低复杂度的双基地MIMO雷达阵列优化方法

针对双基地MIMO雷达的稀疏发射和接收阵列联合优化时由于二维角度搜索导致其计算量较大的问题,提出一种低复杂度的双基地MIMO雷达稀疏阵列优化方法。该方法利用MIMO雷达方向图乘积定理将二维角度的优化目标函数分解成两个一维角度的目标函数,然后可以利用遗传算法分别对发射阵列和接收阵列进行优化。该方法不需要二维角度搜索优化,在保证阵列方向图旁瓣抑制性能的基础上,降低了阵列优化的复杂度。仿真结果验证了所提方法的有效性。     

Decorrelation in interferometric radar echoes

A radar interferometric technique for topographic mapping of surfaces, implemented utilizing a single synthetic aperture radar (SAR) system in a nearly repeating orbit, is discussed. The authors characterize the various sources contributing to the echo correlation statistics, and isolate the term which most closely describes surficial change. They then examine the application of this approach to topographic mapping of vegetated surfaces which may be expected to possess varying backscatter over time. It is found that there is decorrelation increasing with time but that digital terrain model generation remains feasible. The authors present such a map of a forested area in Oregon which also includes some nearly unvegetated lava flows. Such a technique could provide a global digital terrain map     

海洋背景下雷达测高优化的一种方法

雷达辐射波在传播过程中受海面对流层波导效应以及回波多径影响,波导效应导致雷达波束偏离真实位置;多径效应导致雷达阵面端回波幅度、相位矢量叠加,限制了雷达的测高精确度。针对岸基雷达海面方位测高精确度误差大,提出通过反演大气修正参数的方法提高雷达测高精确度。基于目标一次航迹信息、二次雷达高度信息,通过雷达测高公式拟合大气修正参数,将拟合后的大气修正参数代替雷达数据处理测高公式中的原k系数。通过Matlab软件统计海面方位大气参数修正前后雷达测高精确度的变化,实验结果表明,大气参数修正后雷达测高精确度提高了50.8%。     

干涉法制造椭圆环光栅

本文给出了利用透射圆锥透镜（Ａｘｉｃｏｎ）制造全息椭圆环衍射光栅的基本原理，实验方法和结果。     

Mueller and Kennaugh matrices in radar polarimetry

This paper is concerned with the notions of the Mueller matrix and the Kennaugh (or Stokes scattering) matrix, that are commonly used in the field of radar polarimetry. Although these two matrices are quite similar, there exists a basic difference between them that seems to have been overlooked by a number of researchers, resulting in a great deal of confusion. An attempt is made to clarify this point and to present the basic relationships of radar polarimetry in a compact form     

A review of target decomposition theorems in radar polarimetry

In this paper, we provide a review of the different approaches used for target decomposition theory in radar polarimetry. We classify three main types of theorem; those based on the Mueller matrix and Stokes vector, those using an eigenvector analysis of the covariance or coherency matrix, and those employing coherent decomposition of the scattering matrix. We unify the formulation of these different approaches using transformation theory and an eigenvector analysis. We show how special forms of these decompositions apply for the important case of backscatter from terrain with generic symmetries     

一种快速的SAR车辆目标方位角估计方法

主导边界是合成孔径雷达（SAR）图像车辆目标方位角估计中最主要的特征。为了充分利用主导边界的特点能够提高方位角估计的效率和准确率,深入分析了主导边界特点,提出目标的三类主导边界的概念,并且提出了一种快速有效地目标方位角估计思路,结合SAR图像在0°或180°附近几类主导边界的规律来解决该角度附近的模糊问题,得到了一种简单高效的方位角估计方法。最后利用MSTAR数据做了仿真验证实验,证明该方法的有效性。     

基于部件分解的高分辨雷达目标提取方法

针对传统目标提取算法在低信噪比条件下性能不理想且提取部件不连续的问题,提出一种基于部件分解的高分辨雷达目标提取算法.利用属性散射中心可以表征目标部件的散射回波的优势,通过构造属性散射中心基对目标信号进行分解.通过对分解部件的能量设置门限,提取属于目标的部件.实验结果证明:在低信噪比且虚警概率相同的情况下,基于部件分解的目标提取方法比传统基于像素能量的提取方法能提取出更多且更连续的目标部件.     

