针织物顶破强力测试的不确定度分析

测量不确定度与传统的误差分析理论相比更具操作性,但目前在纺织测试领域,不确定度的评估还不普及.因此,本文运用不确定度理论对实验室研制改造的"针织物弹子顶破强力仪"测试系统及实验结果进行不确定度的评估具有现实意义.     

平流层浮空器用柔性复合材料的断裂性能

对某浮空器蒙皮用柔性复合材料的撕裂性能和顶破性能进行了实验研究和数值分析。通过不同切口宽度和总宽度试样的撕裂实验, 发现撕裂过程为典型的脆性断裂特征, 根据线弹性断裂模型对撕裂过程进行数值模拟得到与实验结果一致的断裂过程, 通过数值计算得到扩展过程中裂纹尖端的应力强度因子, 计算得到的撕裂承载能力随相对切口宽度增加而降低, 与实验结果一致。对不同直径试样进行顶破实验, 并以断裂应变为裂纹临界扩展的断裂模型进行数值分析, 得到顶破模拟结果与实验结果一致: 使顶破位置达到相同的断裂应变值, 大直径试样需要较大的位移值, 失效时圆心位置的应力水平保持不变使得最大顶破承载水平保持不变。      

ICF靶丸类微球在近场声悬浮系统中的悬浮实验研究

为实现均匀辐照,ICF靶的无接触支撑是关键。提出用近场声悬浮对ICF靶进行无接触支撑,对悬浮ICF靶丸类微球的压电换能器和悬浮系统进行了初步设计,换能器发射端采用了凹球面结构,利用ANSYS软件对发射端的凹球面结构进行了优化。并构建了近场声悬浮测试系统,对不同直径的钢球在不同工作电压下进行了悬浮实验。实验结果表明：当发射端凹球面直径与钢球直径接近或相等时,悬浮效果是最好的,并且用气动的方式可以实现悬浮钢球的非接触驱动。当工作电压为600V时,钢球的悬浮高度为50μm,扰动振幅为3μm,这说明ICF靶近场声悬浮是可行的。     

求布氏硬度试验试样最小厚度的方法

在金属布氏硬度准试验中,试验条件的选择是关键.试验力根据材料及其硬度值范围来选择,钢球直径则主要应考虑试样的厚薄.钢球直径选择不当.将直接影响硬度测试结果的准确性,尤其对较薄零件试样应特别注意.由此,有必要将各种试验条件下不同硬度值要求的试样最小厚度求出,供试验时参考.     

柔性环形防护网顶破受力归一化分析

开展了6组环形钢丝网片单元顶破承载力试验,并基于LS-DYNA开展了非线性数值模拟,揭示了柔性环形网的顶破受力的三阶段工作特性。进一步考虑钢丝缠绕圈数、圆环直径、顶破端与环形网的面积比以及环形网长宽比等影响开展参数分析,据此提出了环形网片拉伸变形的解析计算方法,建立了顶破力-拉伸位移的相关性方程。研究结果表明:随着圆环缠绕圈数的增多,环形网的极限破断力线性增大,极限拉伸位移线性小幅减小;随着圆环直径的增加极限破断力指数型降低,极限拉伸位移线性增大;随着顶破端与网片的面积比的增大极限破断力和极限拉伸位移均幂函数持续减小,变化速率基本一致;随着环形网长宽比的增大,极限破断力和极限拉伸位移都呈幂函数减小,破断力的减小更为明显。研究成果可用于柔性防护系统环形网单元设计。     

球径误差对轴承声学特性影响的仿真研究

球轴承中的钢球在加工制造过程中往往存在直径误差，该误差会对轴承的振动、噪声等动态性能产生重要影响，而目前对于轴承的噪声产生机理以及控制也是学术界的一个重要研究课题。针对在装配轴承时如何合理排布存在直径误差的钢球以有效降低轴承噪声这一问题，以QJ211四点接触球轴承为研究对象，首先采用Workbench对含有不同球径误差的轴承进行瞬态动力学分析，计算轴承结构振动响应；然后基于声学有限元方法，利用声学软件Virtual. Lab Acoustics对轴承进行结构声学仿真，得到不同工况下的滚动轴承的声压频率响应；最后提取各工况的有效声压数据对比分析。研究结果表明：不同的球径误差值大小、存在直径误差钢球数量和钢球的排布方式都会对滚动轴承的噪声特性产生一定影响。     

标准钢球检定装置研究

标准钢球在检定过程中,由于标准钢球直径精度要求比较高,在检定过程中无法固定住钢球,导致钢球直径数值误差过大。本论文通过小组设计、试验,最终完成标准钢球检定装置。通过设计标准钢球的检定装置,来满足标准钢球精度的要求。本装置即能保证标准钢球的精度要求,又能使标准钢球的检定方便、快捷。     

