碳化硅材料凝胶注模成型工艺的研究

系统研究了碳化硅材料凝胶注模成型过程,研究了固相体积含量、分散剂、有机单体、交联剂和引发剂对碳化硅凝胶注模成型工艺的影响.实验结果表明:固相体积分数为50%,加入0.05%的分散剂,1%有机单体,0.05%交联剂,0.07%引发剂可以得到强度大,显微结构均匀的素坯.     

重结晶碳化硅凝胶注模成型及其性能研究

研究了重结晶碳化硅高温材料的凝胶注模成型，着重讨论了SiC粉体的分散性，悬浮体的流变性、沉降行为以及烧结机理。结果表明，选用适量的分散剂TMAH调整浆料pH=11.9附近可制备出固相体积分数高达70％的SiC浓悬浮体，沉降实验表明，该浓悬浮体中粗细SiC颗粒间能达到均一稳定的分散，服粒子不会明显地沉降，凝胶注膜成型所得坯体在2450℃和氩气氛下烧结可获得重结晶碳化硅高温材料，其体积密度为2．52g.cm^-3，对应的抗弯强度为55．4MPa。     

凝胶注模成型碳化硅陶瓷的烧结和性能

研究了用La2O3:Y2O3=4:1作SiC陶瓷的烧结助剂，同时添加Al2O3改变液相的性质，研究发现；该添加剂系统能有效地降低碳化硅陶瓷的烧结温度，Al2O3的引入提高了液相与碳化硅颗粒的反应性，增加了液相对碳化硅颗粒的润湿性，从而对促进碳化硅的烧结十分有利，烧结温度为1850℃，Al2O3:La2O3:Y2O3=4:4.8:1.2(摩尔）时烧结的碳化硅陶瓷具有最佳性能。     

通过凝胶注模成型和无压烧结制备碳化硅陶瓷

以四甲基氢氧化铵为分散剂,糊精为碳源,通过静电稳定作用,制备了高固相含量、分散良好的碳化硅陶瓷浆料。以水溶性N,N–二甲基丙烯酰胺为单体,N,N’–亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为交联剂,采用实验室开发的偶氮[2–(2–咪唑啉–2–基)]丙烷HCl引发体系,在45～50℃引发单体聚合,制备出水基凝胶注模碳化硅素坯,素坯的相对密度达58%,抗弯强度大于40MPa。进一步通过无压烧结制备相对密度高于98%,硬度达28GPa,强度达530 MPa的SiC陶瓷。对素坯和SiC陶瓷的微结构和力学性能进行了测试和表征。结果表明:采用糊精作为碳源可以提高凝胶注模浆料的分散性,避免凝胶过程中的碳阻聚问题,有利于制备出高性能的碳化硅陶瓷材料。     

凝胶注模莫来石/碳化硅复合陶瓷的显微结构与力学性能

以SiC粉和莫来石粉为原料,采用凝胶注模成型工艺制备莫来石/碳化硅复合陶瓷,研究了莫来石含量对复合陶瓷显微结构和力学性能的影响,结果表明:随莫来石含量增加,复合陶瓷气孔率先降低后升高,而力学性能呈相反变化趋势。当莫来石含量为20%(体积分数)时,材料气孔率达到最小值9.4%,线收缩率以及弹性模量达到最大值26.5%和148.6 GPa;在莫来石含量为30%时抗弯强度和断裂韧性达到最大值397.7 MPa和4.17MPa.m1/2。适量莫来石的加入明显改善了材料的力学性能,过多则由于莫来石挥发而在材料中产生缺陷,材料性能下降。     

氧化锆陶瓷的凝胶注模成型研究

研究了氧化锆陶瓷凝胶注模成型工艺中单体、引发剂、固相含量、固化温度对料浆的凝胶固化时间的影响及坯体在干燥、烧成中的影响因素.     

SiC陶瓷凝胶注模成形研究

采用丙烯酰胺单体及合适的外加剂，可较好地实现SiC陶瓷的凝胶注模成型，SiC浆料注模成形合适的pH值为10，热固化温度为60℃，脱模时间为6小时。每100克SiC中加入8克丙烯酰胺时，坯体强度可达7.42MPa。     

氧化铝陶瓷凝胶注模成型工艺研究

本文介绍了氧化铝陶瓷的凝胶注模成型工艺。所制备的浓悬浮体的固相体积分数高达60vol%,粘度低于200mPa.S。脱脂后的坯体密度可达理论密度的62%,抗弯强度达19Mpa。研究了球磨时间、固相体积含量和助烧剂对悬浮体的粘度的影响,并研究了有机单体与交联剂的比例与含量对生坯抗弯强度的影响。     

压力对凝胶注模成型95氧化铝陶瓷性能的影响

本文采用低毒的MAM-MBAM凝胶体系代替AM-MBAM有毒体系制备95氧化铝陶瓷,为改善成型后坯体的性能,在凝胶注模成型过程中给予浆料压力.研究发现在压力为0.3 MPa时获得的坯体表面光洁,线收缩率大,体密度高,结构均匀,成品率高,质量好.本文还并研究了压力对95氧化铝陶瓷烧结体线收缩率和体密度以及洛氏硬度的影响.实验结果表明:压力辅助凝胶注模成型所得坯体烧结后性能优于无压直接注模成型坯体,压力为0.3MPa时线收缩率最小,体密度最高可达3.81 g/cm3,洛氏硬度最高.坯体显微结构显示,陶瓷粉料被有机高分子网络很好地粘结在一起,并且压力注模的坯体中陶瓷粉料堆积紧密,结构均匀致密.烧结后,压力注模成型坯体晶粒发育良好,气孔较无压直接注模烧结体少,烧结致密性能优异.     

