Gd0.8Sr0.2 CoO3-Sm0.2Ce0.80 O1.9复合阴极制备及性能研究

为探索适于中温条件下使用的固体氧化物燃料电池的阴极材料,用固相反应法制备了Gd0.8Sr0.2CoO3(GSC)阴极粉体,用X射线衍射考察了GSC的成相温度.采用丝网印刷法将GSC-(Sm2O3)0.1(CeO2)0.8(SDC)沉积在SDC电解质圆片上,制成对称阴极,在不同温度下烧结.用交流阻抗谱从500～750℃测量了GSC-SDC复合阴极和SDC电解质之间的界面电阻.结果表明,GSC-SDC复合阴极的界面电阻比GSC阴极降低了3～5倍;750℃时,GSC-SDC阴极的界面电阻仅为0.15Ω·cm2.     

LSM-SDC复合阴极微结构及其界面电阻

以Sm_0.2Ce_0.8O_1.90(SDC)为电解质, 用交流阻抗谱研究了烧结温度和原料粉体制备过程等因素对复合阴极[50wt%(La_0.85Sr_0.15)_0.9 MnO_3-δ(LSM)+50wt% SDC] 的界面电阻的影响. LSM⁺甘氨酸法制备的SDC和LSM⁺共沉淀法制备的SDC的复合阴极对应界面电阻最小时的烧结温度分别为1200和1250℃; 800℃时, 它们的最小界面电阻分别为0.78?和0.35Ω·². 用扫描电子显微镜观察两种不同复合阴极微结构, 发现其微结构与原料粉体的形貌有着密切的关系, 而微结构又同时决定了阴极?的界面电阻和电导率.     

中温固体氧化物燃料电池的Ag-YSB复合阴极

用草酸盐共沉淀法制备了Y0 25Bi0.75O1.5(YSB),用X-ray衍射方法考察了其成相温度,用交流阻抗法测试了其电导率.与Ag复合制成复合阴极,研究了烧结温度对复合阴极微结构的影响.同时以Sm0.2Ce0.8O1.9(SDC)为电解质,用交流阻抗法研究YSB含量对复合阴极界面阻抗的影响.用草酸盐共沉淀制备的YSB粉,其电导率比SDC大得多.Ag-YSB复合阴极疏松多孔,Ag-YSB与SDC的界面结合良好,形成了足够多的三相界面,降低了界面极化电阻.YSB有一个最佳添加量,电阻最小,即电极界面性能最高.YSB的过量添加损坏Ag相的连续性,降低氧的还原转化速度,使界面的电阻增大.     

纳米结构LSCF-SDC复合阴极的制备及其氧还原机理研究

利用浸渍法制备了La_0.6Sr_0.4Co_0.8Fe_0.2O_3-δ(LSCF)/Ce_0.8Sm_0.2O_1.9(SDC)纳米复合阴极, 利用XRD、SEM对阴极的相组成及微观结构进行了分析。LSCF前驱体在800℃煅烧4 h后获得平均颗粒尺寸为50 nm的纯LSCF相。测试了在不同LSCF浸渍量及氧分压条件下阴极的阻抗谱, 研究了O₂在LSCF/SDC复合阴极的还原机制及LSCF的浸渍量对复合阴极性能的影响。研究结果表明, 在浸渍法制备的LSCF/SDC纳米复合阴极中, O₂在阴极的还原反应涉及到O₂在阴极表面的吸附与解离、O^2-在阴极体内的传输及O^2-在电极与电解质的界面之间的传输三个子过程, 其中O^2-在阴极体内的传输为O₂的还原反应的速率控制步骤。改变LSCF在阴极的浸渍量并没有改变O^2-在复合阴极的反应机制, 阴极极化电阻随LSCF浸渍量的增加先减小再增大, 浸渍相的体积分数为16.5%时, 阴极极化电阻最小。     

