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谷蛋白大聚体在小麦加工中的作用 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
谷蛋白大聚体(GMP)是小麦籽粒中最重要的蛋白质聚合体,不溶于1.5%SDS溶液,且分子质量较大,以颗粒形式存在,粒径范围为1~300μm;其含量和分子结构与食品加工品质密切相关,在面制食品加工中的作用远大于可溶性谷蛋白聚合体和单体蛋白。谷蛋白大聚体含量高的小麦品种,其面筋、面团的强度和弹性较大,面包烘烤品质较好,面条拉伸特性较好。谷蛋白大聚体在面团和面过程中会发生解聚,其含量、粒径和分子质量均降低;而在面团醒发过程中又会发生重聚。面条面坯形成过程中,谷蛋白大聚体含量的降低程度远低于传统面团,而凝胶强度的变化趋势则与传统面团相反。 相似文献
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为研究冀紫439黑小麦的蛋白特性与加工品质间的关系,以济麦22普通小麦为对照,测定济麦22与冀紫439小麦粉4种蛋白组分及亚基组成,面筋蛋白的二级结构、分子间作用力、巯基及二硫键含量,并对面筋及流变学指标、面团的微结构及馒头的品质进行分析。结果表明,冀紫439小麦粉清蛋白、谷蛋白含量、谷蛋白与醇溶蛋白比例显著高于济麦22小麦粉,球蛋白含量显著低于济麦22小麦粉;冀紫439含有高分子量黑小麦醇溶蛋白亚基,且高分子量谷蛋白亚基条带少,不利于面团的黏弹性;冀紫439面筋蛋白二级结构中β-折叠含量、氢键与二硫键含量显著低于济麦22,不利于面筋网络的形成,故拉伸特性中延伸性随时间的延长而降低,面团微观结构蛋白与淀粉包裹致密,相较于济麦22气孔更紧密,馒头的嚼劲增大,但回复性减小。综合分析,冀紫439黑小麦为中弱筋特色小麦品种,可结合蛋白特性进一步改善馒头品质。 相似文献
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普通小麦谷蛋白大聚合体的含量与烘焙品质相关关系 总被引:56,自引:4,他引:56
谷蛋白大聚合体(GMP)是谷蛋白聚合体的重要组成部分,其含量反映了谷蛋白聚合体的业度分布状况。本研究用一种比较简单的方法测定了我国小麦品种GMP含量,并用相关和回归的方法研究了GMP含量与其它烘焙品质的性状的关系,结果表明:GMP含量与粗蛋白含量,沉降值,面团形成时间,稳定时间及面包体积等的相关性都极显著,与粗蛋白含量相比,GMP含量对面团稳定时间和面包体积的影响更大一些,可以用来预测面粉烘焙品质 相似文献
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研究了戊聚糖酶对面包品质的影响.加酶面包的体积明显增加,在适宜加酶量下,面包综合品质较佳.加酶面团中可溶性戊聚糖含量显著增加,但加酶过量可导致面团中水可提取的阿拉伯木聚糖(WEAX)降解程度加剧.未加酶面团较原料面粉中的可溶性戊聚糖含量略有增加,WEAX亦有部分降解,但作用程度远低于加酶样品.适量戊聚糖酶对面包品质的改良作用的关键在于产生大量的相对分子质量适宜的WEAX. 相似文献
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以面包面条兼用型小麦新品种济麦20在2005~2006年度山东省及天津市24个地点的样品为材料,分析了磨粉品质、面团流变学特性、淀粉糊化特性、面片颜色和面条加工品质,并用反相高效液相色谱(RP-HPLC)和凝胶色谱(SE-HPLC)对贮藏蛋白组分进行了量化.济麦20的面条加工品质优良且比较稳定,面条色泽呈亮奶黄色且稳定,硬度适中,黏弹性好;籽粒硬度、部分面团流变学特性和淀粉糊化特性变异系数较大,但对面条加工品质影响较小.容重和蛋白质含量是影响济麦20在不同地点面条加工品质的主要因素,容重与面粉、煮熟鲜面条、面片O h和24 h的L值(亮度)呈显著正相关,相关系数分别为0.53(P<0.01)、0.69、0.64和0.78(P<0.001),与面条硬度和食味呈显著正相关,相关系数分别为0.45(P<0.05)和0.55(P<0.01).面粉蛋白质含量与面粉、面片0 h和24 h的L值呈显著负相关,相关系数分别为-0.68、-0.69(P<0.001)和-0.60(P<0.01),与面条食昧、总分和硬度呈显著负相关,相关系数分别为-0.47、-0.46(P<0.05)和-0.60(P<0.01);虽然蛋白质含量对面条品质部分指标有较大负面影响,但蛋白质质量可以在一定范围内波动而对面条品质影响不大.蛋白质含量和容重等磨粉品质是影响济麦20在不同地点面条品质的主要因素. 相似文献
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普通小麦胚乳蛋白质与面包烘烤品质关系的研究与利用注(I)蛋白质及其各组分的含量与烤品质的关系研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
普通小麦籽粒蛋白质的含量和质量是影响面包烘烤品质的决定性因素,本文综述了国内外学者对小麦蛋白质及其组分的含量和比例与烘烤品质的相关关系的研究,指出一定的粗蛋白含量是烘烤品质的基础,与粗蛋白含量相比,谷蛋白相对含量,尤其是高分子量谷蛋白亚基的相对含量及谷蛋白大聚合体的相对含量对面包烘烤品质的影响更大。 相似文献
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为给安徽省种植小麦品种的品质利用提供参考,以2016年安徽省小麦产业体系收获的33个小麦品种(系)为试验材料,检测其籽粒品质、面团特性、面包烘焙品质、面粉白度、脂肪氧化酶(LOX)活性和类胡萝卜素含量等。结果表明,33个供试品种(系)间的籽粒品质、烘焙品质、白度、LOX活性等品质性状品种间差异均达极显著;面包表皮质地和形状与LOX活性及b值呈显著正相关;面包芯色泽与面团的稳定时间呈极显著正相关,与弱化度呈显著负相关;平滑度与a值、b值和LOX活性呈显著正相关,与L值及白度呈极显著负相关;纹理结构与b值呈显著正相关;面包总分与面团稳定时间呈显著正相关。本研究在安徽省种植小麦品种中筛选出扬麦23、涡麦182、周麦28、安科157和宿4095等面包评分较高的小麦品种。讨论了安徽种植小麦品种的品质性状及其利用等问题。 相似文献
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添加糯小麦粉对小麦粉及其面条品质特性的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
