Interactions of "ultra-low" doses of naltrexone and morphine in mature and young male and female rats

Sex and age influence morphine analgesia in humans and animals. Mature rats show greater morphine analgesia in males than in females. Ultra-low doses of naltrexone enhance morphine analgesia. In mature rats (18-22 weeks), naltrexone (0.002-2.0 mg/kg)-morphine (2 mg/kg) cotreatment enhanced morphine analgesia in females, an effect inversely related to naltrexone dose. Conversely, in mature male rats, naltrexone tended to decrease morphine analgesia with increasing dose. In young rats (8-10 weeks), morphine analgesia was unrelated to sex and in both sexes the naltrexone-morphine interaction was negligible. These data show that dose, age, and sex alter the naltrexone-morphine interaction in rats.     

Effects of losartan on blood pressure, oxidative stress, and nitrate/nitrite levels in the nitric oxide deficient hypertensive rats

Losartan, an angiotensin II type-1 receptor (AT1) antagonist, was used to investigate whether it can offer protection against the sustained hypertension, cardiac hypertrophy, and renal damage induced by chronic inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) by Nomega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME). We studied the involvement of both NO metabolism and oxidative stress in L-NAME-induced hypertension, and how AT1 receptor antagonism may interact. Male Wistar albino rats were subjected to NO synthesis inhibition by the use of L-NAME (60 mg/kg/day), and the effects of losartan (10 mg/kg/day) in drinking water for six weeks were observed. After six weeks, animals were subjected to the measurements for systolic, mean, and diastolic blood pressure (BPs, BPm, and BPd, respectively). Under light ether anesthesia blood was withdrawn for ACE activity, NOx and creatinine determinations. Heart and kidneys were weighed, and organ indices were calculated comparing to their body weights. These tissues were immediately preserved for GSH, MDA, NOx estimations. Chronic L-NAME treatment raised BPs, BPm, and BPd, respectively, above the normal. Treatment also increased NOx in plasma, significantly decreased it in the heart, and tended to increase it in kidney. L-NAME caused GSH depletion in the heart and kidney tissues with a concomitant increase in MDA contents in both the tissues. Plasma creatinine doubled in L-NAME-treated animals. Plasma ACE activity showed a nonsignificant decrease below control. Concurrent treatment with losartan almost completely inhibited any rise in blood pressure. Losartan replenished the partly depleted cardiac and renal antioxidant GSH and ameliorated the increase of oxidative stress damage index, MDA. However, losartan alone did not change appreciably the plasma level or cardiac and renal contents of NO,. Losartan plus L-NAME treatment caused an increase in plasma ACE activity above control. Furthermore, losartan ameliorated the L-NAME induced increase in creatinine back to value nonsignificantly different from control.     