固体氧化物燃料电池多层复合阴极的制备及性能研究

为了改善固体氧化物燃料电池的阴极热循环性能,采用喷涂方法在Ce0.8Sm0.2O1.9（SDC）电解质片的表面制备了La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3（LSCF）-（SDC）3层复合阴极,各层LSCF所占比例依次为40%、70%和100%（质量分数）.X射线衍射结果表明,LSCF与SDC无明显的反应.每层材料的热膨胀系数随LSCF含量的增加而增大,电阻率随LSCF含量的增加而下降.SEM观测证明阴极呈现多孔的微结构,且与电解质表面接触良好.在中温（500～800℃）测得的阴极极化曲线和阻抗谱结果表明,多层阴极材料具有比单层LSCF阴极更好的电化学性能和热循环稳定性,5次热循环后性能衰退从58%下降到12%.     

中温固体氧化物燃料电池Ag-BSB阴极材料制备及性能表征

为发展中温固体氧化物燃料电池阴极材料,固相反应法制备了 Bi0.89Ba0.11O1.445(BSB)粉,用 X- ray衍射方法考察了其成相温度,表明在700℃烧 5h,已基本成β 斜方六面体结构。并与 Ag 复合制成复合阴极,研究了烧结温度对复合阴极微结构的影响。同时以Sm0.2Ce0.8O1.9(SDC)为电解质,用交流阻抗法研究BSB含量对复合阴极的界面阻抗的影响发现,50%(体积分数)BSB时,界面阻抗最小,在650℃和 700℃时分别为0.32Ω·cm2 和 0.12Ω·cm2,比 Ag基其它复合阴极材料如Ag -SDC,Ag- YSZ的界面极化电阻要小得多。     

La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3-δ基固体氧化物电解池复合阳极的制备及性能

采用丝网印刷工艺制备了带有SDC阻挡层的固体氧化物电解池La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3-δ(LSCF)基复合阳极,利用动电位扫描及电化学阻抗谱分析考察了该材料在800℃时的电化学性能,电化学阻抗谱的研究表明,O2-在电极发生氧化反应生成O2的反应速率由电极/阻挡层界面的电荷转移、阻挡层/电解质界面的电荷转移以及氧气的解离吸附或在电极表面的扩散等三个电极过程控制.扫描电镜分析表明,经过长时间的电化学测试及升降温,阻挡层与电解质及复合电极部分均结合紧密,无缺陷.通过与传统的LSM-YSZ复合阳极的极化性能的对比,显示出LSCF材料在SOEC阳极领域良好的应用前景.     

基于La_(0.6)Sr_(0.4)CoO_(3-δ)原位成相的中温固体氧化物燃料电池梯度阴极制备与表征

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备出匀质、比表面积高的La0.6Sr0.4CoO3-δ(LSC)阴极前驱体粉体以及其与Ce0.8Gd0.2O2-δ(CGO)的复合阴极粉体,并通过TGA、XRD和BET等手段对粉体进行表征;结果表明:LSC阴极前驱体经在高温氩气中煅烧和在空气中850℃退火2 h后能够完成成相,这相应于功能梯度阴极的制备和SOFC电池堆工作前的退火条件,LSC/CGO和LSC分别沉积在NiO/YSZ阳极支撑的SOFC半电池CGO阴极阻挡层上,功能梯度阴极在氩气中分别在900、950、1000℃温度下进行烧结,SEM和EDX分析发现功能梯度阴极与CGO阻挡层结合良好,但SrZrO2可在YSZ-CGO界面层中形成。LSC原位成相后的单电池性能测试表明,输出性能随着烧结温度的降低而提高,相比而言900℃为最佳烧结温度。     

固体氧化物燃料电池梯度复合阴极材料的制备及性能研究

用喷涂方法在Ce0.8Sm0.2O1.9（SDC）电解质上制备梯度复合阴极,通过X射线衍射（XRD）测试,确定了复合材料Sm0.5Sr0.5CoO3（SSC）-Ce0.8Sm0.2O1.9（SDC）的物相组成;SEM结果表明,阴极呈现多孔的微结构,且与电解质表面接触良好.每层材料的热膨胀系数随着SSC含量的增加而增大,而电阻率随着SSC含量的增加而下降.对梯度复合阴极材料的电化学性能进行了测试,结果表明：梯度复合阴极材料具有比单层SSC阴极材料更好的电化学活性.     

