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近年来,由于城市发展加快,我国多地产生热岛效应,对城市居民居住环境和城市的生态环境产生了影响。研究表明,海绵城市建设通过增加城市绿化面积,改善城市生态布局,在一定程度上能够缓解热岛效应。本文通过梳理国内外热岛效应研究现状,总结城市热岛效应的影响因素,提出海绵城市缓解热岛效应的办法。 相似文献
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近二十年来,中国城市的快速扩张.城市人口高度密集.城市生态环境形势曰益严峻.城市中心区热岛效应显著,且土地资源异常紧张.可绿化的土地越来越少。屋顶绿化作为城市常规绿化的一种补充,具有美化环境.净化空气.减少环境污染.提高城市蓄排水能力及缓解城市热岛效应。[第一段] 相似文献
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上海城市居住区绿化缓解热岛效应研究进展 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
"热岛效应"作为城市建设大规模扩张而产生的热环境现象,已直接威胁城市居住区人们的正常生活与工作,合理绿化是解决这一问题经济有效及符合可持续发展的方法。居住区植物种类、斑块乔木配置、绿地通风状况和绿量的差异都将导致截然不同的降温效果。研究发现:单株植物中蒸腾降温能力较强的基本都属于纸质叶片结构,绿地斑块乔木盖度大小决定了绿化降温效果,大乔木降温效果比草坪高2.2℃,立体绿化可降低室温达0.5℃~5℃,居住区平均温度与乔木面积比例、绿化覆盖率、绿化最大斑块面积呈正相关,与绿化斑块的破碎度呈负相关。并首次讨论了三维绿量及人均绿量与居住区热岛效应的相关性。 相似文献
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城市核心区的高密度开发方式,会对生态环境造成诸多负面影响,基于生态低碳的设计理念对高密度片区的开发尤为重要。屋顶绿化因其节约和高效利用空间的特点,成为此类地区应对用地紧张和环境问题的理想手段之一。很多学者都在探究绿化与城市热岛效应之间的关系,然而目前并没有针对如何使用给出具体的建议。以广州金融城起步区为例,通过三维气候模拟软件ENVI-met system构建模型,对屋顶绿化在缓解城市热岛效应方面的影响进行分析,模拟结果证实了屋顶绿化是缓解高密度地区热岛效应、增加城市绿地面积、促进城市生态环境优化的有效手段。提出一定规模、合适高度的屋顶绿化在高密度地区可作为"绿色缓冲区"和"绿地斑块",弥补绿化密度低带来的高层建筑以外的区域与集中绿地"冷岛"隔离的微气候问题。 相似文献
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以娄底市区为例,基于LandSat5 TM定量反演了城市亮度温度,采用Quick Bird数据解译了城市绿化现状,通过研究亮度温度与绿化覆盖率的关系,对城市绿化规划布局进行了探讨.研究表明:娄底市城区热岛效应显著,热岛中心主要分布在旧城区,最高温度为30.78℃;城市亮度温度与绿化覆盖率呈现负相关,相关系数为-0.9,通过提高城市绿化率等方法可以有效缓解城市热岛效应;城市绿地系统应根据娄底城市热场分布的特点,有重点、有针对性地进行规划布局,建立完善的城市绿地系统是改善城市热环境的根本保证. 相似文献
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随着汉中市城市建设速度的加快,居民住房压力的变大,居住区的建设数量和规模也越来越大,高层居住区的建设更是伴随着形势迅猛的发展,同时在居住区的建设和使用过程中,不可避免的出现了一些风热环境问题,对人们户外活动的舒适性造成了严重的影响,同时还会增加建筑能耗,产生污染物,由此造成热岛效应等一系列问题.因此如何营造良好居住区室外热环境,采取合理有效的措施缓解汉中市居住区热岛效应显得尤为重要. 相似文献
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减少居住小区热岛效应并研究相应的预测方法和优化措施,能为缓解城市热岛效应提供有利条件。本文以具体项目为例,采用集总参数法,并结合PHOENICS软件的应用,对居住小区热岛效应进行了研究。首先分析了项目气候条件以及建筑物、道路、绿地、水体的热工参数的确定方法,然后通过模拟计算得出热岛效应的结果,并在分析后指出采用该研究方法时应重点关注变化趋势和规律,同时给出居住小区下垫面设计时在绿化率、水体、硬地等方面的设计建议。 相似文献
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城市绿地对于改善城市微气候、缓解城市热岛效应有重要作用,且不同的植物配置、绿地形态以及植被结构所产生的效果不同。以严寒地区典型城市哈尔滨为例,采用现场实测的方法,针对不同植被结构的居住区绿地进行冬夏两季微气候现场实测,对不同植被结构的微气候调节性能进行深入研究,比较分析不同植被结构影响下的空气温度、相对湿度和风速。结果表明:随着植被结构趋于复杂,植被对于冬季冷风的遮挡作用和夏季的降温增湿作用均随之增强。该研究为严寒地区城市居住区景观设计提供参考依据。 相似文献
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To address the worsening problems of global warming and the urban heat island effect, ecological cities and building environment greening are being promoted in population-dense urban areas domestically and abroad. For example, the Japanese Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport, and Tourism announced the CASBEE-HI (Heat Island) assessment system in 2008 as a response to worsening urban warming and urban heat island effects. The Ministry implemented “Building Space Greening Plans” in Tokyo, Osaka, and other cities, enforcing by law the effective reduction of urban temperatures and improving urban living environments and alleviating the threat of urban ecological disasters. Therefore, this study integrates Taiwan domestic and foreign building space greening design, derived greening benefits, implementation promotion methods, and greening design policies as measurement constructs to examine the mutual influence between different constructs and to analyze the degree of influence on the urban real estate market. 相似文献
