中国科学院核能安全技术研究所·FDS团队

<正>中国科学院核能安全技术研究所·FDS团队是以中国科学院核能安全技术研究所为依托、与国内外多家科研机构密切合作建立的多学科交叉先进核能研究团队,主要从事先进核能系统设计及相关技术研究工作,研究领域涉及中子物理与临界安全、核材料与设备安全、核热工与事故、核系统运行与控制安全、辐射防护与环境影响评价、核能软件与仿真、可靠性与概率安全、核技术应用、核能化学与安全、核应急与核文化等。     

抗肿瘤药物研究与开发

本书从与新药研究、开发和应用密切相关的4个方面入手进行阐述。包括：①研究现状与发展趋向。对于肿瘤药物治疗与抗肿瘤新药研究相关的基础和临床领域的研究现状与发展趋向进行较全面的概括与探讨；②药物靶点与筛选方法。对于抗肿瘤药物分子靶点的理论依据及其检测方法进行较深入的介绍与讨论；③药物来源与研制技术。对于药物筛选样品的来源与制备技术进行阐述，同时专门设置章节介绍了与药物研制中密切相关的网络资源；     

先进核能系统设计分析软件与数据库研发进展

参照聚变系统设计研究而获得的实际需求,FDS团队基于现代信息技术发展了一系列先进核能系统设计分析软件与数据库,包括自动建模、物理与工程计算、虚拟仿真与可视化、系统工程与安全分析、数据库及其管理软件等。通过这些软件的发展,促进核科学技术和信息技术学科的深度交叉,探索发展核信息学与技术的途径。本文简要介绍团队开发的各种设计与分析软件的基本发展思路、主要功能与特点、涉及的关键算法与技术以及实际测试与应用情况。     

2010中国上海国际同位素与辐射加工技术设备展览会暨研讨会

<正>中国同位素与辐射技术的研究与应用已有五十多年的发展历史,经历了开创时期、研究开发时期、应用与产业化发展时期。九十年代在"改革开放、科教兴国"与可持续发展战略方针指导下,中国同位素与辐     

深刻认识核与辐射安全规律努力提高核与辐射安全水平

叙述了核与辐射安全的历史、现状和发展。强调应当深刻认识核与辐射安全规律，全面做好核与辐射安全工作，努力提高核与辐射安全水平。     

2010中国上海国际同位素与辐射加工技术设备展览会暨研讨会

<正>批准单位:中华人民共和国上海市商务委员会主办单位:中国核学会上海市核学会江苏省核学会浙江省核学会长三角辐射加工联席会中国同位素与辐射技术的研究与应用已有五十多年的发展历史,经历了开创时期、研究开发时期、应用与产业化发展时期。九十年代在"改革开放、科教兴国"与可持续发展战略方针指导下,中国同位素与辐射技术在产业化发展方面取得了突出的进步与明显的成绩。由于它自身的技术优势与高度的渗透性,在工     

核与辐射恐怖事件及其应对策略

使用大规模杀伤性武器的“超级恐怖主义”,已成为当代国际社会面临的现实威胁。核与辐射恐怖事件引起放射性物质的释放,将导致人员伤亡和心理恐慌,从而破坏国家公务、民众生活、社会安定与经济发展．它给人类社会造成危害和影响极大,引起世人关注。分析了核与辐射恐怖事件的可能发生方式与危害,以核与辐射恐怖事件的三大类别与典型情景为背景,提出了核与辐射恐怖事件的应对策略。     

裂变径迹火花自动计数与分析系统

本文描述了研制的裂变径迹火花自动计数与分析系统的工作原理与特点,应用该系统对某些天然水样的铀含量进行了测量与分析,并与显微镜测量结果进行了比较。     

分子核医学研究进展

简要介绍了分子核医学的基础理论，重点阐述了分子核宾前沿领域；代谢显像与血流量显像，放射免疫显像与放射免疫治疗，放射受体显像与受体介导治疗以及放射基因显像与放射基因治疗。     

核电厂蒸汔发生器制造中的安全问题

核电厂蒸汽发生器的制造质量有助于提高其安全可靠性.本文介绍了管子与管板接头的焊接与胀接,封头与锥形筒体的锻造,堆焊与接管安全端异种钢的焊接,防振条结构工艺,管板深孔加工以及制造中其他与安全有关的工艺等.     

