X射线辐照后人肝细胞、肝癌细胞存活与端粒酶活性关系的研究

利用X射线对体外培养的人肝癌细胞SMMC-7721和正常人肝细胞HL-7702进行辐照,以细胞克隆形成法测定细胞存活率,多聚酶链式反应银染端粒重复序列扩增法(Telomeric repeat amplification protocol,TRAP-PCR)检测细胞中端粒酶活性变化,探讨辐照后细胞存活与细胞中端粒酶活性变化的关系。结果表明,SMMC-7721和HL-7702细胞的存活率都随辐照剂量的增加而相应降低。在1-4Gy剂量范围内,两种细胞的端粒酶活性变化均呈剂量依赖性增强。但在1Gy、2Gy、3Gy剂量下,SMMC-7721其端粒酶活性较对照(0Gy)细胞低;当辐照剂量达4Gy时,端粒酶活性略高于对照细胞。在1-4Gy剂量范围内,HL-7702和SMMC-7721的细胞存活与端粒酶活性在变化趋势上呈负的关系。     

重离子辐射致肝癌细胞DNA损伤的时间效应初探

以SMMC-7721肝癌细胞为材料，采用单细胞凝胶电泳(Single cell gel electrophoresis，SCGE)实验方法，利用兰州近代物理研究所重离子研究装置(HIRFL)产生的氖离子(80MeV/u^20Ne^10 )，研究重离子对肿瘤细胞DNA的损伤程度随时间的变化情况。结果表明，重离子辐照所致原初损伤与剂量呈线性正相关；继续培养24h内有明显的DNA两次损伤现象。     

12C6+重离子辐照油菜诱变效应研究

用30Gy、90Gy和180Gy12C6 重离子辐照油菜干种子,研究其对油菜M1代的诱变效应.结果表明不同剂量12C6 重离子辐照使油菜的出苗率、株高和开花率有不同程度的提高,并使开花期提早;30Gy辐照使单株角果数和单株产量有了一定程度的提高;三种辐照剂量都造成了花粉生活力、千粒重和含油量的降低.RAPD扩增结果表明,42个随机引物中有13个引物扩增出差异条带,30Gy、90Gy和180Gy引起的RAPD变异率分别为22.1%、23.7%和36.2%.研究表明,12C6 重离子辐射能有效地引起油菜DNA序列发生改变,从而诱导基因变异,为油菜育种提供丰富的种质材料.     

碳离子辐射对人肝癌细胞SMMC-7721细胞周期和P53、MDM2及P21表达的影响

研究^12C^6＋离子辐照对体外培养人肝癌细胞SMMC-7721细胞周期和P53、MDM2及P21表达的影响。采用0、1．0、2．0、4．0、6．0Gy^12C^6＋离子束辐照细胞,用克隆形成法观察细胞存活情况;同时在辐照24h后用流式细胞仪检测细胞周期的变化,Western-blot检测细胞中P53、MDM2及P21蛋白表达情况。结果发现,重离子辐照后细胞存活率显著下降;1．0Gy、4．0Gy和6．0Gy照射组发生G0／G1期阻滞,而2．0Gy照射组出现G2／M期阻滞;Western-blot结果显示细胞辐照后MDM2的57kD蛋白表达水平无明显变化,而76kD蛋白表达水平随辐照剂量逐渐上升;P53和P21蛋白表达水平随辐照剂量增高。以上结果提示不同剂量的^12C^6＋离子束照射可激活SMMC-7721细胞不同的细胞周期检测点,其中G0／G1期阻滞与P53和P21蛋白以及MDM2截短体76kD蛋白的表达水平升高有关。     

12C6+离子束照射不同肿瘤细胞显示重离子治疗癌症的明显优势

通过观察两种人恶性肿瘤细胞(人肝癌细胞SMMC-7721和人黑色素瘤细胞A375)对高LET12C6 离子和γ射线辐照的敏感性及其差异,考察重离子治疗肿瘤的可行性及优势.以这两种体外培养的来源于人体不同组织的具有高辐射抗性的恶性肿瘤细胞为实验对象,分别进行12C6 和γ射线0-6Gy内不同剂量点的单次和分次照射,采用克隆存活法统计细胞的存活分数.结果显示,无论是单次还是分次照射,12C6 照射后两种细胞的存活分数均明显低于γ射线照射,而且两种细胞的辐射敏感性差异明显降低,同时分次照射细胞的存活分数没有明显提高.结果表明,高LET重离子照射对肿瘤细胞能明显提高杀伤能力,同时降低了不同细胞辐射敏感性的差异且导致细胞低的修复.以上特点与重离子剂量深度分布相结合,使得重离子在治疗肿瘤时具有特殊的优势.     