糯小麦与普通小麦的主要差异是糯小麦不含直链淀粉或其含量很低,其对面制品的制作品质产生一定的影响。本研究利用"济糯1号"分别与"济麦20"和"济麦22"按20%、40%、60%和80%的添加量进行配粉,研究糯小麦粉对普通小麦粉品质特性的影响及其面条制品品质的改良作用。结果表明:"济糯1号"的淀粉糊化回升值为449 c P,显著低于"济麦20"和"济麦22";籽粒硬度达64.89,籽粒蛋白质含量(干基)达16.14%,面筋指数为66.08%,粉质仪稳定时间为2.00 min,鲜面条色泽变化小,2 h和24 h的ΔE*分别为3.83和5.29;"济糯1号"与"济麦20"的配粉中,随糯小麦粉添加量的增加,配粉的淀粉回升值降低,面筋指数降低,吸水率增加,面团稳定时间变短,鲜面条色泽2 h和24 h的ΔE*逐渐变小,配粉面条的适口性和光滑性更好;"济糯1号"与"济麦22"的配粉中,随糯小麦粉添加量的增加,面粉蛋白含量增加、面筋指数升高、吸水率增加、淀粉糊化的回升值降低,鲜面条色泽2 h和24 h的ΔE*逐渐变小,配粉的面条制作品质好,面条的适口性和光滑性均改善;糯小麦粉的添加使配粉的面粉品质特性和淀粉特性更有利于面条制作品质的改良,"济糯1号"适宜添加量为20%~40%。 相似文献
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研究不同燕麦全粉添加量对燕麦—小麦混合粉的面筋和面团特性的影响,进一步通过添加谷氨酰胺转氨酶(TGase)与不同外源蛋白质(花生蛋白或谷朊粉)来改善混合粉的品质,并研究不同添加剂对混合粉蛋白质组成的影响。结果表明:随着燕麦全粉添加量的增加,燕麦—小麦混合粉的湿面筋含量、面筋指数、沉降值和面团稳定时间都呈现显著减少的趋势,而面团吸水率逐渐增大。对于燕麦全粉添加量为30%的燕麦—小麦混合粉,当TGase添加量达到或超过0.8%(w/w)时,面团的形成时间和稳定时间均显著增加。向混合粉中同时添加TGase和花生蛋白可显著增加SDS不可溶性谷蛋白的含量,进一步延长面团稳定时间。 相似文献
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Liu W Zhang Y Gao X Wang K Wang S Zhang Y He Z Ma W Yan Y 《Journal of the science of food and agriculture》2012,92(1):106-115
BACKGROUND: Wheat glutenins are the major determinants of wheat quality. In this study, grains at the development stage from three wheat cultivars (Jimai 20, Jin 411 and Zhoumai 16) with different bread‐making quality were harvested based on thermal times from 150 °Cd to 750 °Cd, and were used to investigate glutenin accumulation patterns and their relationships with wheat quality. RESULTS: High and low molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW‐GSs and LMW‐GSs) were synthesised concurrently. No obvious correlations between HMW/LMW glutenin ratios and dough property were observed. Accumulation levels of HMW‐GSs and LMW‐GSs as well as 1Bx13 + 1By16 and 1Dx4 + 1Dy12 subunits were higher in superior gluten quality cultivar Jimain 20 than in poor quality cultivar Jing 411 and Zhoumai 16. According to the results of two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis, six types of accumulation patterns in LMW‐GSs were identified and classified. The possible relationships between individual LMW‐GSs and gluten quality were established. CONCLUSION: The high accumulation level of HMW‐GSs and LMW‐GSs as well as 1Bx13 + 1By16 and 1Dx4 + 1Dy12 subunits contributed to the superior gluten quality of Jimai 20. Two highly expressed and 16 specifically expressed LMW glutenin subunits in Jimain 20 had positive effects on dough quality, while 17 specifically expressed subunits in Zhoumai 16 and Jing 411 appeared to have negative effects on gluten quality. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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The effect of varying sowing time on wheat flour protein quality and starch pasting characteristics was studied in two genotypes differing in their water requirements for two years under irrigated and rain-fed conditions. Delayed sowing associated with high temperature during grain filling resulted in an overall increase in total grain