基于应变能密度的X12CrMoWVNbN10-1-1钢的蠕变-疲劳寿命预测模型

根据应力控制下对X12CrMoWVNbN10-1-1钢进行的蠕变-疲劳试验来验证基于应变能密度的蠕变-疲劳寿命预测模型,并对620℃下X12CrMoWVNbN10-1-1钢的弹性应变、塑性应变和蠕变应变进行分析。结果表明:在蠕变-疲劳交互作用下X12CrMoWVNbN10-1-1钢的损伤过程包括3个阶段;一次循环稳定阶段的平均应变能密度与总应变能密度成反比,而总应变能密度与蠕变-疲劳寿命成正比,可选择稳定阶段应变能密度的表达式来预测蠕变-疲劳寿命;在应力控制下X12CrMoWVNbN10-1-1钢的短时保载蠕变-疲劳试验同样可以预测长时保载的蠕变-疲劳寿命,意味着基于应变能密度的蠕变-疲劳寿命预测模型对于X12CrMoWVNbN10-1-1钢也适用。     

某涡轮叶片热-机械疲劳寿命预测与试验验证

为了得到某燃气轮机涡轮叶片关键截面的真实寿命,设计并开展了涡轮叶片热-机械疲劳试验,获得了真实寿命数据,并基于试验结果提出了一种涡轮叶片低周疲劳与蠕变疲劳交互的寿命预测方法。首先,采用一维线弹性关系、修正公式以及循环应力应变关系3种名义应力应变处理模型计算获得了名义应变;然后,利用SWT寿命关系式预测模型预测了叶片的热-机械疲劳寿命;再将预测寿命与试验获得的真实寿命进行对比分析。研究表明：对于某型燃气轮机涡轮叶片,基于SWT预测模型的循环应力应变关系方法相比于一维线弹性关系和修正公式法预测精度最高,与试验寿命相比,预测误差在4倍分散带之内。     

超超临界汽轮机转子X12CrMoWVNbB10-1-1钢棘轮效应的试验研究

以超超临界汽轮机转子材料X12CrMoWVNbB10-1-1钢为对象,研究了在蠕变疲劳栽荷下该材料的棘轮效应,探讨了在高温环境下不同峰值保持时间对棘轮效应的影响以及蠕变和棘轮之间的交互作用,并分析了棘轮效应的存在对寿命评估的影响.结果表明:保持时间会影响纯交变载荷下产生的非弹性应变循环累积εR1,在较低保持时间时,εR1不会出现安定现象,从而抑制了保持时间段内产生的蠕变应变循环累积εR2的演化;εR2对材料寿命的影响可以归类为与时间有关的蠕变损伤;提出采用εR1和循环塑性应变之和来度量棘轮应变εR1的损伤;针对不同的损伤机制,利用分区分析的方法可以进行精确的寿命评估.     

金属蠕变疲劳寿命预估模型研究进展

高温变载荷作用下的构件易发生蠕变疲劳损伤断裂,严重影响设备的安全运行.蠕变疲劳交互作用下的寿命预测是材料结构完整性的重要要素.综述了影响金属蠕变疲劳寿命的因素,并基于线性累积损伤法、延性耗损法、Manson-coffin方程、频率修正法与频率分离法、平均应变速率寿命预测模型、延性耗竭模型、能量守恒蠕变疲劳交互寿命模型、...     

30Cr1Mo1V转子钢的蠕变特性

对30Cr1Mo1V转子钢在540℃和565℃下进行了有中断的蠕变试验研究，应力范围为240-320MPa，得到了蠕变过程中损伤因子和蠕变寿命分数之间的关系。通过蠕变试验后试样维氏硬度的检测和蠕变过程中硬度对蠕变断裂性能的影响分析，提出了蠕变断裂Larson-Miller公式的硬度修正公式，并对其有效性进行了检验。结果表明：在Larson-Miller参数值大于18000时，修正值与实际值比较一致；而在小于该值时相差较大。此外，还研究了损伤和Larson-Miller数之间的关系。     

高温环境下蠕变疲劳交互作用损伤力学研究

应力控制下的疲劳、蠕变及其交互作用损伤实际上是循环蠕变、静蠕变引起的材料延性不断耗竭的过程，本文在延性耗竭理论和损伤力学有效应力概念的基础上．对疲劳蠕变交互作用损伤演化进行了研究，提出了一个新的疲劳蠕变交互作用损伤模型．采用非弹性应变能密度变化作为损伤参量定义损伤变量。通过耐热钢1.25Cr0.5Mo光滑试样高温环境下应力控制的梯形波加载试验．验证上述疲劳蠕变交互作用模型，最终得到了1.25Cr0.5Mo钢540℃下不同最大应力、不同应力幅组合条件下的损伤演化统一表达式，试验损伤点与该模型的损伤演化规律符合较好．表明该模型和损伤变量适合于疲劳蠕变交互作用下的损伤描述．     