油气工业中放射性废物的处理和处置

油气的开采会产生大量的放射性废物,对放射性废物的处理与处置事关公众和环境的辐射安全问题。本文从油气工业放射性废物的源项和存在形式等特征出发,对放射性废物的临时贮存、污染设备的去污及放射性废物的处理、处置过程中涉及的技术方法和相关管理要求进行了介绍,为实践中选择合理可行的处理、处置方案以及建立油气工业放射性废物监管体系提供借鉴和参考。     

Dynamic analysis and evolution of mixed materials bombarded with multiple ions beams

Materials modification and response to the impact of energetic particles is an important ongoing research area in several applications. This includes both experimental and theoretical work. We updated and improved our models for the simulation of Ion Transport in Materials and Compounds (ITMC-DYN), part of HEIGHTS package, to now include dynamic changing of materials composition as result of multiple ion beams bombardment and target atoms mixing, segregation, and diffusion. Implemented models consider detail processes of simultaneous and multiple ions penetration and mixing, scattering, reflection, physical and chemical sputtering of composite material atoms, dynamic surface evolution/modification, thermal diffusion, and surface segregation and recombination of species in multicomponent alloys. For benchmarking of the models we compared our simulations results with several recent experimental data for nanoapplications and for the developments of future fusion energy systems. Simulation of tungsten surface evolution and modification under the impact of hydrogen ions with carbon impurities demonstrated good agreement with recent experiments. Details of surface erosion and conditions for blisters formation as a function of fluence and material temperature were also analyzed and explained.     

Safety functions and component classification for the HTR-10

In the design and construction of the HTR-10, the standards and criteria of design and manufacture for structures, systems and components must be defined. This paper refers to the relative nuclear safety codes to formulate the principles of safety classification and the relative requirements of design and manufacture, according to the safety philosophy and feature of the HTR-10, and the requirements for safety functions of structures, systems and components. We can find practical use and application meaning of this work in the design and manufacture of the HTR-10. It will be used to ensure the safety and reliability of the HTR-10.     

Developments and needs in nuclear analysis of fusion technology

Nuclear analyses provide essential input to the conceptual design, optimisation, engineering and safety case of fusion technology in current experiments, ITER, next-step devices and power plant studies. Calculations are intricate and computer-intensive, typically requiring detailed geometry models, sophisticated acceleration algorithms, high-performance parallel computations, and coupling of large and complex transport and activation codes and databases. This paper reports progress on some key areas in the development of tools and methods to meet the specific needs of fusion nuclear analyses. In particular, advances in the production and modernisation of reference models, in the preparation and quality assurance of acceleration algorithms and coupling schemes, and in the evaluation and adaptation of alternative transport codes are presented. Emphasis is given to ITER-relevant activities, which are the main driver of advances in the field. Discussion is made of the importance of efforts in these and other areas, considering some of the more pressing needs and requirements. In some cases, they call for a more efficient and coordinated use of the scarce resources available.     

The Role of Atomic Collisions in Space Phenomena

Collisions involving electrons, photons, and atomic systems are important in upper atmospheric and astrophysical phenomena and in the exploration of space. Some of these types of reactions are enumerated and described. Examples are given of their significance with respect to diffusion in the atmosphere; radio communications and radar tracking; the excitation and study of the airglow and aurorae; the Van Allen radiation belts; estimation of densities, composition, and temperatures of nebulae and stellar atmospheres; the mapping of hydrogen in interstellar space; and the erosion of space vehicles and planets. Some of the work at the Georgia Institute of Technology on ion mobilities, ion-molecule reactions, ionization, and charge transfer is described.     