protein. Low temperature prevailing under early sown conditions enhanced insoluble glutenin (IG) but reduced total protein accumulation in both the genotypes. IG and residue proteins increased but soluble glutenin and amylose decreased under rain-fed conditions. Amylose, hold- and final viscosity (FV) increased but setback decreased with change in normal sowing time. Peak viscosity (PV) increased under late sown conditions. Pasting temperature, setback, FV and breakdown (BD) were enhanced under rain-fed conditions. This study inferred that by selecting suitable irrigation practices and different sowing times for subjecting the crop to desirable temperature range, flour properties of given cultivars can be manipulated. 相似文献
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新收获小麦后熟过程中蛋白质和氨基酸含量的变化 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
分析了储存在4℃和室温条件下新收获的软麦和硬麦在后熟过程中的生理生化变化。新收获小麦在20℃的发芽率超过80%,在收获后3~4个月中呼吸有2次高峰,尤其第1个呼吸峰非常明显,室温条件较4℃提高第1个呼吸峰值。当呼吸速率趋于不变时,软麦硬度增大在第4个月,硬麦在第5个月。水溶蛋白、盐溶蛋白及谷蛋白各有2次合成高峰。硬麦醇溶蛋白在第60天有一个积累高峰,软麦至少有2个积累高峰,分别在第30天和60天。谷蛋白合成最高峰在第90天,与水溶蛋白类似,而醇溶蛋白合成最高峰在第60天,与盐溶蛋白类似。随着醇溶蛋白和游离巯基含量减少,谷蛋白迅速积累。常温条件下谷蛋白的氧化聚合较低温条件下迅速,积累量大。软麦谷蛋白氧化聚合过程较硬麦早。谷蛋白积累之前,绝大部分氨基酸急剧积累,在室温条件较4℃下积累明显。半胱氨酸含量在90~120天时增加到最大,之后迅速减少。 相似文献
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Fang-Jie Zhao Sue E Salmon Paul J
A Withers Eric J Evans Jim M Monaghan Peter R Shewry Steve P McGrath 《Journal of the science of food and agriculture》1999,79(13):1865-1874
Field experiments were carried out at three sites in England to investigate the effects of S fertilisation on breadmaking quality of three winter wheat varieties (Hereward, Rialto and Spark) in the 1996–1997 season. The soils at the three sites differed in extractable S contents. Depending on site, either 180 and 230 kg ha−1 N or 230 and 280 kg ha−1 N treatments were factorially combined with three S treatments (0, 20 and 100 kg ha−1 S). Addition of S increased loaf volume significantly at two sites where grain S concentration was also significantly increased and grain N:S ratio decreased. Application of the extra 50 kg ha−1 N increased grain protein concentration but did not increase loaf volume at any of the sites. Loaf volume was found to correlate more closely with grain S than with grain protein concentration. Addition of S generally decreased the elastic modulus of gel protein and dough resistance but increased dough extensibility. Despite considerable differences in their dough rheology, the responses in rheology and loaf volume to S were similar in all three varieties. Selected flour samples of Rialto from the Bridgets site were also analysed for the glutenin subunit distribution, showing that S addition increased the relative proportion of low-molecular-weight subunits at the expense of high-molecular-weight subunits of glutenin. This study therefore shows that the beneficial effects of S on breadmaking quality are associated with decreased dough elasticity and increased extensibility resulting from effects on the amount and composition of the glutenin polymers. The results also indicate that S fertilisation is required in some areas of England to maintain breadmaking quality. © 1999 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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氮素运筹技术对冬小麦籽粒产量和品质影响的研究 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