HPPH光动力学治疗鼠G422脑胶质瘤诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡的实验观察

目的:通过对鼠G422脑胶质瘤脑及腋部皮下移植瘤模型的HPPH光动力学治疗,从电镜、FCM测定细胞凋亡率,观察各剂量组疗效,并与对照组及HpD-PDT作对比,寻找HPPH-PDT治疗鼠G422脑胶质瘤合适的HPPH剂量。方法:建立鼠G422脑胶质瘤脑及腋部皮下移植瘤模型,设立空白对照组、单注射HPPH 0.45 mg/kg组、单注射HpD组、单665 nm激光照射组、单630 nm激光照射组、HPPH-PDT各组(0.15、0.3、0.45 mg/kg组)、HpD-PDT 5 mg/kg组。单注射HPPH组、HPPH-PDT组和单注射HpD组、HpD-PDT组自尾静脉注入光敏剂,24 h后以波长665 nm的半导体激光照射HPPH-PDT组和单665 nm激光组肿瘤,功率密度200 mW/cm~2,每光斑照射17 min,能量密度为204 J/cm~2;以波长630 nm的半导体激光照射HpD-PDT组及单630nm激光照射组肿瘤,功率密度200 mW/cm~2,每光斑照射20 min,能量密度为240 J/cm~2。于PDT后9 d处死鼠,取肿瘤、肿瘤边缘、正常脑组织,作电镜、FCM细胞凋亡检查。结果:以流式细胞仪及电镜观察肿瘤细胞凋亡,显示鼠G422脑胶质瘤脑及皮下移植瘤HPPH-PDT各剂量组、HpD-PDT组与空白、单注药和单照光三组对照组比较,肿瘤细胞凋亡率明显升高,P<0.01,差别有统计学意义。HPPH-PDT各组细胞凋亡率高于HpD-PDT组,0.3 mg/kg、0.45 mg/kgHPPH-PDT组的细胞凋亡率明显高于0.15 mg/kgHPPH-PDT组,HpD-PDT组,P<0.01,差别有统计学意义,0.45 mg/kg HPPH-PDT组细胞凋亡率稍高于0.3 mg/kgHPPH-PDT组,P>0.05,差别无统计学意义。故HPPH0.3 mg/kg是适宜的HPPH-PDT光敏剂剂量。HPPH-PDT0.3 mg/kg组和HpD-PDT组比较,肿瘤细胞凋亡率明显升高,P<0.01,差别有统计学意义。故由肿瘤细胞凋亡率和电镜分析,HPPH-PDT能诱导鼠G422脑胶质瘤细胞凋亡,凋亡率与HPPH剂量相关,适宜的剂量为0.3 mg/kg;HPPH-PDT诱导鼠G422脑胶质瘤细胞凋亡的作用较HpD-PDT强。结论:从电镜、FCM观察HPPH-PDT对鼠G422脑胶质瘤生长有抑制作用,能诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡及死亡。凋亡率与HPPH剂量有关,适宜的剂量为0.3 mg/kg;HPPH-PDT诱导鼠G422脑胶质瘤细胞凋亡的作用较HpD-PDT强。     

Antineoplastic and toxic effects of blastolysin in the treatment of spontaneous mammary cancer in dogs

The anticancer activity and toxicity of blastolysin were studied in 13 dogs with mammary cancer using two different schedules. The agent was given 5 times in a dose of 2.5-10 mg/kg with a 72 h interval (the first schedule) and 10 times in a dose of 0.4-1.7 mg/kg in 24 h (the second schedule). The first schedule exhibited the highest anticancer effect with the least toxicity. Blastolysin was found to depress erythropoiesis.     

HPPH光动力治疗对鼠G422脑胶质瘤突变型p53蛋白和p16蛋白表达的影响

目的:探讨HPPH光动力治疗对鼠G422脑胶质瘤突变型p53蛋白和p16蛋白表达的影响并和HpD做比较。方法:建立鼠G422脑胶质瘤皮下移植瘤模型,设立空白对照组、单注射HPPH组(0.45mg/kg)、单665nm激光照射组、HPPH-PDT组(0.15mg/kg组、0.3mg/kg组、0.45mg/kg组)、HpD-PDT组(5mg/kg)。单注射HPPH组、HPPH-PDT组和HpD-PDT组自尾静脉推注入光敏剂,24h后以波长665nm的半导体激光照射HPPH-PDT组和单激光组肿瘤,功率密度200mW/cm~2,每光斑照射17min,能量密度为204J/cm~2;以波长630nm的半导体激光照射HpD-PDT组肿瘤,功率密度200mW/cm~2,每光斑照射20min,能量密度为240J/cm~2。于PDT后9d处死鼠行酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)的双抗体夹心法检测HPPH-PDT和HpD-PDT后突变型p53蛋白(mutant type p53 protein,mtp53)和p16蛋白表达变化。结果:空白、单注药和单照光三组对照组之间mtp53蛋白和p16蛋白表达值两两比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。HPPH-PDT各剂量组与空白对照组比较,mtp53蛋白表达值明显降低,p16蛋白表达值明显升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。0.3mg/kg组和0.45mg/kg组与0.15mg/kg组相比,mtp53蛋白表达值降低,p16蛋白表达值升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),0.45mg/kg组mtp53蛋白表达值稍低于0.3mg/kg组,p16蛋白表达值稍高于0.3mg/kg组,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。HPPH-PDT0.3mg/kg组和0.45mg/kg组的mtp53蛋白表达值低于HpD-PDT组,p16蛋白表达值高于HpD-PDT组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:HPPH-PDT0.3mg/kg是适宜的HPPH剂量。HPPH-PDT诱导mtp53蛋白表达降低,p16蛋白表达升高。与HpD-PDT相比,HPPH-PDTmtp53蛋白表达更低,p16蛋白表达更高。     