湖南省2016年度临床核医学和放射治疗频度调查与分析

为了了解湖南省临床核医学和放射治疗的基本现状与其相应的频度水平,采用普查与抽样调查相结合的形式,对湖南地区所有开展临床核医学和放射治疗的医疗机构进行基本情况调查,对抽样医院进行分性别、年龄段及诊疗类型的频次调查。结果表明,湖南省临床核医学诊断与治疗年频率分别为1.37和0.139人次/千人口,放射治疗年频率为0.412人次/千人口。与1998年进行的全省医疗照射频度调查进行对比,湖南省临床核医学和放射治疗的频度水平有大幅度的增长,并且随着社会经济的发展必将继续增加。做好患者与工作人员的放射防护,做好诊断和治疗过程中的质量控制是需重点关注的问题。     

Radiation survey of radioactive objects at the Kirovo-Chepetsk chemical combine

The methods and means for performing a radiation survey of objects and grounds of the Kirovo-Chepetsk Chemical Combine are presented. Results of a survey of rooms in the combine and measurements of soil contamination levels on the grounds and of the specific activity of samples of radioactive wastes in temporary repositories and slag dumps are presented. The surveys make it possible to develop a concept and a project for rehabilitating these objects and grounds and to choose a technology for handling radioactive wastes during liquidation or preservation of repositories.     

Compatibility of fuel-element cladding materials with gallium-containing uranium and uranium–plutonium oxide fuel

Powders of uranium oxide powder and mixed fuel containing 5 and 20 mass % plutonium and 0.4 and 5 mass % gallium were prepared by coprecipitation from nitrate solutions. Pelleted samples for testing were made by cold pressing and sintering. The compatibility of uranium oxide fuel and mixed uranium–plutonium fuel, containing 0.4 and 5 mass % gallium, with the zirconium alloy E-110 at 400 and 500°C and ChS-68 corrosion-resistant steel at 650 and 750°C over periods of 1000, 2000, and 3000 h was investigated. Metallographic and x-ray spectral microprobe analyses of diffusion samples established that there was no interaction and penetration of gallium into the zirconium alloy and steel. In addition, the diffusion coefficient of metallic gallium in zirconium alloy and the distribution of the elements on interaction of gallium with ChS-68 steel were evaluated.     

Hastelloy C-276/316L脉冲激光异质焊接微观组织研究

为评价激光焊接AP1000部件工艺的可靠性,探究Hastelloy C-276与316L异质焊接焊缝的元素偏析及组织结构,利用Nd:YAG脉冲激光进行焊接,借助光学显微镜和电子探针X射线微区分析仪等分析测试仪器,对焊缝显微组织、元素成分及金相形貌进行分析。结果表明：焊缝组织晶粒细化,焊缝中部以细小等轴晶为主、边缘以柱状晶为主,且焊接接头两侧热影响区极窄;依据元素宏观分布,焊缝可分为3个区域,焊缝两侧元素成分急剧变化,中部均匀;元素存在微观偏析,晶界处Mo元素富集。焊缝组织以γ奥氏体为主,并未发现明显δ铁素体生成。     

Crack growth and fracture behaviour of pipes with circumferential defects under internal pressure and superimposed alternating bending load

Pipes made of 20 MnMoNi 5 5 steel and an MnMoNiV special melt, with an external diameter of 800 mm, wall thickness of 47 mm and length of up to 5500 mm, were provided with circumferential defects of defined length and depth. The pipes were loaded by internal pressure and a superimposed alternating bending moment. During the tests, deformation and crack growth were determined in the wall thickness and circumferential direction, and these were compared with calculated values. Pipes with an outer diameter of 226 mm and a wall thickness of 20 mm were used to investigate the leak-before-break behaviour in the dynamic sphere. These pipes also were made of 20 MnMoNi 5 5 steel and an MnMoNiV special melt, and were loaded with internal pressure and an alternating bending moment. The excitation took place at the resonance frequency of the pipes. The pipes also contained circumferential defects of defined length and depth.