阿姆河右岸酸性气田井口冲蚀及对策

中亚土库曼斯坦阿姆河右岸气田群为高含H_2S和CO_2的碳酸盐岩气藏,单井产量高,井口设备均出现了不同程度的腐蚀。初步分析认为其原因是生产过程中仅考虑酸性介质对气井井口的化学腐蚀,而没有考虑气体流速对井口的冲蚀作用,极大地影响了气田的安全生产。为此,通过对节流阀上下游阀道、法兰面均出现明显坑状腐蚀的进一步分析,明确了化学腐蚀和气体冲蚀的交互作用是井口磨损的主要影响因素,气流冲刷腐蚀坑的化学腐蚀产物会加速冲蚀损害;进而借鉴冲蚀与腐蚀运行环境下的多相管流管道的磨损计算理论,计算了该运行环境下的冲蚀极限速度,得到了不同生产工况下节流阀的抗冲蚀流量;最后,根据气田生产情况,针对性地提出了按气井配产要求来选择采气树类型、节流阀通径及类型冲蚀的技术控制策略。此举为气田安全生产提供了工程技术保障。     

山前地区深井超深井套管防磨与减磨技术研究

针对山前地区深井超深井钻井过程中套管磨损严重的问题,在分析套管磨损机理的基础上,开展了山前地区套管防磨与减磨技术研究,基于技术研究成果及应用实践,得到如下结论:1应用Power V等垂直钻井系统控制井眼轨迹,特别是上部井段的狗腿度和井斜,可明显减小侧向力和磨损量,缩短套管磨损时间;2应综合考虑套管磨损率、磨损系数以及钻杆耐磨带本身的磨损量,优选出效果最优的耐磨带;在狗腿度严重的位置,可考虑采用一定数量的橡胶钻杆卡箍来减轻对套管的磨损;3山前地区钻井液采用CX-300减磨剂能够显著降低磨损速率,减轻套管磨损程度,但在不同钻井液体系使用之前应进行优化分析以确定最佳使用量;4在迪那204井使用高密度钻井液体系,全部采用优选的高密度重晶石粉代替铁矿粉作为加重剂,整个钻进过程中未出现钻具及套管磨损,迪那204井易损件消耗量仅为邻井迪那203井的左右,防磨减磨效果非常显著。     

Biodiesel Projects Helpful to Ease Energy Shortage

Nearly 7,000 hectares of biodiesel forest will take shape in the northern province of Hebei in 2008, part of a national campaign to fuel the fast growing economy in a green way. In no more than five years, the Pistacia chinensis Bunge, whose seeds have an oil content of up to 40 percent, will yield five tons of fruit and contribute about two tons of high-quality biological diesel oil, according to the provincial forestry administration.     

State Energy Base Proposed in Inner Mongolia

Experts recently suggested China set up a state energy base in lnner Mongolia Autonomous Region to ease its energy thirst. The survey was co-conducted by senior researchers from the National Development and Reform Commission, Development Research Center of the State Council, Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Ministry of Finance. To plan and establish strategic energy bases at state level is in line with the principle of ＂giving priority to energy saving and diversifying energy consumption with the utility of coal at the core.＂     

A Sintering-resistant Pd/C Composite Catalyst for Ethylbenzene DehydrogenationDeveloped by CAS Institute of Metals

Carbon deposition is a commonplace phenomenon occurringin the catalytic reaction process, in particular inthe system of direct dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene,because the reactant - ethylbenzene molecules on thesurface of metal oxide catalysts are prone to quickly formcarbon deposits, leading to deactivation of catalysts. Recently,the associate research fellow Mr. Liu Hongyangand the research fellow Mr. Su Dangsheng of the StateShenyang Material Science （United ） Laboratory of theInstitute of Metal Research, CAS by taking advantageof the carbon deposition process during direct dehydrogenationof ethylbenzene have ingeniously designeda Pd/C composite catalyst. This catalyst in comparisonwith the traditional commercial carbon nanotubesupported Pd catalyst shows a significantly improved performancein terms of its catalytic activity and sinteringresistantability.     