重离子照射肿瘤细胞的相对生物学效应值

对人肝癌细胞SMMC-7721细胞和黑色素瘤细胞A375细胞,进行80.55MeV 12C6 离子、X射线和γ射线照射,通过克隆存活实验获剂量-存活曲线,以X射线或γ射线为标准,计算重离子的相对生物学效应(Relative biological effectiveness,RBE ).结果显示,两种细胞的重离子RBE值都大于1,且分次照射的RBE大于单次照射.重离子照射SMMC-7721细胞的RBE高于A375细胞,分次照射的差异更明显.重离子具有独特的物理特性及高传能线密度(Line energy transfer,LET)下的强杀伤作用,可有效杀伤不同肿瘤细胞,减弱了细胞间的敏感性差异.临床的分次照射重离子治疗时,细胞的亚致死修复明显降低,可采取较少的照射次数达到杀伤肿瘤的目的,提高肿瘤治疗效率,减轻病人痛苦.     

12C6+重离子辐照大葱的生物学效应

用30Gy、90Gy和180Gy 12C6 重离子辐照处理大葱干种子,研究了它对大葱的生物学效应.经过不同剂量12C6 重离子照射过的大葱,幼苗发芽率、株高等表型随着辐照剂量的增大,呈现明显的"抛物线"趋势.适量的12C6 重离子照射(30Gy)能提高大葱发芽率和抗旱、抗倒伏能力,促进生长发育.重离子辐照能有效地诱导大葱根尖细胞微核和染色体畸变形成,180Gy处理的大葱微核率和染色体畸变率最高达到9.09%和10.03%.本实验为大葱的重离子辐照育种打下基础.     

12C6+离子辐照诱发人类肝L02细胞hprt基因突变的研究

本文研究12C6 离子辐照人类肝细胞系L02细胞诱发hprt基因突变与剂量的效应关系,为正确评价重离子对人体正常组织细胞的辐射风险及危害提供基础数据和依据.分别用12C6 离子束(LET为30 keV/μm)和X射线(LET为0.2 keV/μm)对L02细胞进行0～6Gy照射后,用克隆形成法检测细胞的存活分数,另外在含有6-TG的培养基中克隆、筛选hprt突变细胞株,测定突变频率.结果表明:12C6 离子辐照后L02细胞的存活分数明显小于X射线照后.两种射线照射后,每106个存活细胞中突变克隆的个数随照射剂量增大而增大,受照细胞的突变频率也都在1Gy处最大.但相对于X射线,人类肝细胞系L02细胞对高LET重离子辐射更敏感,而且12C6 离子束诱发更多的存活细胞hprt基因突变.     

80MeV/u 12C6+离子辐照小鼠头部对脾脏细胞周期分布的影响

研究重离子辐照小鼠头部对脾脏细胞周期分布的影响，为重离子放射治疗癌症和太空防护提供基础数据。80MeV／u能量的^12C^6＋对BALB／c小鼠头部给以0、0．5、1、2、4、10Gy的照射，用流式细胞仪测脾脏细胞周期分布。重离子辐照后36h，小鼠脾脏细胞S期细胞随着辐照剂量的增加显著减少（p〈0．05）；0．5Gy组、4Gy组和10Gy组出现G0／G0期阻滞明显阻滞（p〈0．05），1Gy组和2Gy组无显著变化（p〉0．05）；0．5Gy组G2／M期细胞显著减少（p〈0．01），其它剂量组明显阻滞（p〈0．05）。重离子辐照小鼠头部对小鼠脾脏细胞周期分布有明显影响。     

