合成工艺对水相合成金纳米颗粒的影响

分别采用柠檬酸三钠和硼氢化钠为还原剂在水相中还原氯金酸制备了稳定的金纳米溶胶。通过透射电子显微镜、激光粒度分析仪、紫外-可见分光光度计对所制备的金纳米颗粒的形貌、结构、粒度分布以及光学特性进行表征,研究了还原剂用量、加热反应时间、反应温度、pH值对水相制备金纳米颗粒的影响。结果表明通过调节合成工艺,可以实现金纳米颗粒的可控生长,制备出平均粒径在5～70nm粒度分布均匀的球形金纳米颗粒。     

化学还原法制备高分散纳米铂粒子

燃料电池具有能量密度高、清洁、高效等优点,是一种理想的汽车动力电源,而铂碳催化剂是燃料电池中的关键材料;其核心组分铂价格昂贵,导致燃料电池成本居高不下,将铂纳米化可以有效提高铂利用率,降低铂用量和燃料电池成本。采用化学还原法,以氯铂酸为前驱体、硼氢化钠为还原剂、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)为稳定剂,在25℃的乙二醇溶剂中反应60 min,制备了高分散纳米铂颗粒。同时,利用UV-vis、XRD、TEM和XPS等技术对制备的纳米铂颗粒的结构、形貌、分散性及尺寸进行了表征并初步探索反应条件对纳米铂颗粒的影响。结果表明:以乙二醇为溶剂兼作还原剂可制备出高度细化与分散、形貌单一、大小均匀、平均粒径为7.53 nm的铂颗粒;同时,纳米铂颗粒表面吉布斯自由能高,在PVP空间位阻和静电斥力效应的双重作用下可有效抑制纳米铂颗粒的团聚。     

水热法制备纳米银颗粒的试验研究

以AgNO_3和NaHCO_3为反应原料,以PVP为保护剂,用水热法制备出纳米银颗粒。研究了AgNO_3浓度和分散剂PEG的加入对反应生成纳米银颗粒形貌的影响。结果表明,在AgNO_3浓度为0.06 mol/L,NaHCO_3浓度为0.15 mol/L,PVP为0.03 mol/L,PEG为0.05 mol/L,反应温度为200℃,反应时间4 h的工艺条件下,可得到平均粒径尺寸约50 nm、分散性好、尺寸均一的近球形纳米银颗粒。     

室温条件下纳米银的温和制备和形貌调控

目的 探究室温条件下不同还原剂以及其他实验助剂在化学还原纳米银过程中对其颗粒粒径、尺寸分布和形貌的影响。方法 以抗坏血酸为还原剂,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮（PVP）为分散剂,柠檬酸钠为保护剂和第2还原剂,选择葡萄糖和硼氢化钠作对照,在室温下通过化学还原的方法来制备纳米银颗粒。通过马尔文激光粒度仪、紫外–可见光谱（UV–vis）、透射电镜（TEM）等对所制备纳米银进行表征。结果 采用抗坏血酸作为还原剂时,通过调控抗坏血酸体积（0.2 mL）,固定柠檬酸钠和PVP体积分别为0.5、0.6 mL,制备出粒径较小（平均粒径为56 nm）且尺寸分布较均一的球形纳米银;采用葡萄糖和硼氢化钠作还原剂时纳米银颗粒尺寸过大（平均粒径分别为216nm和189nm）。结论 采用抗坏血酸作为还原剂,调控柠檬酸钠、PVP等实验参数在最佳范围,更容易制备出球形度好、粒径小的均匀纳米银溶液。     

聚合物保护纳米镍粉的制备与表征

采用改进的多元醇液相还原工艺,用 1,2 丙二醇作还原剂,在聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)稳定剂保护下,通过调整反应条件,在均相成核条件下,合成了粒径 25nm,具有面心立方晶体结构的纳米镍粉,运用XRD、TEM、SAED、FTIR 等微观分析手段,研究了NaOH浓度、PVP加入量等因素对制备纳米镍粉的影响。研究发现NaOH可以提高成核速率,调节颗粒生长溶质浓度,是形成粒径均匀纳米颗粒的重要条件。适量的聚合物保护剂,可以阻止成核颗粒生长,减小粒径,防止颗粒团聚,FTIR分析显示PVP分子与纳米颗粒之间存在化学作用。     