HPPH光动力治疗对鼠G422脑胶质瘤各部位突变型p53蛋白和p16蛋白表达及与HpD-PDT对比

目的:探讨HPPH光动力治疗对鼠G422脑胶质瘤脑及腋部皮下移植瘤各部位mtp53蛋白和p16蛋白表达的影响并和HpD-PDT做比较。方法:建立鼠G422脑胶质瘤脑及腋部皮下移植瘤模型,设立空白对照组、单注射HPPH 0.45mg/kg组、单注射HPD 5 mg/kg组、单665 nm激光照射组、单630n m激光照射组、HPPH-PDT各组(0.15 mg/kg组、0.3 mg/kg组、0.45 mg/kg组)、HpD-PDT 5 mg/kg组。单注射HPPH组、HPPH-PDT组和单注射HPD组、HpD-PDT组自尾静脉注入光敏剂,24 h后以波长665 nm的半导体激光照射HPPH-PDT组和单665 nm激光组肿瘤,功率密度200 mW/cm~2,每光斑照射17 min,能量密度为204 J/cm~2;以波长630 nm的半导体激光照射HpD-PDT组及单630 nm激光组肿瘤,功率密度200 mW/cm~2,每光斑照射20 min,能量密度为240 J/cm~2。于PDT后9 d处死鼠行酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)的双抗体夹心法检测HPPH-PDT和HpD-PDT后肿瘤及对照组各部位(肿瘤、肿瘤边缘、正常脑组织)、血液突变型p53蛋白(mutant type p53 protein,mtp53)和p16蛋白表达变化。结果:空白、单注药和单照光三组对照组之间mtp53蛋白和p16蛋白表达值两两比较,P>0.05,差别无统计学意义。HPPH-PDT各剂量组及HPD-PDT组与空白对照组比较,mtp53蛋白表达值明显降低,p16蛋白表达值明显升高,P<0.01,差别有统计学意义。且接近正常脑组织值,或p16蛋白表达稍低于正常脑值,mtp53蛋白值表达稍高于正常脑组织值。0.3mg/kg和0.45mg/kg HPPH-PDT组与0.15 mg/kg HPPH-PDT组及HPD-PDT相比,mtp53蛋白表达值降低,p16蛋白表达值升高,P<005,差别有统计学意义,0.45 mg/kgHPPH-PDT组mtp53蛋白表达值稍低于0.3 mg/kgHPPH-PDT组,p16蛋白表达值稍高于0.3 mg/kgHPPH-PDT组,P>0.05,差别无统计学意义。HPPH-PDT0.3 mg/kg组的mtp53蛋白表达值低于HpD-PDT5 mg/kg组,p16蛋白表达值高于HpD-PDT 5 mg/kg组,P<0.05,差别有统计学意义。肿瘤边缘mtp53蛋白值稍高于肿瘤值,血液低于肿瘤值;p16蛋白值肿瘤边缘稍低于肿瘤值,血液高于肿瘤值。结论:HPPH-PDT能诱导mtp53蛋白表达降低,p16蛋白表达升高。与HpD-PDT相比,HPPH-PDTmtp53蛋白表达更低,p16蛋白表达更高。本次实验条件下HPPH 0.3 mg/kg是适宜的HPPH-PDT剂量。     