一种改进的高分辨极化目标检测算法

针对宽带高分辨雷达体制,研究了杂波环境中的目标检测问题,引用了极化域线性积累滤波的思路以提高雷达接收信号的信杂比,在此基础上利用波形固有的径向高分辨力对目标进行一维距离成像,结合目标所占据的分辨单元区间内的幅值及其极化状态相对于杂波所对应的分辨单元内的幅值及其极化状态有着较大的差异这一客观事实,提出了基于 Stokes矢量 Frobenius范数非参数检测方法,实验仿真结果表明该方法能够有效改善雷达的检测性能。     

一种有效的雷达信号快速识别方法

针对多种调制类型的雷达信号快速侦察识别成功率较低的问题,提出了基于瞬时频率特征提取的雷达信号快速识别新算法.首先,由短时傅里叶变换(STFT)得到信号每一部分的瞬时频率特征;其次,对得到的瞬时频率进行两次归一化分别得到各自特征值;最后,用层次决策方法对雷达信号进行分类识别.仿真实验结果证明该方法能有效识别各种雷达信号,在信噪比高于-3 dB时,各种脉内调制的识别成功率都达到90%以上.     

一种适用于VTS系统的自适应雷达视频压缩方法

提出了一种适用于VTS系统的自适应的雷达视频压缩方法,介绍了该压缩方法的原理以及如何在VTS系统中使用该方法以提高雷达视频压缩效率。     

高分辨步进频雷达回波信号模拟方法设计及实现

调频步进雷达信号作为一种距离高分辨信号广泛应用于各种新体制雷达中。在分析步进频回波信号数学模型的基础上,提出了一种基于FPGA并行理论和高速DAC架构的三阶DDS步进频回波模拟方法。实现方法保证了回波相位的线性特性,较真实地模拟雷达探测过程对信号的调制。实现方法采用三阶DDS嵌套的方式,对回波信号数学模型按CPI帧周期维度、PRT脉冲重复周期维度进行特征分解,完成回波信号数学模型到FPGA底层单元的映射。实测结果表明,该方法满足步进频信号处理中的相参性,较真实地实现了步进频回波模拟,为雷达引信系统算法测试提供便捷。     

The seasonal behavior of interferometric coherence in boreal forest

The capability of SAR interferometry has been previously demonstrated in various applications. In particular, the use of interferometric coherence has shown promising results in forest monitoring, however, mainly in discriminating forested and nonforested areas. The authors have collected ERS-1 and ERS-2 Tandem data from two boreal forest test sites in Finland. The data have been processed into interferometric coherence and intensity images. These images have been used to a) compare the behavior of interferometric coherence and intensity for various land-use and forest classes and b) extensive analysis on the behavior of interferometric coherence in boreal forests as a function of stem volume. Based on the observations and the use of a boreal forest semi-empirical backscattering model, they have developed an empirical model that describes interferometric coherence of boreal forests using backscattering information. The results indicate that coherence is more sensitive to the stem volume than the C-band backscattering intensity. However, the intensity and coherence data contain complementary information and therefore, the use of both data sources is beneficial in the observation of boreal forest     

A LUMINANCE EDGE EXTRACTION METHOD USING GRADIENT OF GRAY LEVEL FOR SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR IMAGERY

In the multistage imaging processing for SAR digital imaging and applications ofSAR imagery,extraction of luminance edge for the SAR imageis often required.It is well studiedto extract the luminance edge for ordinary images,The methods using gradient are effective andcommonly used.Because of the serious noise of coherent speckle exists in SAR images,somepeople believe that edge extraction by using gradient for SAR imagery gives poor results.Inthis paper,we have derived a rather ideal method for the extraction of luminance edge for SARimagery with the consideration of the characteristics of SAR imagery.This method uses therelative average gradient and combines detection with tracking.     

基于多特征加权的SAR影像舰船检测优化方法

针对虚警目标较多的复杂场景中,传统舰船检测算法检测结果精度偏低的问题,提出了一种基于多特征加权的SAR影像舰船检测优化方法。首先,采用标记分水岭算法对SAR幅度影像进行去陆操作;其次,利用基于对数正态分布的恒虚警率算法,得到去陆SAR影像的候选目标;再次,提取候选目标的长宽比、舰船面积和对比度3个特征;最后,提出变异系数法对3个特征进行权重分配,并结合候选目标的归一化特征矢量计算其特征置信度,再确定最佳置信度,去除候选目标中的虚警目标,优化舰船检测结果。为了验证所提方法,选取不同复杂场景的高分三号SAR影像进行舰船检测实验。实验结果表明,所提方法具有可行性和有效性。     

