柔性转子加速过临界瞬态响应特征分析

对于工作一阶或多阶临界转速以上的转子系统,转子如何安全平稳越过临界转速已成为研究热点。本文中建立了考虑变速转子运动微分方程以及越过临界转速时瞬态动挠度随速度变化的新模型,通过Newmark-β积分法得到越过临界转速的动挠度、进动角速度随加速度和阻尼系数变化的曲线,得出加速度和阻尼系数会影响进动角速度及动挠度波动频率和幅度。小阻尼系数会加剧转子过临界的波动并产生反进动以及反进动与动挠度变化的对应关系,阻尼系数大到一定数值能使转子平稳越过临界转速等一系列规律。     

单盘非对称刚度转子等变速过程瞬态响应分析

研究了具有初弯的不平衡非对称刚度水平刚支Jeffcott转子系统,利用Lagrange第二类方程建立转子运动微分方程,在单盘转子过临界转速的基础上考虑了非对称刚度建立了非对称刚度转子的运动微分方程模型,并运用数值分析方法结合实例对不同刚度比、不平衡量、不同初弯值以及质量偏心与刚度方向间夹角在非对称刚度转子等加速过临界转速时的动挠度、相位角和进动角速度的变化规律进行了分析。研究表明:刚度比、不平衡量、初弯值以及质量偏心与刚度方向间夹角的变化都会引起动挠度幅值的改变;其次相位角和进动角速度受四个参量的影响较大。     

有初弯的单盘转子变速过程动态响应分析

以具有初弯的水平刚支Jeffcott转子系统为研究对象,建立变速过程中圆盘中心运动微分方程,运用数值分析方法对其进行仿真模拟,针对变速状态下系统振幅、相位角、进动角速度对不同初弯值、初弯与质量偏心间夹角以及不同系统内阻的响应规律进行了讨论研究。结果表明转子等变速越过临界转速时,其相位、振幅和进动角速度均会受到初弯大小和方向的影响;其次系统内阻对稳态涡动的相位、振幅和进动角速度没有影响;在等变速越过临界转速时,随着内阻尼的增大,进动角速度波动的极大值会增大,极小值减小。     

单盘转子的瞬态不平衡动力相应分析

建立了Jeffcot转子的瞬态运动方程,采用S imu link程序进行数值仿真,得到转子系统在不同加速度下的瞬态动力响应。就不同加速度下转子系统振动的振幅、相位、进动角速度随时间和转速的变化规律分别作了较详细的讨论,得出了相应的结论。发现转子变速越过临界转速时,振幅、相位和进动角速度均与转子偏心相对于转子挠曲面的位置有关。进动角速度波动的极小值和极大值都对应着响应曲线过临界后波动的极小值。振幅、相位、进动角速度在过临界后的波动频率随转速增加而增加。该仿真结果与试验结论相吻合[4]。     

重力对具有初弯和不对称刚度机动转子特性的影响

建立在机动飞行器内具有初始弯曲和不对称刚度的单盘转子的动力学模型 ,研究重力方向与转子轴间夹角变化对等速运行转子幅频特性曲线和等变速运行转子瞬态响应的影响。结果表明 :( 1)重力方向与转子轴间夹角变化将导致等速运行转子的幅频特性曲线发生变化 ,振幅差别明显 ,特别是在临界转速之前振幅区别较大。如果其他转子参数相同 ,当重力方向与转子轴间夹角从 0°～ 36 0°变化时 ,部分夹角对应的振幅曲线会重合。 ( 2 )如果重力方向与转子轴间夹角变化 ,则等变速运行转子的瞬态响应振幅也明显不同 ,特别是等变速初期的振幅差别很大。不同夹角所对应的响应曲线可能在临界附近及之后重合。 ( 3)当初始弯曲方向与不平衡方向夹角大到一定程度时 ,等速转子的幅频曲线或等变速转子的瞬态响应曲线的走势发生根本的变化。随着转速的升高或降低 ,转子振幅可能会下降然后再上升 ,或者在临界前保持不变 ,之后则振荡并衰减。 ( 4 )初始弯曲值的大小对转子振幅曲线趋势变化影响很大 ,而重力参数的变化只影响振幅的大小 ,而不影响幅频曲线的趋势。由上述结论可以得到一种新的诊断初始弯曲及判断初始弯曲方向与不平衡夹角大小的方法     