HPPH光动力学治疗鼠G422脑胶质瘤的实验研究

目的: 通过对鼠G422脑胶质瘤脑及腋部皮下移植瘤模型HPPH光动力学治疗, 从肉眼、肿瘤生长曲线、病理、观察各剂量组疗效, 并与对照组及HpD作对比, 寻找HPPH-PDT治疗鼠G422脑胶质瘤合适的HPPH剂量。方法: 建立鼠G422脑胶质瘤脑及腋部皮下移植瘤模型, 设立空白对照组、单注射HPPH 0.45 mg/kg组、单注射HpD组、单665 nm激光照射组、单630 nm激光照射组、HPPH-PDT各组(0.15 mg/kg、0.3 mg/kg、0.45 mg/kg组)、HpD-PDT 5 mg/kg组。单注射HPPH组、HPPH-PDT组和单注射HpD组、HpD-PDT组自尾静脉推注入光敏剂, 24小时后以波长665 nm的半导体激光照射HPPH-PDT组和单665 nm激光照射组肿瘤, 功率密度200 mW/cm2, 每光斑照射17 min, 能量密度为204 J/cm2; 功率密度100 mW/cm2, 每光斑照射34min, 能量密度为204 J/cm2; 以波长630 nm的半导体激光照射HpD-PDT组及单630 nm激光照射组肿瘤, 功率密度200 mW/cm2, 每光斑照射20 min, 能量密度为240 J/cm2。肉眼观察肿瘤外形变化, 测量(治疗前、3、5、7、9 d)肿瘤体积, 于PDT后9 d处死鼠, 取肿瘤、肿瘤边缘、正常脑组织, 作病理检查。结果: 可见未经光动力治疗对照组肿瘤迅速生长,第9天体积平均长至治疗前的4.86～5.97倍, HPPH-PDT 0.3 mg/kg、0.45 mg/kg组与治疗前体积平均比是0.94及0.97倍,HPPH-PDT 0.15 mg/kg组是1.09倍、HpD-PDT组是1.6倍, 光动力学组肿瘤的生长速度明显低于对照组, P值＜0.05,有统计学差别, HPPH-PDT 各组优于HpD-PDT组。HPPH-PDT 0.3 mg/kg、0.45 mg/kg组抑瘤效果优于HPPH-PDT 0.15 mg/kg组、HpD-PDT组(P值＜0.05,有统计学差别)。HPPH-PDT 0.3 mg/kg、0.45 mg/kg组抑瘤效果相似。在同样能量密度时高功率密度组第9天疗效较低能量密度稍好,但无统计学差别。故由抑瘤效果层面分析HPPH-PDT对鼠G422脑胶质瘤有抑制作用, 并与HPPH剂量相关, 适宜的剂量为0.3 mg/kg; HPPH-PDT对鼠G422脑胶质瘤的抑瘤作用较HpD-PDT强。从病理观察鼠G422脑胶质瘤脑及皮下移植瘤各剂量HPPH-PDT组及HpD-PDT治疗组, 治疗9 d后仅个别标本肿瘤组织及细胞已消失, 大部分肿瘤组织明显变性坏死, 但深部仍有带活性肿瘤细胞, 与对照组成巢状生长大片活性肿瘤细胞有明显差别。且坏死程度, HPPH-PDT组明显优于HpD-PDT组, 0.3 mg/kg、0.45 mg/kgHPPH-PDT组优于0.15 mg/kg HPPH-PDT组, 0.3 mg/kg、0.45 mg/kg HPPH-PDT组两组程度相似, 故0.3mg/kg是较合适的HPPH-PDT光敏剂剂量。结论: 从抑瘤效果、病理分析, HPPH-PDT对鼠G422脑胶质瘤生长有抑制作用, 抑瘤效果与HPPH剂量有关, 适宜的剂量为0.3 mg/kg; HPPH-PDT对鼠G422脑胶质瘤抑瘤效果较HpD-PDT强。     

HPPH光动力治疗对鼠G422脑胶质瘤缺氧诱导因子(HIF-1α)、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)表达的影响