双钙钛矿Sr2CoFeO5+δ阴极材料的制备及其中温固体氧化物燃料电池性能研究(英文)

随着操作温度降低,中温固体氧化物燃料电池(IT-SOFCs)需要更高催化活性的阴极材料来提升电池性能。为此,本研究采用溶胶-凝胶法合成了双钙钛矿Sr₂CoFeO_5+δ(SCF)阴极材料,并探讨了SCF阴极与摩尔分数20%Sm₂O₃掺杂的CeO₂(SDC)进行不同比例的复合对电极性能的影响,优化了电极的化学膨胀和面积比电阻(ASR),进而提升了SOFC单电池的电化学性能。结果表明,SCF作为SOFC阴极,经950℃退火10 h后与普通电解质具有良好的化学相容性;其中,SCF与SDC按照质量比1:1复合的样品可以将纯SCF样品的平均热膨胀系数(TEC)从2.44×10^-5 K^-1显著降到15.4×10^-5 K^-1。此外,SCF-xSDC(x=20,30,40,50,x为SDC的质量分数)复合阴极的ASR在800℃下分别低至0.036、0.034、0.028和0.092Ω·cm²     

Photostriction of CH3NH3PbBr3 Perovskite Crystals

Organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite materials exhibit a variety of physical properties. Pronounced coupling between phonon, organic cations, and the inorganic framework suggest that these materials exhibit strong light–matter interactions. The photoinduced strain of CH₃NH₃PbBr₃ is investigated using high‐resolution and contactless in situ Raman spectroscopy. Under illumination, the material exhibits large blue shifts in its Raman spectra that indicate significant structural deformations (i.e., photostriction). From these shifts, the photostrictive coefficient of CH₃NH₃PbBr₃ is calculated as 2.08 × 10^?8 m² W^?1 at room temperature under visible light illumination. The significant photostriction of CH₃NH₃PbBr₃ is attributed to a combination of the photovoltaic effect and translational symmetry loss of the molecular configuration via strong translation–rotation coupling. Unlike CH₃NH₃PbI₃, it is noted that the photostriction of CH₃NH₃PbBr₃ is extremely stable, demonstrating no signs of optical decay for at least 30 d. These results suggest the potential of CH₃NH₃PbBr₃ for applications in next‐generation optical micro‐electromechanical devices.     

Constitution of the Ni3Cr-Ni3Al-Ni3W system

Isothermal sections of the Ni-Cr-Al-W system have been investigated at 75 at % Ni and temperatures of 1523 and 1273 K, by means of phase compositional analysis, X-ray diffraction and microscopical examination. The alloys studied lay in the range 2.5 to 10 at % Cr, 12.5 to 20 at% Al, 2.5 to 6.25 at % W, The phases formed were, and the bcc solid solution based on tungsten (designated ₂). The maximum extent of the region was found to be 3 at % each of chromium and tungsten. Preferential partitioning of tungsten to occurred. Study of an Ni-10Cr-12.5Al-2.5W alloy aged at 1273 and 1073 K, after quenching from 1573 K, showed that changes in and compositions and lattice parameters occur as a function of ageing time.     