一种改进的三坐标雷达测高方法

针对三坐标雷达双波束测高精度低及高度突跳问题,提出四波束测高方法,该方法在满足信号处理能力的情况下,采用四波束测量,利用回波幅度较大的两个波束进行仰角测量。用雷达设备进行实际测飞实验,测飞结果表明,该方法可以有效地提高测高精度,改善高度突跳现象。     

一种正前视宽扇区高分辨雷达扫描成像方法

合成孔径雷达（Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR）只有照射到飞行方向左、右两侧的感兴趣成像区域时才能处理出高分辨率SAR图像,飞行方向正前方的成像区域就成为了SAR成像的固有盲区。三通道（和、方位差、俯仰差）毫米波单脉冲成像雷达能够实现对正前视场景的二维成像,获取单脉冲图像。提出对SAR/单脉冲图像进行图像配准和融合拼接的方法：首先利用多尺度多方向二维Gabor滤波器组分别对SAR/单脉冲图像进行特征提取,然后对两组特征矩阵进行归一化互相关匹配,对匹配好的图像进行像素级融合处理,得到完整的正前视宽扇区高分辨雷达图像。试验数据成像处理结果表明,所提复合成像算法能够对飞行正前方宽扇区范围内进行高分辨成像,有效解决了工程实际中碰到的正前视高分辨成像盲区的难题,对于前视雷达成像侦察、弹载雷达目标区域景象匹配、飞行器夜航、盲降等具有一定的工程实际意义。     

具有可解释性的OFDM雷达信号识别方法

针对目前正交频分复用(OFDM)雷达信号识别方法存在的问题,提出了一种具有可解释性的OFDM雷达信号识别方法。该方法是通过基于树结构的流程优化(TPOT)和与模型无关的局部可理解的解释性(LIME)相结合对OFDM雷达信号进行识别。针对OFDM雷达信号特性提取了复杂度特征和基于时频图矩阵的奇异值熵,组成特征向量;通过TPOT,得到表现最佳的机器学习流程;通过“解释器”解释预测结果,对识别结果做出是否识别正确的风险评估,同时可根据OFDM雷达信号的解释性,得到哪些信号不易区分。实验表明,该方法对信噪比为0 dB时的OFDM雷达信号的识别率达91%,通过LIME给出的解释性可以判断数据集中不易区分的雷达信号类型。     

Reflectivity estimation for multibaseline interferometric radar imaging of layover extended sources

In recent years, there has been great interest in exploiting the advanced multibaseline operation of synthetic aperture radar interferometry (InSAR) for solving layover effects from complex orography, which can degrade both SAR and InSAR imagery of terrain radar reflectivity and height. In this work, the problem of retrieving radar reflectivity of layover areas is addressed. It is formulated as the problem of estimating a multicomponent sinusoidal signal corrupted by multiplicative complex correlated noise and additive white Gaussian noise. Application of nonparametric [e.g., Capon, amplitude and phase estimation filter (APES)], parametric [least squares, modern parametric RELAXation spectral estimator (RELAX)], and hybrid spectral estimators for amplitude estimation is investigated for a multilook scenario. In particular, the multilook extensions of RELAX and APES are applied to the interferometric problem. Performance analysis is investigated through a Cramer-Rao lower bound calculation and Monte Carlo simulation. The method of least squares, coupled with Capon's approach to spatial frequency estimation, multilook APES, and multilook RELAX turn out to provide accurate reflectivity estimates for undistorted multibaseline image formation of layover areas.     

一种自适应雷达抗压制性欺骗干扰方法

压制性欺骗干扰兼具压制性噪声干扰和脉冲欺骗干扰的特点,使得传统的副瓣相消和副瓣匿影等抗干扰措施失效.本文提出了一种时空级联自适应雷达抗压制性欺骗干扰方法.该方法首先采用时域深加权的离散傅立叶变换(DFT)滤波,然后进行干扰样本的识别与收集.若判断出干扰为压制性欺骗干扰,则利用收集到的样本数据求取副瓣相消器的权矢量,从而自适应对消压制性欺骗干扰.甚至在一些干扰个数多于辅助通道数的场合下,也能有很好的对消效果.计算机仿真实验证明了该方法的有效性.