燃烧室结构-声耦合特性研究

声振耦合影响燃烧室燃烧稳定性,加剧火焰筒薄壁结构疲劳破坏,声振耦合特性研究对燃烧室燃烧稳定性设计与结构抗疲劳设计非常必要。利用有限元软件建立燃烧室结构-声三维模型,进行燃烧室封闭结构声振耦合特性研究,计算出结构的固有频率和模态振型。通过试验,测量燃烧室声振传递函数,得到燃烧室结构声振耦合固有频率和模态振型。研究表明,声场相当于给结构增加了附加质量,降低了结构固有频率,并产生了特殊的耦合频率。试验验证了有限元计算结果的正确性,从而为燃烧室薄壁结构设计提供了参考。     

声振耦合对薄壁圆柱结构动力特性的影响

声振耦合是航空航天飞行器在运行过程中备受关注的问题.针对具有代表性的薄壁圆柱结构,建立声场-结构直接耦合的三维动力学模型,其中结构和声场分别采用实体有限元和三维声单元剖分,并且采用无限元模拟自由声场边界.通过理论和数值分析研究声场中薄壁圆柱结构的模态、幅频响应、相频响应等振动特性的变化规律,讨论声振动对结构动力特性的影响及机理.研究发现声场在大多数情况下降低了结构的固有频率,在低频段声振动相当于给结构增加了附加质量,但是在高频段,声振动和结构阻尼的影响比较相似.随着声场流体密度增大,结构的大多数固有频率值明显减小,结构响应幅值在低频段增大,在高频段减小.声速对声场模态有显著影响,但是对结构模态频率的影响不大.     

基于联合概率密度的随机声疲劳寿命估算方法

针对燃烧室火焰筒结构随机声疲劳问题,根据有限带宽高斯白噪声载荷作用下结构振动响应功率谱密度得到雨流循环均值-幅值条件概率的计算式,结合雨流循环幅值概率密度Dirlik经验公式推导出雨流循环均值-幅值联合概率密度函数,克服了在疲劳寿命估算中只考虑幅值、忽略雨流循环均值影响的局限性。根据Miner线性累积损伤理论,运用获得的联合概率密度函数建立声疲劳寿命的估算方法。以某型航空发动机燃烧室火焰筒结构为例,利用耦合的有限元和边界元方法进行振动响应计算分析。基于应力响应结果,运用提出的方法对火焰筒结构进行疲劳寿命估算,并分析不同声压级的声载荷对火焰筒结构疲劳寿命的影响。研究表明,该方法对航空薄壁结构声疲劳寿命分析具有适用性。     

基于ANSYS的圆柱滚子轴承热-结构耦合变形研究

高速运转的轴承会产生大量热,以某一型号的圆柱滚子轴承为例,通过理论计算公式求得在一定载荷作用下轴承滚子与滚道的摩擦功率,利用ANSYS有限元软件建立轴承的三维有限元模型并考虑此摩擦功率,仿真得到轴承整体及各组成部分的稳态温度场,并把结果导入结构分析,最终求解轴承热-结构耦合变形。结果显示正常工作状态的圆柱滚子轴承变形是结构载荷与热载荷共同作用的结果,高速运转轴承产生的热载荷对轴承旋转精度及轴承部件(尤其是滚子)的影响显著。圆柱滚子轴承的热-结构耦合变形研究为改善热载荷影响和降低轴承发热量的研究提供理论依据。     

热环境下的金属热防护系统的动力学特性研究

研究了金属热防护系统(metallic thermal protection system,简称MTPS)在典型RLV再入热载荷作用下的动力学特性.首先,针对MTPS在热载荷作用下的动态响应问题,结合数值算例验证了有限元分析方法的可行性和正确性;其次,基于MTPS的有限元传热分析模型,计算了热环境下结构的瞬态温度响应;最后,使用有限元的分析方法对笔者建立的MTPS简化模型在热应力场和结构场耦合下的结构动力学特性进行了研究分析,给出了典型再入热环境下结构的固有振动频率随加热时间的变化曲线.计算结果发现,材料弹性模量等参数的变化比热应力场对MTPS结构固有频率的影响更大,热应力场对结构固有频率的影响最高达到10.3％的比例.     

