Redlining in Residential Mortgages in Johannesburg,South Africa

The aim of the research in the paper was to study redlining practice within the greater Johannesburg area. The aim can be summarised by the following objectives： firstly, to investigate the evidence of redlining in the Greater Johannesburg area and to test its existence; secondly, to investigate the reasons why the areas were redlined; thirdly, to understand what the South Africa government and society did to combat the redlining practice. The research methodology was based on a questionnaire and interviews. A pool of respondents from the Greater Johannesburg suburbs that had interest or were affected by the practice of redlining was sought and interviewed. Analysis of the responses was made and conclusions were drawn from the responses. Secondary data was also sought from publications on the redlining practice to support the primary interviews data. From the interview responses and the secondary data, it was established that redlining existed in Greater Johannesburg and that the areas where redlining was practised could be marked on a map.     

非洲城市供水面临的挑战

Infrastructure and basic services have a crucial role to play in alleviating urban poverty, especially in A frica. Alack of or inadequate access to water, sanitation and energy denies individual rights to dignity and health. It also has major repercussions on education, gender equality, nutrition and income-earning capacity. With 72 percentor 187 million people- of its urban population living in slums, infrastructure and basic services are a major challenge for Africa. As part of its strategy to reduce urban poverty, UN-Habitat launched its Water for African Cities programme in 1999. This article gives a brief account of the programme.     

“一带一路”倡议下中东阿拉伯国家工业城发展与规划研究（英文）

Industrial city is an important concept in urban planning.This paper discusses the connotation,origination,quantity,scale,type,distribution,achievements,and planning characteristics of industrial cities in the Middle East Arab countries through literature,statistical,and comparative analyses.It identifies the problems and challenges industrial cities in the Middle East Arab countries are facing and proposes relevant countermeasures for their transformation under the new situation of the Belt and Road Initiative.At present,the research shows that there are about 100 industrial cities planned and constructed in Saudi Arabia,Syria,Qatar,and other Middle East Arab countries.Composed of free trade zones,industrial parks,and handicraft zones,a multi-levelled carrier system is formed for regional industrialization,helping to optimize the urban and economic geography pattern and to promote the integration of industrialization and urbanization of the region.They become a systematic upgrade and comprehensive transcendence of free trade zones and industrial zones,forming a comprehensive platform for the Middle East Arab countries to promote resource development and integration,industry upgrading and transformation,and industry-city integration and symbiosis.The paper proposes that China and the Middle East Arab countries should learn from each other regarding the planning and development of industrial cities and manage to achieve the coordinated development between China’s Overseas International Cooperation Parks and the Middle East Arab countries’ industrial cities.     

可持续的城市化——实现可持续发展

Sustainable urbanization is a dynamic, multi-dimensional process. It embraces relationships between all human settlements, from small towns to metropolises, as well as between urban centres and their surrounding rural areas. Most crucially, it includes not only environmental but also social, economic and political-institutional sustainability. To move towards sustainable urbanization, it will be necessary to learn from recent experience and to develop and operationalise new ideas and approaches to address a wide range of concerns. The World Summit on Sustainable Development provide a timely opportunity to look more closely at the challenges and opportunities posed by urbanization-an opportunity to broaden the ways in which we think about sustainable development and the means by which the global community seeks to achieve it.     

学术动态

学术会议CONFERENCE ARABIAN WORLD CONSTRUCTION SUMMIT Date 2009102/09-2009/02/11 Theme MEED's Arabian World Construction Summit returns in 2009 which provides a response to industry demand for a strategic platform for high-level debate. Under the theme,‘Business sustainability in a challenging market', the summit will bring together representatives from government, industry stakeholders, investors and regulators involved in the thriving Middle East construction market. Join us and engage in the most current a...     

南非的出租住房

The Government of South Africa is committed to expanding homeownership on a large scale but represents major exceptions in developing countries insofar as they realize that this route alone cannot solve everyone‘s housing problem. Even the delivery of subsidies for homeownership on a major scale will not solve the housing crisis in the country. A demand for rental housing remains and something needs to be done to encourage its development. This article gives an introduction to South African rental housing.     

Evolution of Spatial Pattern of China's Urbanization and Its Impacts on Regional Development

Along with the remarkable economic growth,China has been experiencing a rapid urbanization in the past 60 years.However,the development of urbanization was not coordinated with regional development and the distributions of population and economy were discrete.With the method of centroid analysis,this paper demonstrates the spatial pattern of China’s urbanization and its evolution thereof from 1952 to 2005.Two indices are set up to represent the coupling states of three centroids,by which the impacts of urbanization on regional development are analyzed.In the end,from the angle of spatial pattern,this paper summarizes the characteristics of China’s urbanization,its evolution and its interaction with economic development,and then gives several suggestions on the population policy for the balanced regional development in the country.     

