High-power-factor electronic ballast operating in criticalconduction mode

A high-power factor (HPF) electronic ballast, which exhibits low switching losses, is presented in this paper. The proposed topology is based on a single power-processing stage, which provides high-frequency voltage to fluorescent lamps and HPF to the utility line. The lamps are driven by a self-oscillating LC parallel resonant power converter of great simplicity and attendant low cost and increased reliability. HPF is achieved by using a nonconventional boost power converter operating in critical conduction mode. Theoretical analysis and experimental results for two 40-W fluorescent lamps operating at 50 kHz from a 127-V utility line have been obtained, which demonstrate the high efficiency and HPF of this electronic ballast     

Analysis and experimental results of a single-stagehigh-power-factor electronic ballast based on flyback converter

A new single-stage high-power-factor electronic ballast based on a flyback converter is presented in this paper. The ballast is able to supply a fluorescent lamp assuring a high-input power factor for the utility line. Other features are lamp power regulation against line voltage variations and low lamp current crest factor, both assuring long lamp life. The ballast is analyzed at steady-state operation, and design equations and characteristics are obtained. Also, a procedure for the ballast design is presented. Finally, simulation and experimental results from a laboratory prototype are shown     

Low-cost high power-density electronic ballast for automotive HIDlamp

A low-cost high-efficiency high power-density electronic ballast for 35 W automotive high intensity discharge (HID) is presented along with the results of theoretical computations and experimental tests. The ballast circuits is based on a 100 kHz resonant inverter, a half-wave rectifier and a 400 Hz operated square-wave inverter. The converter operates at zero turn on losses, nearly zero turn off losses, and at a reduced electromagnetic interference level. The ballast circuit is designed to prevent inappropriate operations due to the acoustic resonances. The lamp voltage waveform has limited dv/dt and no DC component contributing to a long operating life of the lamp. A breadboard of the electronic ballast was designed and experimentally tested on a 35 W lamp, for a DC input voltage ranging from 9 V to 16 V. The electronic ballast performs all the features required to turn-on, warm-up and drive at the steady state a 35 W HID lamp and operates at a maximum steady state efficiency η=84%,     

Starting control for series-resonant electronic ballast withrapid-start fluorescent lamp

A starting-aid circuit is added to the series-resonant electronic ballast for reducing the glow current in a rapid-start fluorescent lamp during the preheating. By controlling the operating frequency, the electronic ballast provides an adequate filament current for preheating with nearly zero lamp voltage     

High frequency electronic ballast provides line frequency lampcurrent

Most electronic ballasts for fluorescent lamps provide a sinusoidal lamp current at the switching frequency. The high-frequency current flowing through the lamp can generate significant radiated noise, which is unacceptable in noise-sensitive applications, such as fluorescent lights in airplanes. Using shielded enclosures for the lamps may solve the problem, but it is expensive. A discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) electronic ballast topology is presented which drives the lamp with line frequency current, just like a magnetic ballast. However, compared to a magnetic ballast, its weight is substantially reduced due to operation at 40 kHz switching frequency. The topology also ensures unity power factor at the input and stable lamp operation at the output     

Single-stage line-coupled half-bridge ballast with unity power factor and ripple-free input current using a coupled inductor

A single-stage line-coupled half-bridge ballast with unity power factor and ripple-free input current using a coupled inductor is proposed. The proposed power-factor-correction circuit can achieve unity power factor and ripple-free input current using a coupled inductor. A saturable transformer constituting the self-oscillating drive limits the lamp current and dominates the switching frequency of the ballast. The proposed ballast has high energy efficiency, low cost, and high reliability compared to the conventional high-power-factor electronic ballasts. Experimental results obtained on a 30-W fluorescent lamp is discussed.     

Acoustic-resonance-free electronic ballast for automotive HID lamps

A novel cost-effective and acoustic-resonance-free electronic ballast used to drive automotive high intensity discharging (HID) lamps that utilise a constant lamp power control scheme is proposed. The presented ballast is comprised of a buck-boost flyback converter to provide negative DC voltages and a half-bridge-type inverter to supply the lamp with low-frequency, square-wave AC voltage/ current. Owing to its low-frequency operation, no acoustic resonance occurs on the automotive HID lamps. Design guidelines and experimental results are demonstrated for a 35 Wautomotive HID lamp prototype ballast operating at 400 Hz switching frequency with battery input DC voltage of 12 V.     