核电汽轮机末级长叶片材料的疲劳性能研究

为了掌握核电汽轮机末级长叶片材料1Cr12Ni3Mo2VN的疲劳性能,开展了低周疲劳试验研究,测试了材料的疲劳循环响应特性、循环应力-应变曲线和应变-寿命曲线,比较了不同疲劳寿命预测模型的预测结果.结果 表明:叶片材料在循环寿命的绝大部分期间都保持非常稳定的应力应变状态,仅在循环寿命初期表现出一定的循环软化特征;作为一...     

新的蠕变-疲劳耦合损伤下活塞热-机疲劳寿命预测方法

建立了一种新的蠕变-疲劳非线性耦合损伤下铸铝合金材料热-机疲劳寿命预测模型,开展了铸铝合金材料力学性能与蠕变-疲劳试验测试,对寿命预测模型进行了验证.其次,对比活塞热-机耦合有限元计算结果与温度场测试结果,对有限元模型进行了验证.最后,用新的热-机疲劳寿命预测模型对活塞的热-机疲劳寿命进行了预测.结果表明：新的蠕变-疲劳寿命预测模型预测结果均位于2倍误差带内,该模型具备良好的寿命预测能力;活塞热-机蠕变-疲劳耦合损伤中蠕变损伤占比较大,约为53.9%;活塞热-机蠕变-疲劳耦合损伤关键区域位于活塞销座与加强肋连接处,活塞在热-机载荷耦合作用下的热-机疲劳循环寿命为4 290,满足可靠性要求.     

304型不锈钢蠕变-疲劳损伤预测和剩余寿命评定

前言最近几年来,火力发电厂延长寿命的紧迫问题是对用于高温、长时的结构材料的损伤预测和剩余寿命评定。高温服役的材料,不仅承受纯蠕变或纯疲劳损伤,而且还承受机械应力和热应力造成的更复杂的蠕变—疲劳交互作用损伤。由于蠕变或疲劳作用下断裂和变形具有不旧样式,所以在蠕变—疲劳交互作用下的剩余寿命及损伤的精确评定相当复杂。为了精确评定蠕变—疲劳损伤,设法使用一些有损和无损试验方法,然而至     

蠕变-疲劳交互作用的寿命计算方法

对蠕变疲劳交互作用下的寿命计算方法进行了介绍。这些方法包括单轴和多轴下蠕变疲劳交互作用下的寿命估算模型，交互作用下裂纹扩展计算模型，非零平均应变下的寿命计算模型，以及损伤力学方法等。     

小型锅炉烟尘测试时锅炉出力的计算

锅炉烟尘测试时,必须对锅炉出力进行测试。但监测中,许多小型锅炉往往不具备相关的计量装置和仪表,为解决这一问题,文章提出了用烟气量和空气过剩系数来计算锅炉的出力的公式,在实际使用中,该方法简单易行,其结果和实测值具有很好的一致怀。     

Unerroric of control of mutual compliance of the efficiency of hydrogen engines of unmanned vehicles in the conditions of mass production

The issues related to the reliability of hydrogen engines of unmanned vehicles and increasing the efficiency of using hydrogen as fuel when using the method of its production during the decomposition of hydrogen-containing molecules of liquid-phase organic compounds in a plasma discharge under the action of intense ultrasonic exposure are considered. Experiments have shown that as a result of decomposition in the acoustoplasma discharge of liquid hydrocarbons, solid-phase carbon-containing products are formed, chemical transformations occur in the liquid phase and hydrogen-containing combustible gas is formed. Hydrogen-containing gas can be used as fuel immediately after synthesis, i.e. it does not require separation, since in addition to hydrogen it contains only impurities of CO₂ and water vapor. The purpose of the study is to formalize the basic conditions for tightening the control of mutual compliance with the efficiency of hydrogen engines of the same series in the conditions of their mass production. Methods of mathematical statistics and hardware-software modeling were used in the study. The term “unerroric of quality mutual compliance control” is introduced to describe a set of hardware and software tools for such control. The principle of in-depth testing of the technical condition of such engines of one series is described in a multidimensional formulation of the quality control problem for three of their operating parameters at once. The conditions for increasing the mutual correspondence of the measured values of such parameters in the conditions of serial production of hydrogen engines are formalized.     