双盘柔性转子突加不平衡瞬态响应研究

转子系统在运转过程中可能由于叶片断裂等原因造成自身不平衡量突然增大,转子系统在突加不平衡条件下的响应特性是一个很值得关注的问题。运用传递矩阵法建立了双盘转子系统的运动微分方程,以Newmark-β积分法求解,模拟对比了转子系统在稳态和瞬态两种运转状态下的突加不平衡响应。结果表明:加速起动下转子越过临界转速后突加不平衡引发的震荡波动与自然波动频率一致;震荡波动的最大振幅与阻尼、突加不平衡总量及系统瞬时转速相关,波动的持续时间主要受系统阻尼影响;不同盘上发生突加不平衡,对临界转速处的响应振幅影响不同。     

转子-机匣系统振动特性研究

采用传递矩阵法计算转子－机匣系统的临界转速、不平衡响应及初始弯曲响应，计算转子－机匣系统临界转速及稳态响应时的位能与位能分配，提出了借助转子－机匣的位能分配判断各阶临界转速的分析方法，并研究了机匣对系统振动特性的影响。     

飞轮储能系统转子动力学分析

文中对储能飞轮转子支撑系统的转子动力学问题进行了研究,推导出各部件的动能、势能和耗散函数,基于拉格朗日方法建立飞轮转子支撑系统的动力学数学模型,并进行求解。采用ANSYS软件对其进行临界转速及不平衡响应求解,并分析磁轴承刚度和阻尼对飞轮转子动态特性的影响。结果表明:系统临界转速均在工作转速范围之内,磁轴承刚度和阻尼的增加有利于系统的稳定,且系统在启动过程中受到不平衡激励时状态趋于稳定。     

磁悬浮电动机柔性转子振动控制与试验研究

针对磁悬浮电动机柔性转子穿越一阶弯曲临界转速所面临的问题,提出综合多种控制器于一体的振动控制方法。为保证控制器设计的准确度,采用在线扫频技术验证磁轴承系统各环节建模的正确性。基于不完全微分PID控制器,设计固定中心频率的陷波器抑制转子二阶弯曲模态。根据等效控制系统的阻尼特性,设计相位补偿器增加转子在一阶弯曲模态共振点附近的正阻尼,抑制转子一阶弯曲模态。考虑到转子存在较大的二阶柔性不平衡质量,根据最小电流控制准则,在转子穿越一阶弯曲临界转速之后启用同频陷波器,消除功放同频电流,避免磁轴承控制量过大造成功放电压饱和。试验结果表明,所设计的综合控制器有效抑制了转子的一阶和二阶弯曲模态,且转子在一阶弯曲模态处的最大位移振幅仅为轴承单边保护间隙的5%;最终转子成功穿越一阶弯曲临界转速,并稳定运行在转速34 000 r/min。     

静压轴承对电主轴转子系统动态特性的影响分析

静压轴承的性能对高精密平面磨床电主轴转子系统的动态特性起决定性的影响。以某高精密平面磨床电主轴转子系统为研究对象,应用弹簧阻尼单元模拟静压轴承,建立电主轴转子系统的有限元模型,分析其动态特性,得到静压轴承刚度及阻尼值对电主轴转子系统固有频率、动刚度及临界转速的影响特点。结果表明:前后端静压轴承刚度相同时,电主轴转子系统固有频率、临界转速与轴承刚度、阻尼成正变关系,动刚度与轴承刚度成反变关系与轴承阻尼成正变关系,轴承刚度大于3×105N/mm时,轴承阻尼值对系统临界转速影响很小,此时提高轴承阻尼值可以提高系统固有频率和动刚度,减小振动幅度,获得良好的动态性能;前后端静压轴承刚度不相同时,轴承刚度的波动对系统最小动刚度的影响比轴承刚度相同时更柔和,加工更稳定。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

ANGULAR DISTORTION ALLOWABLE VALUE AND ASSESS METHOD OF WELD ON COKE TOWER

A graph as the new engineering method for estimate the safety of bulging deformation of coke tower is proposed. Through stresses analysis of circumferential weld of coke tower and comparing the stresses produced by pressure with heat stress of steady state, residual stress, bending stress produced by both itself weight and wind loads, it showed that the stresses produced by pressure on the angle distortion are the main factor of equivalent stress of the combined stress. After comparing four kinds of stress controlling conditions, the relation to stress with depth of angular distortion, grade of curvature of angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been inferred. Graph of deformation allowable value of coke tower for different condition by angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been plotted. The five steps for its engineering use have been explained. The lighter the grade of curvature is, the larger of bulge allowance, may be, and the bigger of depth of angular distortion may pose too. For the coke tower with a popular structure of Dg 5 400 mm×28 mm, the result by graph is nearly more than the result of two formulas formed by other research, the error is less than 7.0%. But, the graph can be easily applied to different size of angular distortion.