Study on Urbanization Development Strategy along Wuhan to Xianning Intercity Rail

As the development of＂two-oriented society＂ in Wuhan urban agglomeration, the intercity railway will be an important way of driving the development of urbanization in Wuhan urban agglomeration. Intercity railway shortens the time in traffic between surrounding cities of Wuhan and it brings a lot of people, materials and information. It has also brought opportunities and challenges to the areas along intercity railway. The question is how to seize the development opportunities and coordinate the contradiction between development and environmental protection, and taking a new type urbanization. The paper, studying on the areas along Wuhan to Xianning intercity railway, made a summary of the objective law of urbanization and the influence to the along areas by the intercity railway, meanwhile, had experienced from the developed areas which along the intercity railway both in China and abroad. Then the paper proposed the urbanization development strategy from the aspect of land use, industry, population and transportation on the basis of analysis to be economic base and development conditions of the areas.     

Planning Strategic Sustainable Development in Malaysia by Incorporating the Concept of Low Carbon Society

Malaysia has undergone rapid urbanization and economic growth for past decades and is expected to continue to have an average economic grow at 5%-6% per annum in the next five years. This phenomenon of growth and pursuit of socio-economic progress has great impact not only on the economy but also on community life style and environment. The concept of sustainable development was adopted by Malaysia government as early as mid 1990s to address some of the emerging environmental issues and more specifically on climate change issues recently. Malaysia government announced a commitment of voluntary 40% reduction in CO2 emission intensity by 2020 during the Conference of Party （COP15） meeting in Copenhagen in 2009. In parallel to this commitment of CO2 emission reduction, the concept of sustainable development in urban planning should incorporate a more comprehensive and quantitative approach in the preparation of development plan as well as in exercising the routine development control practice at the local planning authority. This paper prepares a quantitative scenario study on the establishment of low carbon society in Iskandar Malaysia.     

Study on Planning Standards for Urban Renewal Areas in Shenzhen

The paper starts from the origin and evolution of city planning standards of Shenzhen before analyzing the new demands for the standards by the development of city renewal amid city transition,and establishes a primary framework for the planning standards and requirements.In addition,on the basis of comparing with the formulation of planning standards of Hong Kong,Shanghai,and Changsha,the paper carries out a discussion on the formulation ideas and main contents of the planning standards for the urban renewal areas in Shenzhen.Moreover,the paper also analyzes the standards for renewal objects,scope,mode,functions guidance,development control,and public facilities,all of which are quite heated issues and key elements in the process of formulation and approval of renewal planning,in order to improve the institutional structure of the City Planning Standards and Requirements of Shenzhen and meet the government’s demand in realizing a refined management.     

Mining seismicity in the Witwatersrand Basin:monitoring, mechanisms and mitigation strategies in perspective

The Kaapvaal Craton in South Africa hosts one of the largest gold placer deposits in the world. Mining in the Witwatersrand Basin here has been the source of about one third to one half of the gold ever produced in the world. Gold was discovered in the Johannesburg area in 1886 and after 120 years of continuous operation, mining is currently approaching depths of 4 000 m. In spite of the challenges and risks that the industry has had to deal with including rock temperature, ventilation and water, one of the most feared hazards in the basin has been the threat from the ongoing occurrence of seismicity and rockbursts. The problem first manifested itself by way of the occurrence of tremors roughly twenty years after the commencement of mining operations. This paper traces the history of the approach to rockbursts and seismicity during the 120 year history of mining in the basin. It portrays a picture of the mining seismicity in terms of monitoring phases, mechanisms and mitigation strategies. The work of research organizations over the years is highlighted with a brief mention of current regulation strategies on the part of the mining inspectorate.     

In Search for a Healthy,Civilized and Sustainable Development

World development always come to crossroads.Atpresent,people find the need for a sustainableaffordable and livable environment for developmentfrom the setbacks they have suffered in nature,this is on-ly too correct.But,due to the different stages of develop-ment reached by individual countries,there should bemore definite goals and more reliable measures for eachcountry.I shall emphasize two basic ideas:     

孟加拉高塔

RMJM have recently been commissioned by Unitech Ltd to design a new, dynamic, landmark development of international quality in Kolkata, India. Located on the city approach road from the airport and adjoining an upcoming commercial and residential area, the tower development, which contains of office, hotel, retail and serviced apartment elements, will make a positive contribution to     

法国里昂应对全球化的城市发展战略

Lyon, capital of the Rhone-Alpes Region with a population of 1.2 million, is situated in south-eastern France.Since the early 1980s, Lyon has been undergoing a transition from a mainly industrial centre to a city region dominated by the service sector with a major emphasis on education, transport and information technology.The article introduces the city development strategy in Lyon and lessons can be learned from it.     