用钢球法测量内锥度

一、测量方法内锥度的钢球测量法是生产现场常用的方法,尤其适宜于大尺寸孔径的测量。现将待测工件三种不同情况下的测量方法简叙如下。 1.两端面与锥孔轴心线垂直度误差有要求的内锥体将工件放在平板上,如图1(a)、(b)所示,内放直径为d_1的钢球三粒,然后再放一粒直径为d的钢球在上面,用千分表、量块量出直径为d的钢球顶端到平板间的距离为a和b。设直径为d_1的钢球球心分别为A、B和C、D,则AB=((d d_1/2~2)-(a-d d_1/2)~2)~(1/2)     

卧式行星球磨机最佳参数的数值模拟

采用颗粒离散元法模拟得到卧式行星磨磨筒内钢球平均接触力大小以及随填球率、钢球直径、磨筒半径和公转半径的变化规律,并与实验结果进行了比较分析。结果表明:行星磨的粉磨速率可以由平均接触力大小来确定,粉磨速率的对数是平均接触力线性函数,斜率为0.087。磨筒填球率的增加,导致钢球的平均接触力减小;随着钢球直径、磨筒半径、公转半径的增大,平均接触力呈线性增长,斜率分别为2.5,0.14,0.03,其中钢球直径对平均接触力的影响最大。     

关于螺纹三针法测量公式的探讨

通常,用三针法测量外螺纹单一中径,用钢球法测量内螺纹单一中径。用直径相同的钢球和三针来推导测量外螺纹单一中径的精确公式,尽管思路、推导过程及所得公式不同,但其实际结果相同。由于用钢球推导比用三针推导简单,且可对外、内螺纹同时进行公式推导(而用三针只适于外螺纹的公式推导),所以本文用钢球测量进行推导.     

Failure analysis of steel ball in the brake operating cylinder of heavy launch vehicle

Steel ball plays as an essential component in the brake operating cylinder assembly. It magnifies the force applied on the raceway promoting the brake of vehicle. In the present work, the failure of steel balls utilized in the brake operating cylinder of heavy launch vehicle has been analyzed. The failure analysis was carried out from two aspects. Firstly, in order to assess the contact strength, the contact stresses of the steel ball under different loading conditions were calculated based on finite element method. On the other hand, metallographic and microstructural analysis of the steel ball material, including the failed ball and the new one, were also conducted on the purpose of investigating the influence of material property. By comparison, it was found that the failures of the steel balls were caused by improper thermal treatment, which induced coarse microstructures and residual stress in the internal part of the steel ball.     

钢管钢纤维高强混凝土抗冲击压缩性能的试验研究与数值模拟

遮弹层的建成及优化对防护工程的发展尤为重要。钢管钢纤维高强混凝土蜂窝遮弹层是一种具有高强抗力的新型遮弹层,文章对其组成构件钢管钢纤维高强混凝土进行霍普金森压杆(SHPB)动态力学性能试验,并借助动力有限元分析软件LSDYNA进行数值模拟。冲击压缩试验中,试件的钢纤维掺量分别为0%、0.5%、1.0%、1.5%,钢管壁厚分别为2mm、3mm。结果表明钢管钢纤维高强混凝土具有应变率强化效应,应变率越高,试件的动态抗压强度越大。当气压为1.0 MPa时,壁厚3mm、钢纤维掺量1.5%的试件强度达258.3 MPa。与钢纤维高强混凝土相比,钢管钢纤维高强混凝土的抗冲击压缩性能更好,动态抗压强度最大增幅达35.4%,且具备承受多次冲击压缩作用的能力。数值模拟与试验结果吻合度高,表明数值模拟方法具有可行性。     

Experimental and numerical study of ball size effect on restitution coefficient in low velocity impacts

In this article, the Coefficient of Restitution (COR) and Energy Loss Percentage (ELP) of one-dimensional impacts are determined experimentally for different ball sizes using a drop test apparatus. Ball diameters range from 6 to 12 mm, made of steel and aluminum dropped on steel and aluminum sheets.     

键合Cu线无卤直接镀Pd工艺及性能研究

利用扫描电镜、聚焦离子束、强度测试仪研究了键合铜线无卤直接镀钯工艺及不同模具孔径对镀钯键合铜线表面质量、镀层厚度的影响规律,分析了钯层均匀性对键合性能的影响机理.研究结果表明:无卤直接镀钯工艺可获得镀层均匀的镀钯键合铜线;直接镀模具孔径大于被镀铜线直径3~4μm时,镀钯铜线镀层均匀且表面光洁;镀钯铜线钯层不均匀会造成Electronic-Flame-Off(EFO)过程中的Free Air Ball(FAB)偏球缺陷,进而降低焊点力学性能;直接镀钯键合铜线镀层均匀,避免了Free Air Ball(FAB)偏球缺陷,焊点球剪切力≥15 g、球拉力≥8 g,呈非离散分布,满足工业化要求.     

