氧化石墨烯-壳聚糖复合材料对Cu~(2+)吸附性能的研究

通过将氧化石墨烯(GO)分散液和壳聚糖(CS)酸溶液进行复合制备得到一种氧化石墨烯-壳聚糖复合吸附剂,研究了溶液pH、吸附时间、吸附剂用量、含铜废水初始浓度对废水中Cu~(~(2+))的吸附性能的影响,确定了复合吸附剂对Cu~(~(2+))的最佳吸附条件。结果表明,复合材料在溶液pH=5.0,吸附时间(振荡)80min,吸附剂用量25g,含铜废水初始质量浓度10mg/L时,复合吸附剂对Cu~(~(2+))的吸附效果最佳,去除率为87.5%,对低浓度含铜废水有较好的处理效果。     

交联锯屑吸附废水中铀的实验研究

以交联锯屑作吸附剂来吸附某铀矿废石场的含铀废水,考察了吸附剂用量、吸附时间、废水pH值和吸附温度对吸附效果的影响。结果表明:交联锯屑对废水中铀有很好的吸附效果;当吸附剂粒径为0.3 mm、吸附剂用量为0.4 g、pH值为5.5、吸附时间为90 min时,铀的去除率达到了93%以上。将废弃物锯屑改性后用来吸附废水中的铀,达到了"以废治废"的目的。     

火龙果皮处理含Cr(Ⅵ)废水的研究

本论文对火龙果皮处理含铬废水进行了研究。通过单因素实验,研究了吸附时间、溶液的pH值、溶液Cr(Ⅵ)初始浓度、溶液温度、吸附剂用量对吸附性能的影响。通过正交实验得出最优条件为:Cr(Ⅵ)初始浓度0.004mol/L、吸附剂用量0.10g/mL、pH值为2和吸附时间为2小时,在此条件下,废水中Cr(Ⅵ)的去除率可达97.92%。     

两性壳聚糖的制备及其处理磷化废水的研究

以壳聚糖、3-氯-2-羟丙基三甲基氯化铵、氯乙酸为原料,制备了两性壳聚糖。以两性壳聚糖为吸附剂,处理磷化废水。通过单因素实验考察了pH、吸附剂用量、吸附时间和温度等因素对吸附效果的影响,对吸附机理进行了初探。结果表明,室温下最佳吸附工艺条件pH为2.0,ρ(吸附剂)为12.0g/L,吸附t为2.0h。此条件下,两性壳聚糖对磷化废水中锌离子和磷酸根的去除率分别达到78.9%和88.2%。     

麸皮去除废水中Cr(VI)的实验研究

以麸皮为生物吸附剂,考察麸皮用量、废水pH、时间、Cr(Ⅵ)初始浓度对废水中Cr(Ⅵ)去除率的影响。结果表明,麸皮作为生物吸附剂可有效去除废水中的Cr(Ⅵ),麸皮用量200 g/L,pH=2、Cr(Ⅵ)初始浓度为5 mg/L,吸附240 min时,Cr(Ⅵ)去除率为99.31%。麸皮对Cr(Ⅵ)离子的吸附过程接近准二级动力学方程,吸附符合Freundlich等温模型,饱和吸附量为55.44 mg/kg。     

腐植酸在含酚废水处理中的实验研究

对腐植酸吸附剂处理含酚废水进行了实验研究,考察了吸附时间、温度、pH值对吸附率的影响,通过改变腐植酸用量与化学耗氧量(CODCr)的关系探讨了其在工业应用的可能性。结果表明,腐植酸对含酚废水有较好的处理效果,在pH=1.0时,室温下吸附12h,吸附率可达95%以上;腐植酸用量为0.5g/10mL废水时,CODCr值可降至50mg/L以下。     

生物质吸附剂——改性玉米芯对印染废水脱色性能研究

研究了生物质吸附剂--改性玉米芯对印染废水的脱色特性.考察了吸附时间、pH值、初始浓度、吸附剂用量、温度、染料结构等对印染废水脱色效果的影响,发现主要影响因素为吸附时间、pH值和初始浓度.改性玉米芯时50 mL印染废水脱色的最佳处理条件为:pH值2、对酸性大红和直接深蓝的吸附时间分别为60 min和30 min、初始浓度50 mg·L-1、吸附剂用量1.0 g.在此条件下,脱色率可迭95%以上,实现了以废治废、变废为宝的目的.     

