预制体中添加碳化硼对C/C复合材料氧化特性的影响

以添加碳化硼的炭纤维针刺整体毡为预制体,经化学气相渗透、树脂浸渍/炭化补充增密制备了C/C复合材料,考察了该材料在600～900℃的氧化性能.研究结果表明:与未添加碳化硼的C/C复合材料相比,添加碳化硼不仅提高了C/C复合材料的结构完整性,而且在氧化过程中生成了B2O3保护膜或保护簇团覆盖在其表面或裸露的炭纤维上,从而有效地减缓了基体或纤维的氧化,显著提高了C/C复合材料的整体抗氧化能力.     

炭纤维针刺预制体增强C/SiC复合材料的制备与性能研究

以炭纤维复合网胎针刺织物为预制体, 采用“化学气相渗透法+先驱体浸渍裂解法”(CVI+PIP)混合工艺, 制备了C/SiC陶瓷复合材料; 研究了针刺预制体的致密化效率以及复合材料的微观结构和力学性能, 并与目前常用的三维编织C/SiC复合材料和预氧丝针刺织物增强C/SiC复合材料进行了对比. 结果表明, 针刺预制体的致密化效率明显高于三维编织预制体, 在相同致密工艺条件下, 炭纤维针刺织物增强复合材料和预氧丝针刺织物增强复合材料的密度分 别达到2.08和2.02g/cm³, 而三维编织预制体增强复合材料的密度仅为1.81g/cm³. 炭纤维针刺复合材料的力学性能高于预氧丝针刺复合材料, 弯曲强度和剪切强度分别达到237和26MPa.     

热处理对含CSiCTaCC界面C/C复合材料力学性能的影响

以准三维针刺炭纤维毡为预制体, 采用化学气相渗透工艺在预制体中炭纤维/基体炭之间制备C-SiC-TaC-C复合界面, 利用树脂浸渍-炭化工艺对材料进一步增密, 获得含C-SiC-TaC-C界面的C/C复合材料。研究了1400～2500℃不同温度热处理前后复合材料的微观结构和力学性能。结果表明: 热处理前, SiC-TaC界面为管状结构, 复合材料的抗弯强度为241.6 MPa, 以脆性断裂为主; 经1400～1800℃热处理后, TaC界面破坏呈颗粒状, 复合材料的平均抗弯强度下降到238.9～226.1 MPa, 其断裂方式不变, 但断裂位移由0.7 mm增至1.0 mm; 经2000～2500℃热处理后, SiC、 TaC界面均受到破坏, 复合材料平均抗弯强度急剧下降至158.7～131.8 MPa, 断裂方式由脆性断裂转变为假塑性断裂。      

树脂炭含量对C／C复合材料性能的影响

研究了密度为0.86g/cm^3的整体毡C/C坯体（CVD致密后）随着浸渍致密次数的增加,C/C复合材料的密度、开孔率、压缩强度和弯曲强度的变化规律,研究结果表明：针刺整体毡C/C复合材料随树脂8浸渍炭化致密次数的增加,密度增加值越来越小,开孔率随浸渍炭化次数增加的降低趋于缓和。随着浸渍致密C/C复合材料的密度增加,压缩强度相应增加,弯曲强度从第二次浸渍炭化后趋于稳定,同时对C/C复合材料的微观结构进行了分析。     

CLVI技术制备炭/炭复合材料

利用化学液气相沉积工艺以煤油为前驱体,采用密度为0.4g/cm3的针刺炭纤维毡为预制体,10h内制备了壁厚为40mm,密度沿径向均匀分布,密度达1.70g/cm3的炭/炭复合材料盘形件.同时还阐明了用于制备炭/炭复合材料的化学液气相沉积工艺原理及工艺过程,利用偏光显微镜观察所得材料的微观组织结构属光滑层结构的热解炭.     