A Novel Constant Power Control Circuit for HID Electronic Ballast

This paper presents a constant power control circuit for a three-stage high-intensity discharge (HID) electronic ballast. The three-stage electronic ballast is composed of a boost pre-regulator to achieve a high power factor, a DC/DC buck converter to regulate lamp current with constant lamp power, and a full-bridge inverter to drive the HID lamp with a low-frequency ac squarewave current. The buck converter operating in current mode utilizes current sense level-shift technique to achieve constant power output. The proposed constant power control circuit is easily designed and implemented for the three-stage HID electronic ballast. Finally, a laboratory prototype of a 70 W HID electronic ballast is implemented. The measured results show that the proposed ballast can be applied for various HID lamps with low lamp power variation (less than 0.6%).     

Design and analysis of automotive high intensity discharge lamp ballast using micro controller unit

A new scheme of the automotive high intensity discharge (HID) lamp ballast systems is proposed. The proposed scheme is consisted of the high frequency DC-DC converter and the low frequency DC-AC inverter as same as conventional HID ballast system. However this system separates the input voltage of the ignitor from DC link voltage using auxiliary winding, which results in the use of the lower voltage rating power devices for HID lamp ballast system compared with conventional system. As a result, proposed system has a lower cost or a higher efficiency. For the improvement of the efficiency, the proposed ballast controller using micro-controller unit (MCU), controls the frequency to operate the DC-DC converter in critical conduction mode. This paper presents the design and analysis of the proposed ballast and some experimental results.     

Charge pump power-factor-correction dimming electronic ballast

A voltage-source charge pump power-factor correction (CPPFC) continuous dimming electronic ballast is proposed in this paper. The basic charge pump PFC principle is presented, and its unity power factor condition is then reviewed. Constant lamp power control and crest factor correction technique in dimming mode operation are then discussed. A continuous dimming controller with average lamp current control and duty-cycle modulation is developed so that the lamp is able to operate in constant power and low crest factor from 20% to 100% dimming level. The developed dimming electronic ballast has features of higher than 0.99 power factor, low crest factor, and low-DC-bus voltage     

数模双环路HID安定器的设计

HID氙气灯必须工作在恒定功率条件下,通常采用功率误差检测环路来实现。在分析了35 W车用HID氙气灯工作特性和市场上HID氙气灯安定器设计特点的基础上,提出了一种新颖的HID安定器的设计方案,其特点是同时采用了数字和模拟两个功率误差检测环路。实验表明,采用以此结构设计的安定器既保证了很好的瞬态特性,又保证了进入稳态后输出功率的稳定性。     

New charge pump power-factor-correction electronic ballast with awide range of line input voltage

A new charge pump power-factor-correction (CPPFC) electronic ballast with a wide range of line input voltage is proposed in this paper. Circuit derivation and DC-bus voltage stress at start-up mode are discussed. The average lamp current control with switching frequency modulation is developed to achieve constant lamp power operation and low-crest factor. The proposed CPPFC electronic ballast is analyzed, implemented, and evaluated. It features continuous line input current, low total harmonic distortion (THD), constant lamp power operation, low-crest factor, and less switching current stress with low-DC-bus voltage stress for the line voltages from 180 to 265 V     

基于半桥双Buck功率变换器的电子镇流器

低频方波驱动模式是目前小功率金属卤化物灯电子镇流器抑制声谐振最有效的方法。本文提出了半桥双降压(Buck)型准方波谐振功率变换器,使所有的半导体开关器件都可以在零电压的条件下开通。并将其应用到70W金属卤化物灯电子镇流器中,达到了金属卤化物灯正常工作的要求。     