有机膨润土对模拟废水中苯酚的吸附特性

以商品化有机膨润土为吸附剂来处理含酚模拟废水,在利用低温N2物理吸附仪、扫描电镜(SEM)和傅里叶红外光谱仪(FTIR)系统研究有机膨润土微观结构及表面化学性质的基础上,系统考察了吸附时间、吸附剂用量、温度及溶液pH等因素对模拟废水中苯酚吸附特性的影响,并探讨其吸附过程的动力学。结果表明,该有机膨润土的比表面积及总孔容分别可达31.7m~2/g和0.113cm~3/g,孔径主要分布在3~24nm,属于典型的介孔材料,且具有明显的片层结构和较为丰富的表面官能团。吸附时间、吸附剂用量、温度及溶液pH是影响苯酚脱除的重要因素。当吸附时间为120min、吸附剂用量为2g、温度为30℃、溶液pH为7时,有机膨润土对模拟废水中苯酚的脱除率和吸附量分别为71.32%和1.78mg/g。有机膨润土对苯酚的吸附过程可用伪二级动力学模型描述。     

改性兰炭对焦化废水生化出水的吸附特性

利用水蒸气高温改性后的兰炭静态吸附焦化废水生化出水中的TOC,考察了吸附时间、pH、吸附剂用量、粒径等因素对处理效果的影响。结果表明,向废水(pH=4)中投加20 g/L改性兰炭(粒径1～2 mm),室温下吸附30 min后,对焦化废水生化出水的TOC去除率在60%以上。吸附后水样中的有机物浓度和种类都大幅下降。     

风化煤处理含酚废水的实验研究

对风化煤吸附剂在常温下处理含酚废水进行了实验研究,将原风化煤和活化风化煤进行对照,考察了吸附时间、吸附剂用量、pH值和酚含量对吸附效果的影响,通过饱和吸附及解吸实验探讨了吸附机理。结果表明,活化风化煤对含酚废水有较好的处理效果,在pH=6.0时对酚的吸附率可达90%。     

均匀设计优化油页岩原矿吸附去除水中铜离子

采用均匀设计优化实验方案并确定了油页岩吸附水中 Cu2+的最优条件.设定吸附时间(X1)、初始浓度(X2)、吸附剂投加量(X3)、溶液 pH(X4)和水浴温度(X5)为5个影响因子,通过均匀设计设定了5因素12×6×6×6×3水平的实验.逐步回归分析表明,对油页岩吸附 Cu2+有显著影响的因素依次是 pH、吸附时间、吸附剂投加量和吸附温度.初始浓度对吸附效果起负作用.极大值回归分析确定吸附的最佳条件为 pH=5.15, Cu2+初始浓度为28.49 mg/L,吸附剂投加量为0.28 g,吸附时间为162 min,吸附温度32.5℃.在此条件下,实测 Cu2+的吸附率达99%.     

污泥基吸附剂吸附三硝基甲苯红水的研究

利用由磷酸-微波法处理剩余活性污泥制得吸附剂,研究了它对三硝基甲苯红水的吸附性能,考察了废水pH值、吸附时间、吸附剂投加量对吸附效果的影响,实验结果表明,该吸附剂2个最佳pH值范围为4左右和9左右,吸附平衡时间为60min;当吸附剂的投加量为8%时,其CODCr去除率达到了85.7%。     

秸秆对甲基紫染料吸附性能的研究

利用浓硫酸处理制备秸秆活性炭,以一定浓度的甲基紫溶液为模拟染料废水,研究了溶液pH值、甲基紫的初始浓度、吸附时间、吸附剂用量因素对甲基紫吸附性能的影响,结果表明:秸秆活性炭是具有高去除率的廉价吸附剂,最大去除率接近90%。甲基紫染料在秸秆上的吸附过程符合二级动力学模型,并计算了相应的吸附动力学参数。     

交联氧化铝-壳聚糖新杂化吸附剂的制备及去除废水中Cu(Ⅱ)(英文)

