基于GEP-RBF的协同过滤数据稀疏性问题研究

针对传统协同过滤推荐算法的数据稀疏性问题,提出了基于GEP-RBF的协同过滤推荐算法.该算法对目标用户偏好的分类范畴进行了分析,构建了局部用户-项目评分矩阵,同时利用GEP优化RBF神经网络,预测局部用户-项目评分矩阵的缺失评分,平滑评分矩阵,并给出了用户评分项目交集阈值修正相似度的方法,提高用户相似度计算的准确性.实验结果表明,该算法能有效地缓解数据稀疏性问题,从而提高了协同过滤推荐系统的推荐质量.     

一种结合项目属性的混合推荐算法

传统的协同过滤推荐算法中仅仅根据评分矩阵进行推荐,由于矩阵的稀疏性,存在推荐质量不高的问题.本文提出了一种结合项目属性相似性的混合推荐算法,该算法通过计算项目之间属性的相似性,并且与基于项目的协同过滤算法中的相似性动态结合,通过加权因子的变化控制两种相似性的比重来改善协同过滤中的稀疏性问题,并且将综合预测评分和基于用户的协同过滤预测评分相结合来提高推荐质量,最终根据综合评分来进行推荐.通过实验数据实验证明,该算法解决了协同过滤算法的矩阵稀疏性问题.     

嵌入LDA主题模型的协同过滤推荐算法

协同过滤推荐算法由于其推荐的准确性和高效性已经成为推荐领域最流行的推荐算法之一。该算法通过分析用户的历史评分记录来构建用户兴趣模型,进而为用户产生一组推荐。然而,推荐系统中用户的评分记录是极为有限的,导致传统协同过滤算法面临严重的数据稀疏性问题。针对此问题,提出了一种改进的嵌入LDA主题模型的协同过滤推荐算法(ULR-CF算法)。该算法利用LDA主题建模方法在用户项目标签集上挖掘潜在的主题信息,进而结合文档-主题概率分布矩阵和评分矩阵来共同度量用户和项目相似度。实验结果表明,提出的ULR-CF算法可以有效缓解数据稀疏性问题,并能显著提高推荐系统的准确性。     

一种融合聚类与用户兴趣偏好的协同过滤推荐算法

协同过滤推荐算法可以根据已知用户的偏好预测其可能感兴趣的项目,是现今最为成功、应用最广泛的推荐技术。然而,传统的协同过滤推荐算法受限于数据稀疏性问题,推荐结果较差。目前的协同过滤推荐算法大多只针对用户-项目评分矩阵进行数据分析,忽视了项目属性特征及用户对项目属性特征的偏好。针对上述问题,提出了一种融合聚类和用户兴趣偏好的协同过滤推荐算法。首先根据用户评分矩阵与项目类型信息,构建用户针对项目类型的用户兴趣偏好矩阵;然后利用K-Means算法对项目集进行聚类,并基于用户兴趣偏好矩阵查找待估值项所对应的近邻用户;在此基础上,通过结合项目相似度的加权Slope One算法在每一个项目类簇中对稀疏矩阵进行填充,以缓解数据稀疏性问题;进而基于用户兴趣偏好矩阵对用户进行聚类;最后,面向填充后的评分矩阵,在每一个用户类簇中使用基于用户的协同过滤算法对项目评分进行预测。实验结果表明,所提算法能够有效缓解原始评分矩阵的稀疏性问题,提升算法的推荐质量。     

融合社交网络与关键用户的并行协同过滤推荐算法

为解决传统协同过滤推荐算法中存在的数据稀疏、冷启动以及推荐结果缺乏多样性等问题,提出一种融合社交网络与关键用户的协同过滤推荐算法。该算法在用户—项目评分矩阵基础上,融合用户社交网络信息得出社交信任矩阵,融合关键用户信息得出关键用户评分矩阵。利用三大评分矩阵,分配不同的权重比例,共同来预测用户对于目标项目评分。针对海量数据问题,采用Spark分布式集群实现该算法的计算并行化。实验结果表明,该算法能够有效缓解数据稀疏问题,提高处理速度和推荐准确度。     

基于用户和项目组合的协同过滤推荐算法

协同过滤算法是电子商务系统中一种重要的个性化推荐技术之一。但是随着电子商务规模的扩大,评分矩阵的稀疏性问题严重的影响了协同过滤算法的推荐效果。该文通过分析并研究了传统的协同过滤算法的不足,提出了一种新的基于用户和项目组合的协同过滤算法,在对稀疏矩阵进行填充时,不仅考虑到了项目之间的相关性,还考虑到了用户之间的相关性,然后在此基础上,构造虚拟的评分矩阵,最后再进行综合推荐。实验结果表明,在评分矩阵极其稀疏的情况下,该算法能有效的提高预测精度。     

融合本体语义与用户属性的协同过滤算法

传统协同过滤推荐算法在处理海量数据时存在数据稀疏性和项目长尾效应,导致推荐精度较低。针对该问题,结合本体语义和用户属性,提出一种改进的协同过滤算法。利用本体计算项目之间的语义相似度,构建项目相似度矩阵,同时引入用户属性计算用户相似度矩阵。通过融合本体语义和用户属性形成用户-项目评分矩阵,并对该矩阵的预测评分进行加权处理,生成TOP-N推荐结果。实验结果表明,相比传统皮尔逊相似度计算协同过滤算法、基于本体语义的协同过滤算法和基于评分矩阵填充与用户兴趣的协同过滤算法,该算法的平均绝对误差较低,准确率较高,综合性能及新颖度较优。     

社会网络环境下的协同推荐方法

针对传统协同过滤推荐算法的数据稀疏性及恶意评分等问题,提出了一种融合信任度与矩阵分解技术实现社会网络推荐的方法。首先通过计算节点的声望值与偏见值发现网络中的不可信节点,并将其评分权重进行弱化。然后将用户－评分矩阵与信任度矩阵相结合,实现社会网络环境下的协同推荐。实验表明,相对于传统的协同过滤算法,该算法可以消减虚假评分或恶意评分给推荐系统带来的负面影响,有效地缓解数据稀疏性与冷启动问题,显著提高推荐系统的推荐质量。     

基于用户行为与角色的协同过滤推荐算法

针对传统协同过滤推荐算法中以稀疏评分计算用户相似性可能并不准确的问题,提出以用户行为对应一定分值填补空缺的I-U评分矩阵,并以分角色下的权重系数K约束用户相似性计算的改进协同过滤推荐算法.实验表明,改进算法的推荐质量更高.     

融合社交网络特征的协同过滤推荐算法

为了解决传统协同过滤算法中存在的严峻的数据稀疏性问题,提出了一种融合社交网络特征的协同过滤推荐算法。该算法在传统矩阵分解模型基础上,通过融合社交网络特征与用户评分偏好程度得到信任和被信任特征矩阵,然后利用社交特征矩阵、商品特征矩阵和用户评分偏好相似性共同预测用户对商品的评分值。为了验证该算法的可靠性,使用Epinions公开数据集对算法性能进行对比分析。实验结果显示,相比现有的社交推荐算法,所提算法有更小的平均绝对误差和均方根误差,同时算法的时间复杂度与数据集的数量之间为线性关系。因此,该算法可以有效缓解数据稀疏性对推荐结果的影响,并提高推荐准确率。在现实推荐中,该算法可以考虑作为大规模数据集进行商品推荐的一个选择方式。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。