研究结果表明施氮量与籽粒产量、蛋白质含量均呈二次抛物线关系。籽粒产量的临界施氮量小于籽粒蛋白质含量的临界施氮量,0~23.31g/m2为产量和蛋白质含量的同步增长区,23.31~27.14g/m2为异步徘徊区,27.14g/m2以上为同步下降区。增施氮肥能提高籽粒麦谷蛋白、醇溶蛋白的含量及籽粒麦谷蛋白与醇溶蛋白的比值,同时显著提高籽粒湿面筋含量、面团稳定时间和面团延伸度。氮肥基施与追施相结合有利于提高籽粒产量和品质,以基施、拔节期和孕穗期三次施肥效果最佳,适当加大中后期氮肥施用比例,对提高小麦籽粒营养和加工品质有着重要的作用。 相似文献
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小麦谷蛋白溶涨指数与蛋白质组分关系的研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
谷蛋白溶涨指数是一种蛋白质品质测定方法,是一定量面粉在SDS乳酸溶液中溶涨、离心后的面粉重量与面粉原始重量的比值。为了研究小麦谷蛋白溶涨指数与蛋白质组分的关系,采用两种蛋白质组分分离方法提取测定了21个小麦品种(品系)的蛋白组分含量,并采用C.Wang的方法测定了不同溶涨时间(0min、5min、20min)的谷蛋白溶涨指数。简单相关分析结果表明:溶涨时间为5min、20min时的谷蛋白溶涨指数与球蛋白含量呈显著负相关,与总蛋白、醇溶蛋白、可溶性谷蛋白、不溶性谷蛋白含量呈极显著正相关;各蛋白质组分含量对SIG的通径分析结果为:谷蛋白含量对SIG值的影响最大,其中不溶性谷蛋白含量起主导作用。因此,谷蛋白溶涨指数法能间接预测不溶性谷蛋白的含量。 相似文献
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John A. D. Ewart 《Journal of the science of food and agriculture》1985,36(2):101-112
It has already been suggested that when glutenin chains are synthesised, two cysteine residues on each chain preferentially form interchain disulphide bonds (SS) resulting in linear arrays of polypeptide chains. Presumably steric factors stop the growth of a molecule eventually, leaving each terminal chain with a free SH group. It is now postulated that the free SH groups later react with low molecular weight (mol. wt) thiols and SS compounds, which also break some interchain bonds by SS interchange so reducing the average mol. wt of the glutenin. Terminal SH groups and the halves of each broken SS become blocked by low mol. wt compounds. Therefore, if the quantity of glutenin-bound low mol. wt thiols (end-blockers) bound to glutenin could be measured it would enable the number of glutenin molecules to be calculated and hence a number-average mol. wt. When six wheats spanning the normal range of baking quality were tested, glutenin-bound half-cystine and glutathione residues were eventually found, but no SH groups could be detected. The number-average number of chains per glutenin molecule (proportional to mol. wt) was correlated with intrinsic viscosity of glutenin and with loaf volume per gram of loaf protein, thus supporting the hypothesis. It is suggested that the main aim of reducing the native thiol content of flour with improvers is to limit degradation of glutenin molecules. If the hypothesis should be confirmed it may be advantageous to breed wheats with low contents of thiols and active disulphides in the grain, since their quantities may largely account for glutenin mol. wt and, in turn, protein quality. 相似文献