熔融石英陶瓷的凝胶注模成型研究

本文介绍了熔融石英陶瓷的凝胶注模成型,所制备的浓悬浮体的固相体积含量可达80％,烧后密度可达理论密度的87％。     

粒子弥散强化氮化硅基陶瓷

运用晶界工程理论，选择能形成高耐炎度晶界相的Ｙ２Ｏ３和Ｌａ２Ｏ３双稀土氧化物为Ｓｉ３Ｎ４陶瓷烧结助剂，材料具有优异的高温强度。第二相碳化硅粒子的引入有效地改善了氮化陶瓷的显微结构和力学性能。以无压烧结工艺制备的高性能α／β－Ｓｉａｌｏｎ复相陶瘊等在实际应用中获得良好效果。     

A novel gel-cast SiC with potential application in turbine hot section: Investigation of the rheological behavior and mechanical properties

Using a gel-cast technique, SiC bodies were fabricated and their mechanical properties were thoroughly studied. The main goal of this study is improvement of SiC green body features by the adjustment of slurry composition or processing parameters. The influences of gel-casting parameters such as the monomer acrylamide (AM) content, tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide (TMAH) content as a dispersant, the ratio of the monomer to crosslinking agent AM/MBAM content and the ammonium persulfate (APS) as an initiator on the properties of the samples were investigated. Based on the viscosity measurement and sedimentation tests, TMAH exhibited great electro-sterically stability at the pH of 10–11. After the gel-cast process, the relative density of sintered body can be enhanced to 93% and its flexural strength can reach 293 MPa at the optimized gel-casting process that has an AM content 15%, a TMAH content of 0.4 wt%, an AM:MBAM ratio of 17.5:1, an APS 10% and a solid content of 50 vol%, comparable to the best results reported in the other works for SiC bodies.     

碳化硅耐火材料的研究进展

我国从50年代,就开始研究先进的结构陶瓷,SiC耐火制品也有40多年的研究历史,在50年代初,研制成功并迅速建成投产,满足了炼锌竖罐精馏的特殊要求^[1]。前苏联、日本、美国对SiC耐火材料的研究更早一些。SiC耐火材料具有优良的高温性能,广泛应用于化工,冶金、能源、机械、建材、刀具等领域。本文简要介绍SiC耐火材料的研究进展。     

硅、铝溶胶对碳化硅窑具的结构及性能的影响

以SiC颗粒为骨料,硅微粉为基体相,硅、铝凝胶在高温下形成纳米颗粒作为增强相制备了碳化硅窑具,分析了硅、铝溶胶的添加量对碳化硅窑具烧结特性、力学性能、物相组成及显微结构的影响规律.结果表明,硅、铝溶胶的添加可以增强碳化硅窑具的力学性能.当单独添加硅溶胶量为2.0％时,其抗弯强度可达19.67 MPa,当单独添加铝溶胶的量为1.1％时,抗弯强度为19.26 MPa,当同时添加硅、铝溶胶总量为3.06％时,其抗弯强度可达到18.10 MPa,但过多溶胶的引入会导致碳化硅窑具中气孔的增多从而影响碳化硅窑具的致密化.     

氧化反应结合SiC基陶瓷的制备与性能

本文采用反应结合制备方法,通过对坯体进行预氧化使ＳｉＣ颗凿表面氧化形成ＳｉＯ２,而后在烧成中与添中剂ＡＩ２Ｏ３－Ｙ２Ｏ３反应,使坯体气化率减少,制备了多孔ＳｉＣ基陶瓷。文章探讨了坯体中ＳｉＣ的氧化特征、反应结合过程和相变化以及它们对烧结体性能的影响。     

SiC纳米线增强反应烧结碳化硅陶瓷的性能研究

以单晶SiC纳米线作为增强体,碳化硅-碳为陶瓷基体,在1550℃下,采用反应烧结制备碳化硅基陶瓷复合材料(SiCnf/SiC).结合X射线衍射、万能试验机和扫描电镜等检测和分析,研究SiC纳米线对复合材料的微结构和力学性能的影响.研究表明:与未加入SiC纳米线的反应烧结碳化硅陶瓷相比,添加SiC纳米线的复合陶瓷的抗弯强度和断裂韧性都得到显著的提高,抗弯强度提高了52％,达到320 MPa(SiC纳米线含量为12wt％),断裂韧性提高了40.6％,达到4.5 MPa· m1/2(SiC纳米线含量为15wt％);反应后的SiC纳米线仍然可以保持原有的竹节状结构,且随着SiC纳米线的加入,复合陶瓷的断口可以观察到SiC纳米线拔出现象.但由于SiC纳米线“架桥”的现象,添加过量的纳米线会降低复合陶瓷的密度和限制复合陶瓷力学性能的提高.同时还讨论了SiCnf/SiC的增强机理.     