目的:探讨HPPH光动力治疗对鼠G422脑胶质瘤脑部及腋部皮下移植瘤缺氧诱导因子(HIF-1α)、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)表达的影响并和HpD-PDT做比较。方法:建立鼠G422脑胶质瘤、腋部皮下移植瘤模型,设立空白对照组、单注射HPPH 0.45mg/kg组、单665nm激光照射组、单630nm激光照射组、HPPH-PDT组(0.15、0.3、0.45mg/kg组)、HpD-PDT 5mg/kg组。单注射HPPH组、HPPH-PDT组和HpD-PDT组自尾静脉推注入光敏剂,24h后以波长665nm的半导体激光照射HPPHPDT组和单激光组肿瘤,功率密度200mW/cm~2,每光斑照射17min,能量密度为204J/cm~2;以波长630nm的半导体激光照射HpD-PDT组肿瘤,功率密度200mW/cm~2,每光斑照射20min,能量密度为240J/cm~2。于PDT后9d处死鼠,取肿瘤、肿瘤边缘、正常脑组织及血液,行酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)的双抗体夹心法检测HPPH-PDT和HpD-PDT后及对照组缺氧诱导因子(HIF-1α)、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)。结果:鼠G422脑胶质瘤脑部及腋部皮下移植瘤,空白、单注药和单照光三组对照组之间缺氧诱导因子(HIF-1α)、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)表达值两两比较,P>0.05,差别无统计学意义。不同剂量HPPH、HpD光敏剂PDT治疗鼠G422脑胶质瘤脑部移植瘤,HIF-1α、VEGF平均值,HPPH-PDT各组较HpD-PDT低,0.3mg/kg-PDT组、0.45mg/kg-PDT组低于0.15mg/kg-PDT组及HpD-PDT组,P<0.05,有显著差异。HPPH-PDT 0.3mg/kg-PDT组、0.45mg/kg-PDT二组值接近。HPPH-PDT 0.3mg/kg-PDW组、0.45mg/kg-PDT接近正常脑值,0.15mg/kg-PDT及HpD-PDT组稍高于正常脑值,但P>0.05,无显著差异,HPPH-PDT各组及HpD-PDT组值均明显低于对照组(空白组、单注HPPH、单注射HpD组、单665nm激光照射组、单630nm激光照射组),P值<0.05,有显著差异。各组肿瘤边缘的值稍高于肿瘤值,血液的值较肿瘤低,接近或稍高于正常脑值。不同剂量HPPH、HPD光敏剂PDT治疗鼠G422胶质瘤腋部皮下移植瘤HIF-1α、VEGF平均值,HPPH-PDT各组较HpD-PDT低,0.3mg/kg-PDT组、0.45mg/kg-PDT组低于0.15mg/kg-PDW组及HpD-PDT组,P<0.05,有显著差异,HPPH-PDT0.3mg/kg-PDT组、0.45mg/kg-PDT二组值接近。HPPH-PDT各组及HpD-PDT组值均明显低于对照组(空白组、单注HPPH、单注HpD对侧未治疗组、单665nm激光照射组、单630nm激光照射组),且P<0.05,有显著差异。各组肿瘤边缘的值稍高于肿瘤值,血液的值较肿瘤低,接近或稍高于正常脑值。结论:HPPH-PDT能诱导缺氧诱导因子(HIF-1α)、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)表达降低,与HpD-PDT相比,表达更低。HPPH-PDT疗效优于HpD-PDT,本实验条件下HPPH-PDT 0.3mg/kg是较合适的光敏剂剂量。     