(La2/3Ca1/3)(Mn(3-x)/3)Fex/3)O3体系磁电阻行为的研究

通过系统地测量（La_2/3Ca_1/3）（Mn_{（3-x）／3}Fe_x／3）O₃（x＝0、0.1、0．2、0．3的体系样品的电阻率-温度关系以及一定温度下磁电阻率与磁场的关系,发现随x的变化其磁电阻率峰和电阻率峰均发生位移,磁电阻率峰值增大,并伴生磁电阻率峰展宽效应．作者认为由于Fe的替代,引起体系中Mn³⁺／Mn⁴⁺比率及磁矩的变化,加之外场对磁有序结构的调制作用,从而影响了Mn³⁺－O^－Mn⁴⁺的双交换作用,最终导致磁电阻行为发生变化．     

PbZrO3-CdTiO3 solid solutions

The structural, nonlinear optical, and dielectric properties of (1-x)PbZrO₃ ·xtCdTiO₃ solid solutions were studied. The phase relations in the composition rangesx = 0–0.3 and 0.85-1.0 were established. The results suggest that the ferrielectric ordering in CdTiO₃ persists up to 730 K.     

3 Cr3 Mo3 VNb 在热冲孔中的应用研究

高合金钢热冲孔冲头寿命关系到模具与产品成本、生产效率、自动化设备的使用,因此,应注重冲头的选材、材料制备与冲头制造工艺。 用 3 Cr3Mo3 VNb 作为高合金钢热冲孔冲头,为提高模具寿命,在材料制备上,优化了成分,采用电渣重熔冶炼,减少杂质,毛坯锻造两次,用大锻造比锻造,冲头热处理用真空炉,三次回火,热处理硬度取 HRC42 ~ 46 ,冲头表面处理采用镀铬工艺,开展了热冲孔工艺试验。 结果表明,用3 Cr3Mo3 VNb 可使冲孔冲头寿命平均达到 800 件以上。     

Phase equilibria in the system LaMnO3 + δ-SrMnO3-LaFeO3-SrFeO3 − d

We have revealed the formation of a continuous series of orthorhombic LaMn_{1 ? y} Fe_yO₃ solid solutions (0<y<1); La_{1 ? x} Sr_xFeO₃ solid solutions in the composition range 0 < x ≤ 0.8, with an orthorhombic structure at 0 < x ≤ 0.6 and a cubic structure at 0.6 < x ≤ 0.8; and a tetragonal SrMn_{1 ? y} Fe_yO₃ phase in the range 0.6 ≤ y ≤ 1. The composition stability limits of the perovskite phase La_{1 ? x} Sr_xMn_{1 ? y} Fe_yO₃ have been determined, and the 1100°C isotherm of the La₂O₃-SrO-Mn₃O₄-Fe₂O₃ system in air has been constructed.     

Multicolor up-conversion emissions of Tm3+/Er3+/Yb3+ tri-doped YF3 phosphors

Tm3+/Er3+/Yb3+ tri-doped yttrium fluoride (YF3) phosphors were prepared by a facile hydrothermal method. X-ray topographic analysis found that the phosphors were crystallized products. Their sizes and morphologies were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM, Hitachi S-4800), which indicated that most of the YF3 phosphors were hundreds of nanometers in size. Up-conversion (UC) spectra were recorded under 980-nm diode laser excitation at room temperature with a fluorescence spectrometer (Hitachi F-4500). Plenty of UC emissions of Tm3+ and Er3+ were observed from ultraviolet to red. For Tm3+ ions, a five-photon process (approximately 291 nm and approximately 347 nm), a four-photon process (approximately 362 nm and approximately 452 nm), and a three-photon process (approximately 475 nm) were identified in the UC spectra. The UC emissions from the Er3+ were: approximately 380 nm, approximately 408 nm, approximately 521 nm, approximately 537 nm, and approximately 652 nm. Therefore, cyan-white light can be observed by the naked eye at 980-nm excitation, even under low excitation power density. By comparing the UC spectra of the phosphors annealed at different temperatures, we found that the intensity of the UC luminescence increased as annealing temperature increased. Furthermore, the spectral dependencies on Tm3+ doped concentrations were studied. The energy transfer processes and fluorescence dynamics in the tri-doped system are currently being investigated.