基于分水岭变换的粘连颗粒图像分割方法

提出了一种基于分水岭变换的粘连颗粒图像分割方法. 首先对图像进行预处理,进行二值化;然后通过距离变换和灰度形态重构得到每个目标的种子区域（目标标记）;再根据目标标记使用强制最小技术修正距离变换图;最后,对修正后的距离变换图进行分水岭变换,得到分割结果. 在Matlab环境下进行实验,结果表明该算法效果良好,能有效的抑制过分割.     

结合距离变换与边缘梯度的分水岭血细胞分割

目的 针对医学图像中细胞提取和粘连细胞分割问题,提出一种结合距离变换利用边缘梯度的分水岭血细胞显微图像分割方法。方法 首先,通过距离变换由细胞二值图生成距离地形图,取其局部极值点或点集作为前景标记,进行第1次距离分水岭变换;接着将第一步骤所得的分水岭脊线作为背景区域的标记,前景标记不变,视梯度幅度图为地形图,再一次进行梯度分水岭变换,得到细胞分割结果。两次分水岭变换前,均采用强制极小值的方法修改地形图,来控制地形图只在选取的标记处存在局部极小值。结果 该方法由距离图提取前景标记,将距离分水岭变换所得的脊线作为梯度分水岭变换的背景标记,能有效地分离粘连目标。相比于基于距离图分水岭变换,本文方法不过多依赖二值图像信息,保留了基于梯度图像的分水岭变换边缘定位准确的优点,又解决了其无法分割粘连目标和过分割的问题。结论 经多幅临床细胞图像分割实验验证,该方法可以实现图像中细胞的提取以及粘连细胞的自动分割,满足医学图像分割的要求。     

基于特征模糊推理的形态学颗粒分割算法

针对粘连或重叠颗粒图像的分割问题,提出了一种基于特征模糊推理的局部形态学重构参数计算方法,对传统的距离变换结合分水岭的算法进行了改进。在传统距离变换结合分水岭方法的基础上,将颗粒图像划分成若干连通区域,每个连通区域单独处理,使用形态学局部重构的方法抑制分水岭的过分割现象。通过对距离图像连通区域极大值进行统计分析,提取该连通区域的颗粒形态特征。将颗粒形态特征作为模糊输入,重构参数特征作为模糊输出,使用模糊推理方法自适应地计算重构参数,解决了重构参数选取的不确定性问题。最后对重构图像进行分水岭变换得到颗粒分割图像。实验结果表明,该方法对各种粘连状态的颗粒分割效果良好,克服了传统方法的过分割与参数自适应选择的问题。     

基于小波变换和形态学分水岭的血细胞图像分割

医学图像处理提取细胞中使用分水岭方法时,容易产生过分割现象且对噪声的干扰极为敏感,为了解决此缺点,提出一种基于小波变换和形态学分水岭的细胞图像分割新方法。首先采用小波变换多分辨率分析对图像进行分解,选取合适的小波基和改进去噪阈值函数对图像进行小波去噪,然后对去噪后小波重构的细胞图像应用数学形态学距离变换、灰度重建等技术产生的区域标记进行分水岭变换,最终得到分割结果。实验结果表明,该算法能稳定、准确地提取细胞和实现粘连细胞的自动分割,同时具有很好的鲁棒性和普适性。     

斑马鱼视网膜细胞图像的分割研究

针对斑马鱼视网膜细胞图像分割时细胞粘连比较严重的情况,采用了边界距离变换和模拟浸水原理的分水岭变换相结合的方法。首先采用距离变换的方法提取细胞区域的局部极小值作为种子点,合并距离过小的错误种子点,然后使用分水岭算法进行分割。实验结果表明,该方法能够有效地分割斑马鱼视网膜细胞图像,成功地解决了分水岭变换中粘连细胞的过分割问题,且计算速度快。     

基于局部灰度占比的粘连细胞分割方法

针对医学细胞图像中的粘连现象,对采集到的细胞图像进行均值聚类、二值化、空洞填充、距离变换等预处理操作后,根据距离变换图像的像素灰度值来选取实现粘连细胞分割的最佳阚值,在分析重叠或粘连细胞图像的局部像素特征的基础上,对距离变换处理后图片的局部灰度占比分布进行了全面的分析和处理.实验结果表明,该方法简单易行,具有较好的分割效果.     

一种基于改进分水岭算法的图像分割方法

使用分水岭方法对图像进行分割引起了人们的重视,但是在图像分割中,分水岭变换使用的是梯度图像,容易造成过度分割.因此首先对原始图像进行平滑,将平滑后的图像使用分水岭变换,同一标号的像素属于同一贮水盆地,而将距不同贮水盆地距离相等的像素标为分水岭点,这样就得到了图像的初始分割结果;最后应用灰度齐次性准则和边界强度准则进行区域的融合,从而解决了过度分割问题.实验结果表明,该方法得到了精确的、有意义的分割结果.     

一种基于改进分水岭算法的图像分割方法

使用分水岭方法对图像进行分割引起了人们的重视,但是在图像分割中,分水岭变换使用的是梯度图像,容易造成过度分割。因此首先对原始图像进行平滑,将平滑后的图像使用分水岭变换,同一标号的像素属于同一贮水盆地,而将距不同贮水盆地距离相等的像素标为分水岭点,这样就得到了图像的初始分割结果;最后应用灰度齐次性准则和边界强度准则进行区域的融合,从而解决了过度分割问题。实验结果表明,该方法得到了精确的、有意义的分割结果。     

基于模糊距离变换的岩心图像颗粒分割算法

岩心CT图像中相邻颗粒之间存在相互粘连,粒度参数分析等需要对粘连颗粒进行分割。结合岩心粘连颗粒的特性,提出一种基于模糊距离变换的改进颗粒分割算法。首先,对预处理后的岩心图像进行模糊距离变换并提取出距离信息的灰度图像,然后利用形态学膨胀重构方法提取标记作为后续分水岭算法的种子点,根据种子点采用一种基于测地重建的改进分水岭算法得到相邻种子点之间的分割线,最后完成粘连颗粒的分割。实验结果表明本文算法可以提高粘连颗粒分割的准确度并减轻分水岭算法的过分割现象。     

一种区域级运动目标检测方法

传统运动目标检测方法通常在像素或硬性划分的区域上实现.文中使用分水岭变换自动将图像划分成灰度一致性区域,并以一致性区域为基元进行运动目标检测.针对分水岭变换的过分割问题,在多步形态学梯度图像上进行变换.针对运动目标检测的低虚警率和高实时性要求,直接考察待检测图像中每一个一致性区域与一组背景图像中对应区域间的差异程度,设计灰度差异、颜色畸变及相邻区域间的灰度关系准则综合判断各区域是前景还是背景.该方法与流行的检测方法相比具有较低的虚警率,避免区域级检测方法中的硬性分块问题,同时又具有一定的处理速度.多个室内和室外标准图像序列的测试证明该算法的有效性.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.