中国煤炭地下气化技术的发展

本文综述了煤炭地下汽化技术的国内外发展现状,对我国“长通道、大断面”煤炭地下气化新工艺给予了技术经济评述,并提出了发展煤炭地下汽化技术的政策建议。     

Review of theory of distortion and disintegration of liquid streams

Linear and nonlinear analyses of the instabilities and distortion of liquid streams injected into a gaseous media are discussed. The various fundamental mechanisms and the predictive capabilities for the distortions are emphasized. Round jets, planar sheets, annular sheets, and conical sheets are discussed in detail. The balance between capillary and inertial forces is primarily examined. The method for simplifying the analyses in the case of thin liquid sheets is discussed. The capabilities for representing the droplet size distribution that follows the stream disintegration are outlined.     

MgO膨胀剂细度对MgO水化和水泥浆体膨胀的影响

基于《水工混凝土掺用氧化镁技术规范》中的Ⅰ型氧化镁（MgO）,研究了该型MgO膨胀剂（MEA）细度对掺粉煤灰水泥浆体膨胀性能的影响。即采用X射线衍射分析(XRD)及同步热分析（TG DSC）分析了掺MEA水泥浆体中MgO的水化性。结果表明,养护温度相同时,MEA的细度对水泥浆体内MEA中MgO的水化和水泥浆体的膨胀无显著影响,产生的膨胀均能补偿水泥浆体的收缩;MEA的细度可从试验设计采用的45 μm筛筛余15%左右增加到30%左右,这将有利于MEA生产企业的节能降耗。     

机车车轮多轴疲劳强度安全评定的研究

使用ANSYS8.0软件对高速列车车轮进行了三维有限元分析,计算出车轮在直线、曲线和道岔条件下牵引、制动共6种工况时孔边薄弱部位的应力,分别通过Mises等效平均应力方法、Sines平均主应力方法和应力分量中考虑平均应力方法计算出应力在极值位置时的等效应力幅、等效平均应力,从而进一步算出车轮的安全系数,对其疲劳强度进行评定,并对3种方法进行了比较研究。     

Constructal optimization of the geometry of an array of micro-channels

This paper documents the geometric optimization of an array of circular and non-circular ducts. The optimization was carried out numerically using finite volume method. As optimal dimensions were independent of the array configuration, the numerical simulation was performed on a unit cell. Numerical optimization for circular, square and isosceles right triangle cross-sections of channels was performed. Based on the results of this investigation, some correlations were proposed to predict the optimal hydraulic diameter and dimensionless heat transfer per unit volume. In addition to examining the effect of pressure drop on these parameters, it was showed that among the different geometries of this study, square cross-section has the most efficiency for a given volume. The numerical results of the present study were compared with approximate results reported in the literature which a good agreement was observed.     

固体热辐射Yong性能分析

本文对漫灰均温物体在常物性条件下对外辐射传热的Ｙｏｎｇ值计算建立了数学模型。通过与物体内能Ｙｏｎｇ公式的数值计算比较,得出了辐射能量的Ｙｏｎｇ值不大于内能Ｙｏｎｇ值的结论。从初步的热射Ｙｏｎｇ值计算公式发现。Ｙｏｎｇ与物体表面辐射率有关。     

Measurements of concentration distribution of hydrogen jet using deflection of center of the laser spot

The main purpose of this work is to propose a new method to evaluate the concentration distribution of the hydrogen jet by using a He–Ne laser through the jet. This research attempts to apply the expression of concentration Gaussian distribution, the refraction formula of inhomogeneous refractive index medium, and the concentration inversion function to disclose the displacement of the center of the laser spot at different heights in the gas jet. The spot images of the laser beam passing through the gas jet at three vertical heights z = 10d, 20d, 30d, and different radial positions are obtained. The radial spatial asymmetry of the gas jet is also found in the experiment. Finally, the calculated concentration distribution curve and the fluent simulation curve, it is found that the two results are very similar. Our findings show that the error between the concentration distribution of this method and the simulated concentration distribution reaches 2.43%.     

Heat of vaporization of mixtures

General expressions for the heat of vaporization of mixtures at constant pressure; at constant temperature; and at constant pressure, temperature, and composition are proposed. The last one is related to the liquid-vapor interface where steady vaporization or condensation is taking place. Numerical examples by the proposed expressions are shown for binary mixtures of HCFC22(R22) and (HCFC123(R123) © 1997 Scripta Technica, Inc. Heat Trans Jpn Res, 25(1): 12–24, 1996