重离子辐照诱导DNA双链断裂的剂量率效应

利用不同剂量率的50MeV/u^12C^6 辐照B16黑色素瘤细胞的脱蛋白DNA,采用脉冲场凝胶电泳技术对DNA双链断裂（DSB）的诱导和片段的分布进行了研究。结果发现,在剂量率分别为3Gy/min和30Gy/min的情况下,DNA片段释放百分比（PR）都随着剂量的增加而增加,并在超过一定剂量之后趋于相似的准阈值;3Gy/min辐照诱导DSB的产额为0.40DSBs(100Mbp.Gy）,30Gy/min辐照诱导的DSB产额准确值无法得到;30Gy/min辐照诱导DSB的截面为2.14μm^2,是3Gy/min的3.1掊。所有结果都表明剂量率越高,诱导DSB越有效。另外,3Gy／min辐照诱导DSB片段在－860kbp处有一个片段峰,而30Gy/min没有,说明剂量率可以影响DSB片段的分布。     

188Re对血管平滑肌与内皮细胞的辐射差异性

为比较β射线对平滑肌和内皮细胞的增殖抑制作用，探寻血管内放射治疗中保护内皮细胞的措施，应用放射性核素^188Reβ射线对培养的平滑肌细胞和内皮细胞进行了辐射，通过细胞增殖计数，细胞增殖周期分析和^3H-TdR掺入实验观察，研究辐射对平滑肌和内皮细胞在增殖方面的影响，结果显示，5．2Gy剂量β辐射，平滑肌细胞增殖计数，细胞增殖率，^3H-TdR参入率显著下降，而内皮细胞的上述指标则无明显改变；高于10Gy，小于20Gy折剂量辐射，两组细胞的增匀受到明显抑制，表明在体外细胞培养条件下，平滑肌细胞及内皮细胞对高剂量β辐射的敏感性一致，而对低剂量β辐射，内皮细胞较平滑肌细胞耐受，5．2Gy低剂量β辐射，是一个既能有效抑制平滑肌细胞增殖，又不影响内皮细胞增殖，且对心肌细胞无损伤作用的血管内放疗窗口。     

Nuclear microscopy of single whole cultured cells: preparation and analysis of human Chang liver cells

Nuclear microscopy is a powerful tool for the measurement of elemental concentrations in single cells. Six methods involving the use of various fixing agents, rinsing agents and drying methods were tried in the preparation of cultured human Chang liver cells for nuclear microscopy and the suitability of each method was evaluated by monitoring the K/Na ratios and shapes of individual cells. The K/Na ratio is a commonly used criteria for the ionic integrity of cells; K/Na ratios well above 1 indicates minimal perturbation of the intracellular ionic composition. Non-stimulated human Chang liver cells in a resting state are usually polygonal in shape and flattened in firm anchorage to the substrate, while dividing or stimulated cells appear rounded. Therefore the shapes of the cells can be used as an indicator of whether the cells are in a resting or stimulated state. It is not desirable for cells to be in a stimulated state since then the effects of other external stimuli cannot be observed independently. Of the six methods tested, chemical fixation, as expected, was considered non-ideal for the preparation of human cultured Chang liver cells. Ice-cold 150 mM sucrose was found to be the most suitable rinsing solution for the preparation of cultured human Chang liver cells. Both freeze-drying and air-drying were used as drying methods and cells processed by either method were found to have K/Na ratios well above 1. Hence both drying methods were found to be suitable although membrane blotting followed by air-drying was preferred as excess rinsing solution can be very quickly removed during the blotting process. The K/Na ratios of cells on the same target holder but from different regions were found to be dependent on the local cell density. Cells which are locally dense-packed were found to have a much higher K/Na ratio than cells in a less dense region.     