采棉头锥齿箱有限元热-结构耦合分析研究

针对采棉头锥齿箱存在的热栽荷引起的热变形问题,应用有限元热-结构耦合分析方法,对箱体结构进行热态特性分析,给出箱体的稳态温度场分布,将分析结果作为箱体热-结构耦合分析的边界条件,建立了耦合分析模型,计算出箱体在热和结构载荷共同作用下箱体的应力分布和位移云图.研究结果表明,采棉头锥齿箱变形是结构载荷与热载荷共同作用的结果...     

大型管壳式换热器热-结构耦合场数值模拟研究

将换热器最严酷工况的表面温度数据添加到换热器的有限元数值模拟模型上,通过导热计算得出换热器各部分的热场分布,然后求出由于热场而产生的变形.将热场产生的变形与换热器结构场载荷而产生的变形进行耦合分析,这样就可得出换热器热-结构耦合场的变形和应力分布,从而验证换热器设计的合理性.     

基于有限元分析的汽油发动机密封性能多物理场耦合研究

以某典型汽油发动机的气缸盖、气缸垫及气缸体组合结构为例,基于ANSYS Workbench平台全面模拟汽油发动机的工作状况,对其进行流体场、瞬态温度场以及瞬态结构场的多物理场耦合分析,获得汽油发动机冷却液速度、组合结构温度和应力、气缸垫变形,并探讨热载荷、机械载荷对汽油发动机密封性能的影响。结果表明,发动机组合结构在热载荷、机械载荷的共同作用下,发动机燃烧室所承受的等效应力较大且其变化较明显,气缸垫缸口处压纹变形也较明显,可通过调整燃烧室的水套结构、冷却液流速来降低等效应力,以及调整气缸垫的压纹结构、螺栓预紧力来降低气缸垫的变形,从而达到发动机密封性能提高的目的。     

功能梯度压电材料梁的热-机-电耦合振动及屈曲特性分析

为提高粱理论对静动态响应预测的可靠性和准确性,基于一种n阶广义梁理论,研究外驱动电压及轴向机械载荷共同作用下功能梯度压电材料(Functionally graded piezoelectric material,FGPM)梁在热环境中的耦合振动及屈曲特性.考虑温度沿梁厚按不同类型稳态分布,采用Voigt混合幂率模型表征FGPM梁的材料属性,应用Hamilton原理统-实施静动态建模,采用Navier法求解FGPM简支梁的动态响应.分析不同梁理论、不同温度分布、热-机-电耦合效应、材料组份梯度指标、跨厚比等诸多参数对梁振动频率和屈曲临界载荷特性的影响,揭示多因素影响下FGPM梁耦合屈曲和耦合振动这两类静动态力学行为之间的二元耦联性.结果 表明,通过改变外驱动电压大小和极化方向均可实现FGPM梁在热-机-电耦合作用下的振动控制以及稳定性安全设计.     

高温高压球阀球体的热-结构耦合分析

根据理论设计球体半径,采用Solid Works建立球体的三维模型,应用有限元分析软件Workbench对球体分别进行结构分析和热-结构耦合分析。通过对比分析,对不符合强度要求的球体进行设计改进。结果表明:球体的应力是热载荷和结构载荷共同作用的结果,热-结构耦合分析为球体的可靠性设计提供了理论分析依据。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

Limits of topographic measurement by the scanning tunnelling and atomic force microscopes

Parameters describing the topographic character of a surface (height, surface wavelength, slope and curvature) can be derived from equivalent sinusoidal profiles. The response of a surface-measuring instrument may be modelled in terms of instrument parameters such as stylus radius, and scanning range and resolution. The performance of the instrument may then be mapped as a zone in amplitude-wavelength (AW) space to show the sinusoidal profiles it is capable of measuring. In a first-order analysis the STM and AFM are considered as equivalent to contact-stylus instruments with a notional stylus radius equal to the tip radius plus the gap. Comparisons between different instruments and types of instrument are readily made by mapping in AW space. The error arising from convolution of the sinusoidal profile with that of the finite tip may be quantified and plotted as contours in AW space.