口服ALA在皮肤及肿瘤中的代谢

目的 :探求ALA口服在皮肤及皮肤肿瘤中的代谢 ,寻求皮肤肿瘤光敏诊断最佳的ALA口服剂量及时间。方法 :口服不同剂量的ALA(2 0mg/kg、4 0mg/kg、6 0mg/kg、80mg/kg、10 0mg/kg) ,不同时间 (1小时、2小时、4小时、6小时、8小时、10小时、12小时、2 4小时、4 8小时 )以激光诱导荧光OMA检测系统测定肿瘤及左股部皮肤荧光 ,并经数据处理 ,寻求皮肤肿瘤与正常皮肤荧光相对值相差最大的合适的ALA口服剂量及诊断时间。结果 :脉宽 2 0或 30A皮肤肿瘤荧光值总和与组织荧光值总和之比除以正常皮肤荧光值与组织荧光值总和之比在口服ALA6 0mg/kg ,服ALA后 6 - 8小时时比值最大。结论 :从以上数据分析口服ALA作皮肤肿瘤OMA荧光光谱分析剂量以 6 0mg/kg ,服ALA后 6 - 8小时作荧光光谱分析较合适 ,计算相对值在峰值宽度 2 0 - 30A面积均可。     

口服ALA联合HPD在鼠脑肿瘤中的代谢

目的:探求ALA口服联合小剂量HPD注射在鼠脑组织及脑肿瘤中的代谢,寻求静脉注射小剂量HPD联合口服ALA脑肿瘤光敏诊断及治疗的最佳的ALA口服剂量及时间。方法:鼠单纯静脉注射1.25mg/kg、口服不同剂量的ALA(20mg/kg、40mg/kg、60mg/kg),及二者联合,及在不同时间(用药前、用药后1小时、2小时、4小时、6小时、8小时、10小时、12小时、24小时、48小时),以激光诱导荧光OMA检测系统测定脑肿瘤及正常脑组织荧光,并与未用药健康鼠脑组织,及未用药脑肿瘤鼠脑组织作对比,并经数据处理,寻求脑肿瘤与正常脑组织荧光相对值相差最大的合适的ALA口服剂量及诊断时间。结果:单纯用1.25mg/kg的HPD在用药后8小时脑肿瘤组织与正常脑组织630nm除以610荧光峰相对值之比值最大,单纯用口服ALA20mg/kg在口服后8小时比值最大,单纯口服ALAALA40-60mg/kg,比值4-6小时比值最大。静脉注射1.25mg/kg的HPD合并口服ALA20mg/kg(简称M20组)在用药后8小时比值最大,合并口服ALA40-60mg/kg组(简称M40、M60组)比值4-6小时比值最大。结论:静脉注射HPD1.25mg/kg合并口服ALA20mg/kg(简称M20组),该小剂量使用光敏剂同样能达到光敏诊断及治疗目的。鼠在用药后8小时作光敏诊断及光动力学治疗最合适,而人在用药后24小时是最佳的光敏诊断及治疗的最佳时间。     

口服ALA在脑组织及脑肿瘤中的代谢

目的:探求ALA口服在脑组织及脑肿瘤中的代谢,寻求脑肿瘤光敏诊断最佳的ALA口服剂量及时间。方法:口服不同剂量的ALA(20mg/kg、40mg/kg、60mg/kg、80mg/kg),不同时间(1小时、2小时、4小时、6小时、8小时、10小时、12小时、24小时、48小时)以激光诱导荧光OMA检测系统测定脑肿瘤、正常脑组织及左股部皮肤荧光,并经数据处理,寻求脑肿瘤、正常脑组织与正常皮肤荧光相对值相差最大的合适的ALA口服剂量及诊断时间。结果:脑肿瘤荧光峰值除以组织荧光峰值与正常脑组织荧光峰值除以组织荧光峰值之比,及在ALA40~60mg/kg,服ALA后2~8小时时比值最大。结论:从实验数据分析口服ALA作脑肿瘤OMA荧光光谱分析剂量以40~60mg/kg,服ALA后2~8小时作荧光光谱分析较合适。     

The effect of ferromagnet particles on the growth of Walker carcinosarcoma 256 in Wistar rats

The intravenous injection of ferromagnetic particles (FMP) was studied for its effect on the growth of Walker 256 carcinosarcoma in Wistar rats. The injection of FMP in a dose of 750 mg/kg increased the organism resistance to the tumour development against a background of phagocytic reaction activation in neutrophils. The injection of FMP in a dose up to 2 g/kg inhibited the phagocytic reactions of neutrophils and accelerated the tumour growth. The data obtained evidence that depending on the FMP dose the total reactivity of the organism may either increase or decrease, thus changing, respectively, its resistance to the development of the tumour process.     