纳米金的制备及在化妆品中的应用初探

采用柠檬酸钠还原氯金酸制备纳米金,利用X射线荧光能谱和透射电子显微镜对产品进行了表征,通过纳米金溶胶及溶胶中含有的柠檬酸钠和保护剂PVP对Hela细胞、CHO细胞的MTT试验,研究了纳米金溶胶及纳米金颗粒对细胞的毒性,结果表明,纳米金溶胶和纳米金颗粒对这两种细胞均没有产生毒性。将纳米金加入到化妆品基础配方中制备得到了稳定的乳状液,为纳米金用于高级化妆品可行性提供部分实验依据。     

液相还原两步法合成纳米铜的工艺研究

目的研究液相还原步法制备铜纳米颗粒过程中,工艺参数对铜纳米颗粒形貌尺寸的影响。方法在水体系下,先用葡萄糖将铜离子预还原为氧化亚铜,再使用次亚磷酸钠将氧化亚铜还原成纳米铜颗粒。分别改变反应过程中的PVP添加量、次亚磷酸钠的浓度以及加热温度,用场发射扫描电镜对所得的产物进行形貌观察。结果 PVP添加量与次亚磷酸钠浓度的提高,都使得铜纳米颗粒的尺寸逐渐减小,并且过量的PVP会造成铜纳米颗粒的团聚;然而随着温度的提高,铜纳米颗粒的尺寸先减小再增大。结论实验的最佳工艺参数为:PVP添加量为2 g,次亚磷酸钠浓度为1.2 mol/L,反应温度为60℃。此条件下所制备出的铜纳米颗粒分散性好、尺寸分布均匀,粒径为400 nm左右。     

多元醇还原法制备Fe_3O_4纳米粒子及磁性能表征

采用简便的多元醇还原法合成Fe3O4磁性纳米颗粒,研究了稳定剂类型、初始反应温度、初始反应时间和熟化时间对Fe3O4纳米颗粒形貌、粒径及磁性能的影响。采用XRD、TEM、SQUID多种表征手段对Fe3O4纳米颗粒进行表征,结果表明:聚乙二醇作为稳定剂制备的Fe3O4纳米具有高结晶度以及单分散性,在300K下,具有超顺磁性和较高的饱和磁化强度;十二烷基磺酸钠和十六烷基溴化铵作为稳定剂却无法得到Fe3O4。稳定剂油酸/油胺的摩尔浓度比为1∶1时,升高初始反应温度从125℃到200℃,对Fe3O4的粒径和磁性能有决定性的影响;延长初始反应时间和熟化时间有利于提高纳米颗粒的分散性。     

以CeO2纳米颗粒可控合成CeOCl纳米颗粒

以水热法合成的粒径7nm左右的CeO2纳米立方体颗粒为合成CeOCl的原料,在2种不同的反应系统中分别得到了22nm的CeOCl立方体和144nm的CeOCl花形纳米颗粒.十四烷基三甲基氯化铵为反应提供氯源,在油胺作保护剂条件下,CeO2纳米颗粒转化为CeOCl纳米立方体;在1,2-十六烷二醇作还原剂、油胺和癸酸作保护剂条件下,CeO2转化为花状CeOCl纳米颗粒.CeOCl的最终形貌取决于还原剂与保护剂.     

柠檬酸钠还原法制备金纳米颗粒的影响因素分析

通过化学还原法制备金纳米材料,以柠檬酸钠为还原剂,通过加热还原氯金酸,得到金纳米颗粒水溶液.利用紫外-可见吸收光谱,研究了制备工艺参数对产物尺寸以及产物生成速率的影响.结果表明,反应物浓度比、反应物加入次序、溶液pH在一定程度上影响产物的尺寸,保温温度、保温时间以及搅拌速率对产物生成速率有较大影响.并对金纳米颗粒生成过...     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.     

新闻(英文)

正China and Greece Sign the Standardization Cooperation Agreement Witnessed by Chinese Premier Li Keqiang and Greek Prime Minister Antonis Samaras,AQSIQ Minister Zhi Shuping and ELOT Chairman and Executive Director Angelos Tolkas signed the SAC-ELOT Standardization Cooperation Agreement.The Agreement is one of the critical cooperation documents signed during Li Keqiang’s visit in Greece,encouraging China and Greece to