A Study on Correlation Between Car Use Tax and Urban Space Development:Based on Bid Rent Function of Urban Land-use

Based on the model of the bid rent function in a mono-centric city,this paper,by introducing the concept of opportunity cost and extending partial equilibrium analysis to general equilibrium analysis,conducts a theoretical analysis on the possibility that the typical car use taxes including fuel consumption tax,traffic congestion tax,and parking tax can affect the urban space development through their impact on transport cost and the rent bid under certain conditions.Some conclusions drawn from the comparison might be useful when it comes to the practical problems of urban space development.     

“场所空间”与“流动空间”双重视角的“大湾区”发展研究——以粤港澳大湾区为例（英文）

This paper makes a systematic analysis on the development characteristics and evolution process of the built-up areas,as well as the sub-structure of the network connectivity and the functional division,of core cities in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao region from the dual perspectives of "space of places" and "space of flows." It does so by using data of satellite remote sensing and industrial census to describe the spatial development trend and to establish an urban connectivity network based on the headquarter-branch data of enterprises.It also reveals the development differences within and outside of the Bay Area in Guangdong Province.The research shows that,firstly,since the new century,the integration of the Bay Area has become more obvious for Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao region,as it has developed in a highly-concentrated way around the Bay Area of the Pearl River Estuary.Secondly,Guangdong,Shenzhen,Hong Kong,and Macao exhibited a more obvious regional division of labor,and their functions have been increasingly complementary to each other.Thirdly,a regional hub of "two sectors"–linking outside to the world city network and driving internal development of regional hinterland has been formed.Finally,based on the conclusion of the empirical research,development and planning implications of the Bay Area are discussed.     

Tourism as an Industry in Heritage Site-A Case Study on World Heritage Site of Fujian Tulou

Cultural heritage is seen as a cultural capital. The heritage tourism increases the local employment and income, however, brings some problems at the same time, changing the traditional living way and industrial structure. The sustainability of economic development by tourism is also questioned. Fujian Tulou is a world heritage site in China, inscribed in 2008. The nomination has brought great changes to the sites, especially the flourishing tourism industries by the local communities as well as the tourism companies. The latter also take part in the management of the heritage site and get most of the income. The data in economic areas is analyzed in this study and explains the cultural tourism as a positive drive for the local economy, which contributes little to the life of locals. With the analysis of the changes and benefits from the tourism, we have found that tourism, as a dominant industry, might be a potential negative element for heritage conservation. According to the different situations of sites in Fujian Tulou, a proper planning of management is in need to integrate the tourism, conservation and development.     

Legislation of Urban Planning Public Policy from the Perspective of Legal Boundary: Enlightenment from the Evolution of Planning Laws

The transition of urban-rural planning to public policy has become a common recognition in the planning fi eld. The new challenge is how to combine such a transition with legislation development. This paper reviews the disciplinary development and legislation of urban-rural planning, and analyzes the effects of the public policy transition on law implementation and administrative power from the perspective of the legal boundary. It points out that the defi nition of the legal boundary of urban-rural planning laws is signifi cant for identifying the impact of public policy, ensuring the implementation of regulations on administrative power, and scoping effective urban-rural spaces. It argues that the core of public policy legalization is to establish value judgments for public policy making, to specify authorization and restraint to administrative power, and to reduce confl icts between public policies and governments’ administrative actions in urban-rural spaces. Furthermore, this paper discusses some other relevant issues on how to complete the public policy legalization.     

Institution-led Urbanization:The “Third Leapfrog” of Town Development in Sunan

Based on a review on the history of urbanization in Sunan, the paper argues that Sunan has entered a new development phase of institution-led urbanization. After 30-year development since the opening and reform, there has been a remarkable development of small towns in Sunan. Some towns and townships are transforming into medium and small-sized cities and the urban-rural relationship has also fundamentally changed. In the new development phase, neither the existing administrative and fiscal systems, nor the actual institutions and policies relative to urbanization are efficient enough for further promoting the socio-economic development of this area, so institutional innovations are quite necessary. At the end, the paper puts forward certain suggestions on improving and reforming related institutions and policies for town development in Sunan.