A novel biosorbent was developed by coating chitosan,a naturally and abundantly available biopolymer,on to activated alumina based on oil shale ash via crosslinking.The adsorbent was characterized by various techniques,such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,scanning electron microscopy,thermogravimetric-differential thermal analysis,and X-ray photoelectron spectroscope.Batch isothermal equilibrium adsorption experiments were condcted to evaluate the adsorbent for the removal of Cu(Ⅱ) from wastewater.The effect of pH and agitation time on the adsorption capacity was also investigated,indicating that the optimum pH was 6.0.The equilibrium adsorp-tion data were correlated with Langmuir and Freundlich models.The maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of chitosan coated alumina sorbent as obtained from Langmuir adsorption isotherm was found to be 315.46 mg·g-1 for Cu(Ⅱ).The adsorbent loaded with Cu(Ⅱ) was readily regenerated using 0.1 mol?L?1 sodium hydroxide solution.All these indicated that chitosan coated alumina adsorbent not only have high adsorption activity,but also had good stability in the wastewater treatment process.     

阳离子淀粉的制备及其处理含磷废水的研究

以淀粉为原料、3-氯-2-羟丙基三甲基氯化铵为阳离子醚化剂,采用湿法制备阳离子淀粉.考察了pH、吸附剂用量、吸附时间和吸附温度等因素对吸附效果的影响.室温下,阳离子淀粉对含磷模拟废水的吸附工艺条件为:pH为3.0,吸附剂用量为12.0g/L,吸附时间为2.0 h.在上述条件下,阳离子淀粉对磷的去除率可达90.41%.     

Low cost adsorbents obtained from ash for copper removal

We investigated the utilization of ash and modified ash as a low-cost adsorbent to remove copper ions from aqueous solutions such as wastewater. Batch experiments were conducted to determine the factors affecting adsorption of copper. The influence of pH, adsorbent dose, initial Cu²⁺ concentration, type of adsorbent and contact time on the adsorption capacity of Cu²⁺ from aqueous solution by the batch adsorption technique using ash and modified ash as a low-cost adsorbent were investigated. The optimum pH required for maximum adsorption was found to be 5. The results from the sorption process showed that the maximum adsorption rate was obtained at 300 mg/L when a different dosage of fly ash was added into the solution, and it can be concluded that decreasing the initial concentration of copper ion is beneficial to the adsorption capacity of the adsorbent. With the increase of pH value, the removal rate increased. When the pH was 5, the removal rate reached the maximum of over 99%. When initial copper content was 300 mg/L and the pH value was 5, the adsorption capacity of the zeolite Z 4 sample reached 27.904 mg/g. The main removal mechanisms were assumed to be the adsorption at the surface of the fly ash together with the precipitation from the solution. The adsorption equilibrium was achieved at pH 5 between 1 and 4 hours in function of type of adsorbent. A dose of 1: 25 g/mL of adsorbent was sufficient for the optimum removal of copper ions. For all synthesized adsorbents the predominant mechanism can be described by pseudo-second order kinetics.     

N-羧甲基壳聚糖吸附锰矿废水中锰离子(Ⅱ)研究

利用N-羧甲基壳聚糖吸附锰矿废水中Mn2+,通过考察吸附剂质量浓度、溶液pH、吸附温度及时间的影响,采用L16(45)正交试验确定吸附10.6 mg/L Mn2+废水的最佳工艺条件为:30.0 mg/m L N-羧甲基壳聚糖,在溶液pH=5.5、65℃下,振摇吸附8.5 h,Mn2+去除率99.1%,吸附后废水中Mn2+浓度0.095 mg/L,满足国家规定地表水锰含量要求,吸附过程符合Langmiur吸附特征,属于单分子层吸附。由于N-羧甲基壳聚糖吸附锰矿废水中Mn2+工艺简便、吸附效率高,从而可为相关行业的水污染处理提供理论基础。     

伊利石负载壳聚糖去除水中酸性大红3R的研究

以伊利石为原料制稀伊利石负载壳聚糖吸附剂,研究了吸附剂对酸性大红3R的吸附性能。考察了溶液pH值、吸附剂用量、吸附剂粒径、吸附时间对吸附的影响。结果表叫,壳聚糖负载量为0．6g,pU值为4,吸附剂用量为0．2g时,对酸性大红3R的吸附效果较好。吸附平衡时间为60min,饱和吸附,量为138．2mg·g^-1。