A parametric study on the influence of steel wool fibers in dense asphalt concrete

Environmental conditions combined with traffic loads contribute to premature deterioration of asphalt concrete pavements, reducing their strength and durability over time. To improve it, fibers can be incorporated in the mixture. Additionally, electrically conductive fibers can be used for self-healing purposes. In this context, this paper evaluates the influence of flexible steel fibers (steel wool) on the mechanical and physical properties of dense asphalt concrete. With these purposes, 25 different mixtures, with the same aggregate gradation and amount of bitumen, but with two different fibers lengths, four different percentages, and four different diameters of steel wool have been considered. Additionally, the influence of fibers on test specimens with three different types of damage: water damage, salt water damage and ageing have been evaluated through particle loss tests. Moreover, the influence of different temperatures on the flexural strength of dense asphalt concrete with steel wool fibers has been studied. It was found that steel wool fibers do not significantly improve the mechanical properties and damage resistance of dense asphalt concrete. On the other hand, steel wool fibers can change the air void distribution of a mixture, and therefore even reduce its particle loss resistance. As a recommendation, it is indicated that, for induction heating purposes, short fibers, with big diameters should be used, since they do not seem to alter the original properties of dense asphalt concrete.     

铜包钢线材室温拉变形后的显微组织和力学性能

研究了经室温拉变形后的纯铜包覆Q195钢的不同线径的线材的显微组织及力学性能.结果表明,显微组织自原始的等轴晶变为细长条纤维状,纤维长度与形变量的平方近似地成正比,纤维直径与形变量近似地成反比.经室温拉变形的包覆线材的抗拉强度,随形变量增大而增大,与形变量平方根呈直线关系;但延伸率降低,延伸率波动偏高与晶界融合及Q195钢的渗碳体球化现象吻合.根据原始纯铜和Q195钢的抗拉强度值,可以用复合材料强度的混合法则来近似地预测不同线径的包覆线材的抗拉强度.     

磁控溅射CrC复合镀层对轴承性能可靠性的影响

应用非平衡磁控溅射离子镀技术在6204轴承钢球表面制备出CrC复合镀层,并对CrC镀层轴承和无镀层轴承的性能可靠性进行了实验及其对比分析。研究结果表明,采用平衡磁控溅射离子镀技术制备的CrC复合镀层质量优异;CrC镀层钢球轴承明显降低了轴承的振动值,提高了振动的稳定性和抗温变性能,具有良好的性能可靠性。     

Herstellung und Eigenschaften von glasfaserverstärkten Kunststoff-Stahl-Schichtwerkstoffen

Preparation and Properties of Layered Composites of GFK-Steel The development of insulating joints of GFK and steel is described. The strength of the GFK and steel is described. The strength of the GFK and the adhesion between the GFK and steel is in this context of special interest. Results for the Young's Modulus, the ultimate and adhesion strength measured in bursting and bending tests are compared to those measured in tensile- and adhesion tests; the data agree well with each other. The correspondence between literature data of mechanical properties of the GFK and the measured values is satisfying.     

加载路径对不锈钢球形件内高压成形过程影响

为了研究加载路径对不锈钢球形件内高压成形过程的影响,采用实验方法分析了加载路径对成形过程中缺陷形式的影响,获得了80%膨胀率成形管件的壁厚分布规律.结果表明:当初始内压与屈服强度比值小于0.21时,管坯形成两个皱纹,在整形阶段发生开裂;当初始内压与屈服强度比值大于0.25时,管坯在轴向进给阶段即发生开裂.在初始内压与屈服强度比值为0.21～0.25时,可以成形出合格管件,合格管件最大减薄点位于球形件的最大截面处,最大减薄率为24.5%.本文所成形不锈钢球形件内高压成形区间,合理初始内压与屈服强度比值范围为0.21～0.25.     

Strain aging behaviour of Cu-containing microalloyed low carbon seamless pipeline steel

The effect of strain aging on the microstructure, including copper precipitation, and mechanical properties of an industrially produced Cu-containing microalloyed low carbon pipeline steel has been investigated. The precipitation of round bcc-Cu particles with diameters of ～7?nm has been clearly observed in the microstructure after strain aging. The strength of pipeline steel significantly increased while the elongation and impact toughness did not apparently decrease. Unlike welded pipe, few carbon atoms in supersaturated solid solution diffuse to the mobile dislocations, forming Cottrell atmospheres and producing strain aging phenomenon in seamless pipe. This difference is attributed to the different pipe making technique: thermo mechanically controlled processed for welded pipe and traditional heat-treatment for seamless pipe.