无纬布/网胎叠层针刺C/C材料的制备及性能

以无纬布/炭纤维网胎叠层针刺预制体为增强体,经化学气相渗透(CVI)联合沥青浸渍/高压炭化(HPIC)方法制备了针刺C/C材料,研究了该材料的热力学性能,并与整体毡C/C材料进行了对比。结果表明:针刺C/C材料室温及2 800℃下轴向拉伸强度分别为24.50 MPa和52.88 MPa,较整体毡C/C材料分别提高了138%和170%,且拉伸破坏模式为假塑性。针刺C/C材料热物理性能优于整体毡C/C材料,1 000℃轴向热膨胀系数仅为1.409×10-6/℃,相比降低了64%。针刺C/C材料优异的机械强度和良好的热物理性能为其在固体火箭发动机中的应用奠定了基础。     

沥青基C／C复合材料的致密效率研究

以高温煤沥青为浸渍剂，国产PAN基炭纤维编织的轴棒法预制体为增强材料，采用浸渍炭化致密工艺制备了沥青基炭／炭（C／C）复合材料，考察不同制备步骤下预制体致密效率的变化情况，并用扫描电子显微镜观察了C／C复合材料及基体炭的微观形貌。研究表明，随循环次数的增多，材料密度逐渐增大，密度增量逐渐减小；中间石墨化处理略微降低材料...     

预氧化温度对中空多孔炭纤维介电常数的影响

以中空多孔聚丙烯腈(PAN)原丝为原料,通过预氧化和炭化工艺制备了中空多孔炭纤维。研究了预氧化温度对其微观结构、元素组成和介电常数的影响。结果表明,预氧化温度对中空多孔炭纤维微观结构的影响不大;碳含量随预氧化温度的升高而减少,而氮、氧含量则相反。随预氧化温度的升高,所得中空多孔炭纤维的介电常数依次降低。在2GHz处,预氧化温度为250℃时ε′和ε″分别为23.12和73.51,而预氧化温度为310℃时ε′和ε″分别为19.32和9.87。因此,可通过预氧化温度来调节中空多孔炭纤维的介电常数。     

炭/炭复合材料新型热梯度制备工艺

对传统的热梯度化学气相渗透工艺进行了改进.把高热导率(55W/(m·℃))的48k炭纤维束穿入针刺炭毡预制体中心.利用炭纤维束和炭毡预制体热导率(0.15W/(m·℃))的差异,在预制体内部产生热梯度.在900℃～1200℃下,天然气首先在预制体中心的48k炭纤维处热解,致密化沿径向由中心向外部推进,67 h后材料的密度达1.778 g/cm3.研究了炉内输入电压、电阻、致密化时间、沉积层位置等工艺参数对材料性能的影响.通过偏光显微镜和扫描电子显微镜研究了基体热解碳的微观结构,并对炭纤维体积含量为10%的炭/炭试样进行了烧蚀性能测试.     

预氧丝毡复合材料的力学性能探讨

首次以预氧丝毡为增强材料,以环氧树脂为基体,采用模压成型工艺制备预氧丝毡复合材料。研究了预氧丝毡前处理方式、固化剂用量和固化压力对复合材料力学性能的影响,以复合材料纵、横向拉伸性能和弯曲性能为评价指标,优化出最佳的预氧丝毡复合材料制备方法,并利用扫描电子显微镜观察分析了复合材料的拉伸断面。结果表明,采用模压成型工艺制备的预氧丝毡复合材料具备良好的力学性能。经过前处理的预氧丝毡制备的复合材料板材力学性能优于未处理的板材。当固化剂用量为树脂质量的60%、固化压力为3 MPa,复合材料拉伸和弯曲性能最佳。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.     

新闻(英文)

正China and Greece Sign the Standardization Cooperation Agreement Witnessed by Chinese Premier Li Keqiang and Greek Prime Minister Antonis Samaras,AQSIQ Minister Zhi Shuping and ELOT Chairman and Executive Director Angelos Tolkas signed the SAC-ELOT Standardization Cooperation Agreement.The Agreement is one of the critical cooperation documents signed during Li Keqiang’s visit in Greece,encouraging China and Greece to