A novel single-stage constant-wattage high-power-factor electronicballast

A novel single-stage high-power-factor electronic ballast is presented in this paper. The ballast is obtained from the integration of a buck-boost converter and a half-bridge LC resonant inverter. The ballast features lamp power regulation against line voltage fluctuations together with high power factor and dimming capability. The steady-state analysis of the ballast is performed and a low-frequency model of the input stage is derived. A design example, including closed-loop circuitry, is also presented. Finally, some experimental results from a laboratory prototype are shown     

Single-stage electronic ballast with dimming feature and unitypower factor

Analysis, design, and practical consideration of a single-stage electronic ballast with dimming feature and unity power factor are presented in this paper. The proposed single-stage ballast is the combination of a boost converter and a half-bridge series-resonant parallel-loaded inverter. The boost semistage working in the discontinuous conduction mode functions as a power factor corrector and the inverter semistage operated above resonance are employed to ballast the lamp. Replacing the lamp with the plasma model, analysis of the ballast is fulfilled. The dimming feature is carried out by pulse-width modulation (PWM) and variable-frequency controls simultaneously. The proposed single-stage ballast is suitable for applications with moderate power level and low-line voltage while requiring a high-output voltage. It can save a controller, an active switch and its driver, reduce size, and possibly increase system reliability while requiring two additional diodes over a conventional two-stage system. A prototype was implemented to verify the theoretical discussion. The hardware measurements have shown that the desired performance can be achieved feasibly     

Novel Automotive High Intensity Discharge(HID) Lamps with Electronic Ballasts

A new scheme of automotive high intensity discharge(HID) lamps with electronic ballasts is proposed. The design of the proposed ballast and some experimental results are presented. The proposed scheme is consisted of the high frequency DC-DC converter and the low frequency DC-AC inverter. This system separates the input voltage of the ignitor from DC link voltage using auxiliary winding, then it could use the lower voltage rating power devices for HID lamp ballast system and reduce the size of HID lamp ballast. The proposed ballast controller using micro-controller unit(MCU) controls the frequency to operate the DC-DC converter in critical conduction mode, which reduces the noise of the circuit and improves the efficiency by 2%~4%.     

High-power-factor electronic ballast based on a single powerprocessing stage

A new high-power-factor (HPF) electronic ballast is introduced in this paper. The proposed topology is based on a single power processing stage, and provides a high-frequency voltage to the fluorescent lamps in addition to presenting an HPF to the utility line. The power processing stage is formed by a half-bridge circuit operating above the resonant frequency, thus providing zero-voltage switching. The self-oscillating technique is employed, which increases the converter reliability with great simplicity. HPF is achieved by using a nonconventional boost stage operating in discontinuous conduction mode, which results in a lower DC-bus voltage than that produced by the conventional boost. Theoretical analysis and experimental results have been obtained for two 40-W fluorescent lamps operating at 40-kHz switching frequency and 220-V line voltage     

基于IR2155 的高压钠灯电子镇流器设计

本文针对高压钠灯电子镇流器设计中，开关损耗大、驱动复杂、启动速度慢等问题，提出一种高性能高压钠灯用电子镇流器电路。该电路成功的应用了L6560校正芯片和IR2155专用半桥驱动芯片，即简化了传统的驱动电路，又实现了变频调节，提高了启动速度，保证了灯功率的稳定。通过频率和辅助元件的设置，半桥逆变电路可工作在软开关状态。同时设计出可靠的、能产生3．5kV电压的启动电路，保证灯在热灯熄灭时，切断触发脉冲，而后自动恢复启动状态。实验结果表明该镇流器性能优良，功率因数大于0．99，启动时间小于2.4min。     

一种数字控制HID灯电子镇流器的研制

介绍了一种单片机数字控制车用前照明高强度气体放电灯（high intensity discharge，HID）电子镇流器。镇流器系统主要由高频DC／DC开关电源、DC／AC逆变器、高压启动电路和单片机控制电路组成。它通过单片机软件编程，实现精确的数字控制，确保HID灯启动复杂的时序控制和恒功率控制过程，而且可以很好地处理各种故障模式，具有输入过压／欠压保护，输入反接保护，输出短路、开路保护等功能。