立式加工中心主轴静刚度测试的新方法

介绍了一种立式加工中心主轴静刚度测试的新方法及进行的试验研究。以立式加工中心XH7132为研究对象,采用应变式力传感器作为测力装置,并用最小二乘法对其进行标定,用标定后的应变式力传感器、电阻应变仪、电感测微仪对主轴静刚度进行测试,得出主轴的静刚度值。     

轴承预紧力对电主轴刚度及使用寿命的影响分析

电主轴的静刚度是其主要性能指标,是机床加工零件精度和质量的保证。轴承作为电主轴的核心支撑部件,其预紧力的增加或减小对主轴的刚度有着重要的影响,同时预紧力的变化也会影响轴承的使用寿命。为了确定轴承的最佳预紧力,通过仿真分析了预紧力的变化对主轴静刚度、固有频率以及使用寿命的影响。分析结果表明：随着预紧力的增加,主轴的静刚度和固有频率都有明显的提高,但同时降低了轴承的使用寿命。     

振动整流法辨识加速度计非线性误差模型系数

为了研究精确标定加速度计在线振动与高g的环境下的误差模型系数的方法.首先介绍了双轴离心机的特点.在反转平台上设计了双轴夹具,然后精确计算了加速度计3个轴的输入比力.经过主轴和反转平台轴正反角位置静态实验,以及主轴与反转平台轴以等值反方向的匀角速率旋转的动态实验,通过振动整流法,并补偿掉静态均值,精确辨识了加速度计的误差模型系数.依据仿真结果可得:该实验方法能够抑制离心机误差对标定精度的影响,其中反转平台的静动态失准角对标定影响最大,应该提高离心机静动态失准角的测试精度,并加以补偿.     

双层预紧式六维力传感器及其静态标定

针对基于传统Stewart结构六维力传感器在解耦、刚度等方面性能的不足,设计并研制一种双层预紧式六维力传感器,并对其进行静态标定试验研究.所设计的六维力传感器采用球窝锥头式球面副代替传统球副,有效地减小了球副的摩擦力矩,另外测量分支只承受压力,消除了力在换向时对接触球面的冲击,提高了整体刚度.基于螺旋理论推导出传感器所施加外力与测量分支轴向力之间的映射关系,进而说明预紧式六维力传感器的测量原理.采用最小二乘线性化标定方法对传感器进行静态解耦和测量误差分析,推导出传感器的标定矩阵和误差矩阵.研制出双层预紧式六维力传感器样机,并进行静态标定试验.经过标定试验,该传感器各方向最大非线性度误差低于满量程的1.17％,最大耦合误差低于满量程的1.82％.试验结果表明双层预紧式六维力传感器具有很高的测量精度,可用于工业生产中对六维力测量要求较高的场合.     

基于NewSpilad的高速电主轴静动态特性分析与研究

文章通过NewSpilad软件对电主轴进行静态和模态分析,探究轴承预紧力和主轴悬伸量对主轴刚度及固有频率影响。结果表明：调整轴承的预紧力对主轴径向刚度影响很小,变化量在20%以下;轴向刚度影响较大,变化量在50%以上;对主轴的固有频率影响较小,最大变化量为24%;增加悬伸量对主轴轴向刚度影响较小,变化量在5%以下;对径向刚度影响较大,变化量在13%左右;一阶固有频率有提升趋势。并通过主轴静动态特性测试试验验证,对比发现有限元分析结果与实际测试结果误差在10%以下。该研究结果为主轴静动态特性分析提供理论基础,进一步提升了主轴设计开发能力。     

机床高速主轴(电主轴)性能测试技术进展

针对机床高速主轴的精度和刚度两项性能指标,结合相关标准和作者在这一研究领域的最新科研成果,介绍了主轴精度测试的两个评价体系与测试技术,分析比较了刚度测试中常用的加载方法的优缺点,提出了非接触气膜加载技术,并将其应用于机床主轴的静动刚度测试。     

高速电主轴静刚度仿真与实验研究

主轴静刚度是评价电主轴静态特性的一项重要指标,对保证精密数控机床的加工精度至关重要。基于典型工况下切削力和角接触球轴承径向刚度计算公式,通过建立的主轴-轴承系统三维有限元模型,仿真获得了在指定工况下电主轴前端轴向变形量及主轴静刚度。在搭建的实验平台上对电主轴进行了静刚度实验。通过对比仿真结果和实验结果,间接验证了该有限元模型的有效性。基于可靠的有限元模型,进一步仿真获得了电主轴静刚度随前后端轴承预紧力的变化情况。     

传感器标定的神经网络杂交建模方法

传感器标定是工程测试中的一个重要环节,直接影响测试结果的精度及可靠性.当被测物理量与传感器输出信号间的关系包含复杂、未知的非线性特性时,传统的标定方法难以达到满意的精度.引入神经网络杂交建模的思想,提出传感器标定的神经网络杂交建模方法,阐明建模过程和步骤.分别以单输入单输出和多输入多输出传感器为例,进行杂交建模标定的仿真研究, 并对一个6维力传感器样机完成了神经网络杂交建模试验标定.仿真与试验结果表明,与传统的标定方法相比,神经网络杂交建模方法能够显著提高传感器的标定精度,同时比神经网络黑箱建模方法具有更小的网络规模和更快的收敛速度,且精度高,泛化推广能力强.     

超精密机床的一种新颖主轴系统

本文介绍了一种用于精密和超精密机床的高精度主轴系统。从对该主轴系统回转精度、静刚度、动刚度的测试曲线中可看出,这种结构主轴是一种切实可用的超精主轴系统。     

陶瓷球轴承接触角和预紧力对高速磨削电主轴静刚度的影响

陶瓷球轴承作为电主轴的核心部件,其结构参数对电主轴的静刚度有着重要的影响。基于角接触球轴承径向刚度计算公式,通过仿真分析研究了接触角和预紧力对电主轴静刚度的影响。通过建立的主轴-轴承系统三维有限元模型,仿真获得了不同接触角和预紧力下主轴前端径向变形及主轴静刚度,进而根据有限元仿真结果拟合得到了主轴静刚度关于接触角和预紧力的拟合方程及拟合曲线。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

ANGULAR DISTORTION ALLOWABLE VALUE AND ASSESS METHOD OF WELD ON COKE TOWER

A graph as the new engineering method for estimate the safety of bulging deformation of coke tower is proposed. Through stresses analysis of circumferential weld of coke tower and comparing the stresses produced by pressure with heat stress of steady state, residual stress, bending stress produced by both itself weight and wind loads, it showed that the stresses produced by pressure on the angle distortion are the main factor of equivalent stress of the combined stress. After comparing four kinds of stress controlling conditions, the relation to stress with depth of angular distortion, grade of curvature of angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been inferred. Graph of deformation allowable value of coke tower for different condition by angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been plotted. The five steps for its engineering use have been explained. The lighter the grade of curvature is, the larger of bulge allowance, may be, and the bigger of depth of angular distortion may pose too. For the coke tower with a popular structure of Dg 5 400 mm×28 mm, the result by graph is nearly more than the result of two formulas formed by other research, the error is less than 7.0%. But, the graph can be easily applied to different size of angular distortion.