Effect of β-to-α Phase Transformation on the Microstructural Development and Mechanical Properties of Fine-Grained Silicon Carbide Ceramics

Ultrafine β-SiC powders mixed with 7 wt% Al₂O_3, 2 wt% Y₂O₃, and 1.785 wt% CaCO₃ were hot-pressed and subsequently annealed in either the absence or the presence of applied pressure. Because the β-SiC to α-SiC phase transformation is dependent on annealing conditions, the novel processing technique of annealing under pressure can control this phase transformation, and, hence, the microstructures and mechanical properties of fine-grained liquid-phase-sintered SiC ceramics. In comparison to annealing without pressure, the application of pressure during annealing greatly suppressed the phase transformation from β-SiC to α-SiC. Materials annealed with pressure exhibited a fine microstructure with equiaxed grains when the phase transformation from β-SiC to α-SiC was <30 vol%, whereas materials annealed without pressure developed microstructures with elongated grains when phase transformation was >30 vol%. These results suggested that the precise control of phase transformation in SiC ceramics and their mechanical properties could be achieved through annealing with or without pressure.     

Tribological Properties of Silicon Carbide and Silicon Carbide–Graphite Composite Ceramics in Sliding Contact

A monolithic SiC ceramic and two SiC–C composite ceramics containing 10 and 20 vol% graphite were fully densified with Al₄C₃ and B₄C as additives. The tribological properties of these materials were evaluated by sliding against sintered silicon carbide under dry conditions using two tribometers, block-on-ring and pin-on-disk, where wear occurred under low and high contact stresses, respectively. For all three materials, under low stress, worn surfaces were smooth and wear processes were dominated by tribochemical reaction; under high stress, worn surfaces were rough and wear processes were dominated by fracture and three-body abrasion. A lubricating effect of the graphite particles in the SiC–C composites was observed in all sliding tests. However, while the addition of graphite could concurrently result in a reduction in friction and an increase in wear resistance in the block-on-ring tests, the addition of graphite led to sharply enhanced wear rates despite the lowered coefficients of friction in the pin-on-disk tests. The cause for that difference was attributed to the effect of both the hardness of the materials and the contact stresses.     

Phase Transformation and Texture in Hot-Forged or Annealed Liquid-Phase-Sintered Silicon Carbide Ceramics

Starting from three powder mixtures of 80 vol% SiC (100α, 50α/50β, 100β) and 20 vol% YAG, liquid-phase-sintered silicon carbide ceramics were prepared by hot pressing at 1800°C for 1 h under 25 MPa, and then by hot forging or annealing at 1900°C for 4 h under an applied stress of 25 MPa in argon. The phase transformation and texture development in the as-hot-pressed, hot-forged, and annealed SiC ceramics were investigated via X-ray diffraction (XRD) and the pole figure measurements. The 6H → 4H polytypic transformation was observed in samples consisting of both α- and β-SiC phases when subjected to compressive deformation but absent in the case of annealing, suggesting the deformation-enhanced solubility of aluminum in SiC. Deformation was also found to enhance the 3C → 4H transformation in the sample containing entirely β-phase, which is due to the accelerated solution-precipitation process assisted by grain boundary sliding. The current study showed that the β- →α-phase transformation had little effect on texture development in SiC. Hot forging generally produced the strongest texture, with the calculated maximum of 2.2 times random in samples started with pure α-SiC phase. The mechanism for texture development was explained based on the microstructural observations.     

Effects of Intergranular Phase Chemistry on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Silicon Carbide Ceramics Densified with Rare-Earth Oxide and Alumina Additions

Based on the processing strategy of improving the mechanical properties of liquid-phase-sintered materials by modifying the secondary phase chemistry, four rare-earth oxides (RE₂O₃, RE = La, Nd, Y, and Yb), in combination with alumina, were used as sintering aids for a submicrometer-size β-SiC powder. Doped with 5 vol% RE₂O₃+ Al₂O₃ additives, all specimens were hot-pressed to near full-densities at 1800°C, and they exhibited similar microstructures and grain size distributions. The SiC grains in all specimens revealed a core-rim structure after being plasma-etched, indicating that they were densified via the same solution-reprecipitation mechanism. It was found that a decrease in the cationic radius of the rare-earth oxides was accompanied by an increase in Young's modulus, hardness, and flexural strength of the SiC ceramics, whereas the fracture toughness was improved by incorporating rare-earth oxides of larger cationic radius. The changes in the mechanical properties were attributed to the difference in the chemistry of the intergranular phases in the four ceramics.