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我国城市生态小区建设研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在分析我国城市住宅小区建设中面临问题的基础上,提出了提高生态环境意识,注重小区规划,加强新材料、新技术的研发以及探索小区发展模式等建设生态小区的措施,以满足可持续发展理论对人居环境的要求。 相似文献
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通过屋顶绿化扩大城市绿色空间和绿色面积,是改善城市生态环境的重要途径。大面积推广城市屋顶绿化,对缓解我国城市化进程中日趋突出的生态恶化、土地存量骤减、“热岛效应”等问题,无疑是一种现实而有效的应对之策,在当前建设资源节约型、环境友好型社会的新形势下加快发展屋顶绿化事业对缓解城市绿化用地紧张、改善城市空间环境等方面具有重要的意义。 相似文献
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Daytime urban heat island effect in high-rise and high-density residential developments in Hong Kong
《Energy and Buildings》2004,36(6):525-534
Nearly 60% of electrical energy use in Hong Kong is for space conditioning during summer months. The paper investigates the impact of design-related variables on outdoor micro level daytime heat island effect in residential developments in Hong Kong. The paper hypothesizes that the differences in outdoor temperatures within and between residential developments can be explained by the impact of design-related variables on the overall environment. Case studies of three large housing estates reveal urban heat island effect (UHI) in the order of 1.5 °C within an estate, and 1.0 °C between estates. The results indicate that energy efficient designs can be achieved by manipulating surface albedo, sky view factor and total height to floor area ratio (building massing) while maximizing cross ventilation. 相似文献
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《Energy and Buildings》2004,36(8):771-779
In the summer of 2002, measurements were simultaneously performed to investigate the characteristics of heat flow in urban areas at three locations in Kyoto city: (1) a commercial urban area mixed with low-rise traditional residential buildings that represents the urban area of Kyoto; (2) a university campus area with lots of green zones; and (3) a plaza covered with a concrete slab which was used as a reference point of measurement. Heat flux of boundary layer over the three locations and the surface temperatures of building walls and streets were measured to investigate the urban thermal environment. For the analysis, a new simulation code was developed by combining unsteady state heat conduction of building walls and grounds, radiation heat exchange between them, and airflow by computational fluid dynamics (CFD). By using this code, the thermal environment of the urban areas such as air temperature, humidity, wind velocity, and boundary layer heat flux was predicted and compared with the measured results. It was found that this model could predict the real thermal environment of the urban area. Using this code, the effect of additional green on roofs and grounds can be investigated in order to mitigate urban heat island and to improve urban thermal environment at the street level. 相似文献