HPPH光敏剂不同时段在颅内外肿瘤、正常脑及皮肤组织间的代谢分布

目的:观察静脉注射不同剂量HPPH光敏剂后不同时段透过血脑屏障在颅内外肿瘤与正常脑组织、皮肤间的代谢分布,并确定静脉注射HPPH光敏剂后在脑胶质瘤高浓度聚集与正常组织大部份排出相差距离最大的时间段,为光敏诊断、光动力治疗提供最佳时间及剂量。方法:建立鼠G422脑胶质瘤、腋部皮下移植瘤模型,设立注射HPPH 0.15mg/kg组、HPPH 0.3mg/kg组、HPPH 0.45mg/kg组、以荧光图像早期癌诊断仪测定注药前、注药后(4、8、12、18、24、32、48h)肿瘤及正常脑组织、皮肤、口腔及眼粘膜的荧光峰值,选择在肿瘤中有较高的HPPH浓度,正常脑组织及皮肤大部分已排出的最大距离值,以确定HPPHPDT,HPPH注药后最佳的诊断、治疗时间及剂量。结果:从鼠G422脑胶质瘤、腋部皮下移植瘤模型注HPPH 0.15mg/kg组、HPPH 0.3mg/kg组、HPPH 0.45mg/kg组、以荧光图像早期癌诊断仪测定注药前、注药后(4、8、12、18、24、32、48h)不同时间脑肿瘤、腋部皮下肿瘤、正常脑、正常皮肤、口腔及眼粘膜的荧光峰值看,HPPH在注药后12～24h时正常组织荧光峰已较低,而肿瘤尚有较高的荧光峰,二者的距离也较大,是作荧光诊断及光动力学治疗的较佳时间,HPPH 0.3mg/kg、HPPH 0.45mg/kg组峰值平均值接近,并稍高于HPPH 0.15mg/kg组,故HPPH注药0.3mg/kg、注药后12～24h是作鼠G422脑胶质瘤肿瘤光敏诊断及光动力学治疗的较佳剂量及时间,三组注药后口腔及眼粘膜的荧光峰值均较高,且48h仍有较高的浓度,应注意口、眼在HPPH-PDT后对光的防护。皮肤48h时荧光峰较低,可减少皮肤避光时间。结论:通过荧光图像早期癌诊断仪测定静脉注射HPPH在肿瘤及正常组织中的代谢,确定HPPH能作光敏诊断及光动力学治疗,注药0.3mg/kg、注药后12～24h是较佳的光敏诊断及光动力学治疗的剂量及时间。     

Effect of khingamin on the development of SV40 virus-induced and transplantable tumors in hamsters

Chloroquine was administered to 2-month hamsters inoculated at birth with an oncogenic virus SV-40 which was injected daily in a dose of 30 mg/kg for a month. Chloroquine-treated animals showed a statistically significant (6 weeks) shorter latent period of tumour development. The drug exerted no effect neither on the rate and incidence of transplantable E-1 test tumours or on the phenomenon of resistance in experiments on 4-6-month hamsters under its multiple administration in doses close to maximum tolerated ones (40 mg/kg).     

Potentiating effect of disodium salt of 2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-bis-carbonyl hydroxyacetic acid on the activity of various antitumor agents

The disodium salt of 2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-bis-carbonyl hydroxyacetic acid (I) used in the mg/kg dose decreases the cyclophosphane toxicity in mice and potentiates the cytostatic activity of cyclophosphane, 5-fluorouracil and arabinosyl cytosine against leukemia P388, murine sarcoma 37 and Walker's carcinosarcoma. Administered alone I exhibits no antitumour activity. The potentiation of the antitumour effect of drugs appears independent of the administration schedule. Biochemical evidence indicates that I does not block DNA synthesis in leukemic cells in vitro, but significantly enhances the DNA-blocking effect of cyclophosphane in the same cells in vivo.     