ZPEB Overseas Markets Keep Steady and Efficient Development

In recent years, Zhongyuan Petroleum Exploration Bureau （ZPEB） has made rapid development in overseas petroleum markets through its integrated reorganization. A new international business plattbrm established, aimed at becoming a highly ranked contractor with international petroleum engineering technology. ZPEB has expanded its business scope and scale, regulated the market structure,     

New Era for China-Brazil Relations

China and Brazil celebrated the 40th anniversary of establishing diplomatic relations between the two countries in July this year. Bilateral relations between China and Brazil have entered a new stage, and experts expect the already extensive cooperation between the two countries to deepen and broaden as Chinese President Xi Jinping made a state visit to Brazil in mid-July, which is his first state visit to Brazil since he assumed the office last year. The visit to China＇s largest trade partner in Latin America is at the invitation of Brazilian President Dilma Rousseff.     

Large Scale Ethylene Production Package Technology SuccessfullyDeveloped by CNPC

The CNPC Group has successfully developed a largescaleethylene production package technology with independentintellectual property rights, which has beensuccessfully applied in the 1.2 Mt/a ethylene revamp andexpansion project at the Daqing Petrochemical Complex（DPC）.     

Recent Advancements in Petroleum E & P Equipments in China

The role of equipments in oil and gas exploration and development had never been attached with so much importance as that in shale oil and gas boom in the U.S. With the help of massive hydraulic fracturing and horizontal drilling techniques, the U.S., the world＇s No. 1 oil importer even started to dream about energy self-sufficiency with its proudly high production of shale oil and gas from several major shale plays in the country. However, what behind this remarkable achievement are powerful multi-stage hydraulic fracturing machinery and smart tools for directional drilling.     

Current State and Development Trend of Oil Refining Industry in China

Oil quality was upgraded more quickly, and alternative fuels for motor vehicles continued to grow rapidly
（1） Gasoline and diesel were upgraded more quickly.
China enacted specific measures and schedule requirement of oil quality upgrading in 2013. National IV gasoline began to be used throughout the country on January 1, 2014, with sulfur content dropping to 50ppm.     

China＇s Natural Gas Production from 2008 to 2013 （100 million cubic meters）

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Latin America： A Focus Area of China＇s Overseas Oil Development

Chinese oil companies have attached great importance to oil and gas cooperation with Latin American countries. For example, China National Petroleum Corporation （CNPC）, which works in more than 30 countries, also has operations in a number of Latin American countries, including Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Ecuador and Venezuela. CNPC has stepped up its business presence in Latin America through large-scale acquisitions ofoil and gas assets in the region in recent years.     

Oil Giants Performance Mixed in the First Half

Weak demand for oil products hits China＇s oil companies
China＇s big-three oil and natural gas companies PetroChina, Sinopec Corp. and CNOOC Limited reported first-half results in late August that rellected weaker demand for relined products. For exainple, Diesel sales by China Petrochemical Corporation （Sinopec Corp.） and PetroChina, which together supply nearly 90 percent of China＇s market,     

＂The Technology for Production of Bio-jet Fuel via Hydrogenation＂Passed Technical Appraisal of Sinopec Corporation

On November 27, 2014 the research project ＂Technologyfor production of bio-jet fuel via hydrogenation＂, whichwas jointly implemented by the Sinopec＇s RIPP, theSinopec＇s Zhenhai Refining ＆ Chemical Branch Company,the Hangzhou Petrochemical Company, Ltd., SEI,and the Economics ＆ Development Research Institute（EDRI） of SINOPEC Group, had passed the technicalappraisal organized by the Sinopec Science ＆ TechnicalDivision.     

