国际可再生能源新闻

1 综合类 美国加州拒绝可再生能源议案 日前,美国加州一个呼吁大量增加可再生能源份额,即要求在2025年将可再生能源发电量达到一半的议案未能通过.这一议案要求每年增加2%的可再生能源发电份额,在2020年可再生能源发电份额达到40%,2025年达到一半.     

站在先进技术前沿 引领行业创新发展 活塞、活塞销分会五届一次会员大会在苏州召开

[本刊讯]10月21日--10月22日,活塞、活塞销分会五届一次会员大会在苏州召开。协会副秘书长魏安力向与会的100多名代表做了“十二五”期间我国内燃机技术发展目标及市场发展目标报告。     

“2011中意企业科技创新交流会”在沪举行

由中国科技部国际合作司、意大利科技创新推广署主办,上海技术交易所、上海科技成果转化促进会承办的2011中意企业科技创新交流会于11月2日在上海南新雅大酒店举行。     

Energy costs for SPA use in San Diego county

We have studied energy use for heating circular spas, with diameters between 6 and 8 ft and a volume-to-surface area ratio of 10 gal/ft², in San Diego County. Energy use and costs may be minimized by using spa covers which have cost-payback periods of 2–22 months; heaters should only be used to reheat spas prior to and during use; energy costs will be reduced by shortening use periods and lengthening intervals between spa uses. Quantitative estimates are given for several spa-use scenarios. The methodology employed in this analysis is generally applicable to the heating of water bodies.     

2001 Symposium on Nuclear Power Systems 6-9 November 2001 San Diego, California

This paper outlines the history of the Fort Wayne Electric Company (USA), an enterprise manufacturing electrical generating equipment and arc lamps. It covers from its origin in 1881 to its eventual demise in 1899, when it was incorporated as the Fort Wayne Electric Works by the General Electric Company.     

A statistical measurement of the heating season effectiveness of ceiling insulation in San Diego

Retrofit R-19 ceiling insulation is evaluated as a natural gas conservation measure in San Diego, California. A statistical measurment comparing 82 test homes and 104 matched control homes resulted in a 95% confidence interval lower bound saving of 21% of total December–February natural gas consumption, an energy payback period of less than one year, and a life cycle cost payback of 6.4 years (assuming a 10% annual fuel escalation factor and a 6% discount rate). An ASHRAE heating degree day analysis was performed giving similar results. It is also demonstrated that insulation saves substantial amounts of natural gas even in the mild fall season and that no statistically significant increase in electricity consumption resulted from installation of insulation. Finally, no evidence was found to support the theory that, due to the mild climate in San Diego, significant numbers of conservation minded people are turning off their furnaces in winter. Addition of insulation enabled test homes to maintain “comfortable” temperatures with smaller expenditures of natural gas.     

Intra-hour forecasting with a total sky imager at the UC San Diego solar energy testbed

A method for intra-hour, sub-kilometer cloud forecasting and irradiance nowcasting using a ground-based sky imager at the University of California, San Diego is presented. Sky images taken every 30 s were processed to determine sky cover using a clear sky library and sunshine parameter. From a two-dimensional cloud map generated from coordinate-transformed sky cover, cloud shadows at the surface were estimated. Limited validation on four partly cloudy days showed that (binary) cloud conditions were correctly nowcast 70% of the time for a network of six pyranometer ground stations spread out over an area of 2 km². Cloud motion vectors were generated by cross-correlating two consecutive sky images. Cloud locations up to 5 min ahead were forecasted by advection of the two-dimensional cloud map. Cloud forecast error increased with increasing forecast horizon due to high cloud cover variability over the coastal site.     

Field study of the effect of low-cost weatherstripping devices on energy use in single-family (San Diego) residences

We present results obtained in field studies of control and test houses provided with low-cost, retrofit infiltration controls. There are significant estimates of average energy savings during both the heating and cooling seasons; however, the 95% confidence intervals for the heating season span the origin and the probability that savings were actually observed is less than 85% for the heating season. The probability that actual savings were measured during the cooling season is greater than 95%. For installations made by homeowners, estimated average payback periods are well below two years and are therefore justified in terms of economic returns resulting from energy savings.     

Applying California's AB 32 targets to the regional level: A study of San Diego County greenhouse gases and reduction strategies

This paper presents a summary of a local effort in California to assess greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and identify potential mitigation measures. Local policymakers in California already have been searching for ways to reduce GHG emissions but it was the California Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006 (AB 32), which seeks to reduce GHG emissions to 1990 levels by 2020, that has provided a framework for regions to evaluate their ability to reduce GHG emissions. We conducted a GHG inventory for the San Diego region from 1990 to 2006, with forecasts to 2020. The region emitted approximately 34 million metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent (MMT CO₂E) in 2006 from anthropogenic sources, which represents a 17% increase over the 1990 level of 29 MMT CO₂E. Applying a combination of 21 existing or pending state GHG reduction mandates and feasible regional measures we show that the region could achieve the AB 32 target. Although the largest reductions are achieved through state mandates, all measures, including at the local level, will be required to achieve the AB 32 target. Thus local regions retain control over a fairly significant portion of reductions, and remain important actors in the implementation and compliance of state mandates.