不同方法应用甘露醇治疗颅内高压的疗效观察及护理

目的：观察不同方法应用甘露醇治疗颅内高压的效果,以指导临床合理用药及护理。方法：将所有患者随机分成3组,第1组（27例）按0．5g／kg体重应用20％甘露醇;第2组（25例）按1．0g／kg体重给予;第3组（26例）按0．5g／kg体重给予甘露醇治疗以及速尿20mg降颅内压处理,所有患者给予颅内压监护,记录使用甘露醇前、后的颅内压变化数据。结果：第3组在有效率、药效持续时间优于其它两组,而颅内压反跳率低于其它两组。第2组与第1组比较,药效持续时间差异有统计学意义,其余指标差异无统计学意义。3组比较降压幅度差异无统计学意义。结论：甘露醇治疗颅内高压是有效的,O．5g／kg体重的甘露醇＋速尿20mg效果理想,值得提倡。加强用药过程中的护理,充分发挥其药理作用,使患者得到安全有效的治疗。     

当归多糖抗衰老作用的实验研究

目的:观察不同剂量的当归多糖(ASP)对D-半乳糖致衰老小鼠模型是否具有抗衰老作用。方法:50只小鼠随机分为5组,一组为空白组,另4组用D-半乳糖致衰老。这4组分为模型组及三个不同剂量ASP组(100mg/kg、150mg/kg、200mg/kg)。ASP组每日各自灌胃不同剂量的ASP进行干预。测量小鼠脾脏指数,测定小鼠血清和脑组织SOD、MDA、GSH-PX含量及活性,测定小鼠脑细胞凋亡指数。结果:与模型组比较,ASP可拮抗脾脏的萎缩、增强血清和脑组织SOD活力、减少MDA含量、提高GSH-PX活性、降低脑细胞凋亡指数。结论:当归多糖有很好的抗衰老作用。     

Effect of the duration of administration of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine on its carcinogenic effect

The (CBA x C57Bl)F1 female mice were treated with weekly injections of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) at a dose rate of 4.15 mg/kg of body weight during different time periods. Relations between the incidence of organ specified particular tumours depend on the total DMH dose. Incidence of haemoblastoses decreases with an increase in the DMH dose. Dose relationships of the tumour incidence are analyzed statistically by the method with intercurrent mortality corrections and carcinogen effect expressed by relations of the observed and expected numbers.     

Kinetics of the cell population in adenocarcinoma 755 after cyclophosphane administration and rate of tumor growth after an additional course of therapy with cyclophosphane and 6-mercaptopurine

The two injections of cyclophosphane (100 mg/kg) to mice with adenocarcinoma 755 on the 6th and 11th days after tumour transplantation had no influence on the cell cycle but induced a decrease of its growth rate due to an increase in the level of cell losses. The third cyclophosphane injection (the same dose) on the 17th day after the tumour transplantation or an additional course of five 6-mercaptopurine injections (50 mg/kg each dose) did not change essentially the growth rate of tumours.     

Enhanced antitumor action of 5-fluorouracil when used in combination with 4-methylmercaptopyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine 1-nucleoside

Mice BDF1 with L 1210 or mice BALB/c with plasmacytoma MOPS-406 after pretreatment with ineffective doses of 1-beta-D-ribofuranosyl-4-methylmercaptopyrazolo(3,4-d)pyramidin e (25 to 100 mg/kg per 5 days) were treated with 5-fluorouracil at the optimal dose 100 mg per day. This combination produced a 1.5-2-fold or 2 to 4 fold enhancement of the antitumour effect of 5-fluorouracil without simultaneous increase of lethal toxicity.