Enlarged Scale of Domestic Syngas-to-EG Unit

正The Shanghai Wuzheng Engineering Technology Limited Liability Company in collaboration with China Huanqiu Contracting and Engineering Corporation will provide the technology and project design to the commercial and engineering scale-up project for manufacture of ethylene glycol(EG)from syngas launched by the Zhejiang Rongsheng Holding Group Company.Currently the project     

催化裂化汽油精制装置进料换热器压降增大的原因及应对措施

分析了陕西延长石油(集团)有限责任公司延安石油化工厂180万t/a S-Zorb汽油精制装置进料换热器(E-101)管程压降增长过快的原因并提出了解决问题的办法。结果表明,压降增大过快的原因是E-101严重积炭;E-101积炭严重的原因是原料油中溶解氧的质量分数大幅度增大至(480~620)×10-9,远大于工艺指标要求的不大于100×10-9;溶解氧含量增大的主要原因是上游催化裂化(FCC)汽油贮罐(G 6306)未设置氮封。将原料管输路线调整为全封闭直供(即3套FCC装置生产的汽油不从G 6306等中间储存设备中通过)后,原料油中溶解氧的质量分数下降为(68~80)×10-9,E-101管程压降由500 k Pa下降为66~70 k Pa。     

天然气水合物人工矿体高温分解模拟实验

天然气水合物(以下简称水合物)藏对地质条件的变化较为敏感,微弱波动即可造成水合物藏被破坏。为研究水合物藏在温度突变下的分解过程,在水合物三维成藏物模实验系统(装置主体为32 MPa高压反应釜,反应釜内部由5个温度传感器和30个电阻率探测电极构成空间点阵)中合成了100 L的人工水合物矿体,测定了水合物矿体在外界温度升高到295 K后其内部温度、电阻率的变化情况,并以此为基础分析了水合物薇在温度发生突变以后的演化行为。实验结果表明:①人工水合物矿体在环境温度升高后会迅速分解(经过600 h才生成并达到稳定的矿体仅需38 h即可完全分解),通过监测实验过程中介质温度和电阻率变化,可以对分解过程中的分解量、分解速度进行考察;②分解过程中,电阻率变化受水合物饱和度、孔隙水盐度以及地层位置的影响,其中,水合物饱和度较高的区域发生少量分解时,由于孔隙水被稀释会导致电阻率上升;③对于海底水合物藏,当发生持续、显著的温度变化后,其气体组分、赋存方式等均会发生明显改变。     

低渗气藏启动压力梯度实验研究及分析

低渗砂岩具有低孔、低渗特征,气体渗流过程存在启动压力梯度。目前,低渗储层启动压力梯度测定方法尚不统一,且定量描述方面研究较为欠缺。采用渗流法和气泡法各对一组低渗岩心进行了启动压力梯度测试,并对测试结果进行了对比分析。运用多元回归方法,提出了一种考虑多因素的启动压力梯度预测模型。利用预测模型建立了某低渗区块启动压力梯度经验公式,并通过另一组岩心实测值进行了公式验证。结果表明:启动压力梯度分别与岩心渗透率和含水饱和度呈幂函数关系,其值随渗透率的增加而减小,随含水饱和度的增加而增加;气泡法启动压力梯度测试值较渗流法测试值大,且差值随渗透率的增加而减小,随含水饱和度的增加而增加;含水饱和度对气泡法测试结果影响更为明显;提出的模型预测精度较高,对启动压力梯度定量描述具有一定的参考价值。     

中上扬子海相页岩电阻率异常成因分析

文中以中上扬子地台下寒武统及上奥陶统—下志留统海相页岩钻井岩心样品为代表,从页岩本身及内部液态流体特征2个方面,对造成同一层位页岩电阻率差异悬殊的原因进行了系统分析。结果表明:受制于导电性矿物质量分数相对较低及页岩较高的成岩变质作用,页岩成分及液态流体因素对电阻率的影响有限;含气性较好、电阻率较高的页岩,在扫描电镜下普遍出现了具有白色光亮环带形状的荷电现象,环带与页岩孔缝密切相关,均位于不同颗粒接触部位或微裂隙上;为此,提出了"荷电缝"的概念。进一步分析认为,荷电缝的普遍存在大大改善了页岩的微观孔隙结构,降低了页岩的导电性能,因而它是决定页岩电阻率的主要因素。页岩电阻率与孔、渗的正相关关系印证了这一现象的存在。     

Methanol Separation by Integrated Membrane Can Increase Output without Increase in Material Consumption

正The high-efficiency technology for methanol separation via integrated membrane at the Shanxi Coal Chemical Company has been successfully applied to the internals of methanol separator.The outcome of unit operation for more than one year has revealed that this technology not only has solved the problem of high methanol content in