EGFR与肿瘤细胞放射敏感性

表皮生长因子（Epidermal growth factor receptor，EGFR）属于酪氨酸激酶受体，在多种上皮来源的恶性肿瘤中存在着过度表达和变异。EGFR与相应配体结合后激活，继而活化一系列下游信号通路并产生众多的生物效应。EGFR信号通路与肿瘤细胞放射敏感性降低密切相关，其机制可能与促进细胞增殖、抑制凋亡、调控细胞周期阻滞、促进DNA辐射损伤修复有关，运用EGFR单克隆抗体和小分子特异性抑制剂可以增强肿瘤细胞的放射敏感性。     

Nuclear microscopy of rat colon epithelial cells

Using Nuclear microscopy, we have investigated iron distributions in the colons of Sprague Dawley rats, in order to elucidate heme uptake. Four groups of five Sprague Dawley rats (mean weight 180 g) were fed different purified diets containing either heme diet (2.5% w/w hemoglobin), high fat diet (HFD) (18% w/w fat, 1% w/w cholesterol), ‘western’ diet (combination of hemoglobin 2.5% and 18% fat, 1% cholesterol) or control diet (7% w/w fat). After 4 weeks, animals were sacrificed by exsanguination after anaesthesia.Thin sections of frozen colon tissue were taken, freeze dried and scanned using nuclear microscopy utilising the techniques PIXE, RBS and STIM. The new data acquisition system (IonDaq) developed in CIBA was used to obtain high resolution images and line scans were used to map the iron distributions across the colon boundaries.The nuclear microscope results indicate that when HFD is given in addition to heme, the iron content of the epithelial cells that line the colon decreases, and the zinc in the smooth muscle wall increases. This implies that the level of heme and fat in diet has an important role in colon health, possibly by influencing epithelial cells directly or changing luminal composition such as bacterial flora or levels of metabolites and cytotoxins.     

Demonstration of Pm-147 GaN betavoltaic cells

Two GaN p-(i)-n diodes were designed and fabricated,and their electrical performances with ~(63)Ni and ~(147)Pm plate sources were compared.The results showed that the diodes with ~(147)Pm had better electrical performances,with a short-circuit current(I_(sc)) of 59 nA,an open-circuit voltage(V_(oc)) of 1.4 V,and a maximum power(P_(max))of 49.4 nw.The ways to improve the electrical performances are discussed,including appropriate increase of the i-GaN thickness.     

乏燃料贮存格架的试制

简要介绍了乏燃料贮存格架实体模型试制过程中的生产准备、材料要求、关键零部件的加工、组焊、检验以及抽插试验的过程,为乏燃料贮存格架产品的制造和国产化提供了经验。     

槲皮素对HeLa细胞辐射敏感性影响及其机理

为探讨药物槲皮素对HeLa宫颈癌细胞的辐射敏感性影响及其机理,使用不同浓度的槲皮素和不同照射剂量处理HeLa细胞,采用克隆形成法测定细胞存活率,应用流式细胞术测定细胞DNA双链断裂,以及测定槲皮素与电离辐射联合作用对HeLa细胞的周期影响.结果显示,不同槲皮素浓度处理组的HeLa细胞在不同照射剂量组间的存活率比较有统计...     

Spatial self-shielding for heterogeneous cells

The subgroup method enables the calculation of the spatial self-shielding in resonance absorption for fast routine applications. It is well suited for use in highly heterogeneous cells such as those with cluster type fuels. The avearage pin concept is removed and the resonance absorption can be derived for each pin. As the transport equation is solved in the collision probability form, the method can be used in any geometry for which collision probabilities can be calculated.The accuracy of the method was explored for a number of cases and compared with Hellstrand's experiments. Two clusters (7 pins and 37 pins) were analyzed; the results were considered satisfactory.     

鸡胚细胞内微量元素分析

本文用高分辨率、高灵敏度的扫描质子微探针（SPM）对鸡胚前脑神经元细胞和骨骼肌肌管细胞中的数量元素进行分析，研究了这两种不同细胞对Zn离子的吸收情况、细胞中元素的相关关系以及微量元素在细胞内的分布情况。结果发现，鸡胚前脑神经元细胞对Zn离子的吸收能力明显大于骨骼肌肌管细胞；并且细胞中Cr、Fe、Ni等微量元素的浓度含量明显偏高；细胞中S－Zn、Fe-Zn等元素呈正相关关系，而P-Ni、Cr-Fe则呈负相关关系。从细胞的元素分布图上还发现不同元素在细胞各个组成部分的含量是不同的，如P、S、K等元素在细胞膜上的含量明显高于其在细胞内的含量。