富含褐藻酸寡聚糖海带饮料的研制

用黑曲霉制得了含有褐藻酸酶的复合酶酶解海带汁，再通过调配研制出了富含褐藻酸寡糖的海带饮料。     

褐藻酸裂解酶的研究进展

随着海洋药物和海洋保健制品的蓬勃发展,海洋多糖及其降解产物的研究也引起了广泛的重视。利用褐藻酸裂解酶对褐藻酸进行降解,获得具有多种新型生物活性的海藻寡糖,已成为近几年研究的热点。该文介绍了褐藻酸裂解酶的来源、分类、结构、生物学功能及酶解机理,并对褐藻酸裂解酶的应用前景进行了讨论。     

含褐藻寡糖调味汁的研制

以海带为原料,经褐藻胶裂解酶降解而获得含褐藻寡糖的海藻汁,并测定了海藻汁中寡糖的分子量分布及其他理化指标。经酶解作用,海藻汁中还原糖含量提高了近50倍,总糖含量增加到酶解前的2.5倍。由阴离子电喷雾电离质谱测得褐藻胶裂解酶降解产物主要是分子量小于1000,聚合度在2～5之间的小分子寡糖。在此基础上,将海藻汁与各种调味品基料按一定比例混合,根据各种调味品不同的加工工艺特点,选择不同的加入环节。通过感官评定,确定了两种海藻调味品的最佳配方,并研究了其多项理化指标和卫生指标。     

富含海带多糖的乳酸发酵饮料的研究

本研究以海带为主要原料,采用乳酸菌发酵生产富含海带多糖的饮料,探讨了海带的酶解条件以及各因素对粗海带多糖提取量的影响。研究乳酸菌在海带水解液中生长产酸及脱腥效果,并确定了发酵饮料的配方。结果表明:海带多糖的最佳提取条件为加入海带粉重1.5%的复合酶,在pH6.0、40℃酶解6h,粗海带多糖的得率可达10.89%。其中复合酶(纤维素酶、果胶酶和木瓜蛋白酶)的最佳配比为2:1:2。海带多糖饮料发酵的最佳条件为在海带水解液中加入乳清粉0.5%,蔗糖7%,乳酸菌粉为1mg/100ml,发酵温度为40℃,发酵时间为24h,乳酸的产量为0.7%左右。     

米糠膳食纤维酸乳饮料的研制

本试验利用纤维素酶将米糠水解成可溶性片段,并将酶解液应用于研制富含膳食纤维的功能性营养米糠酸奶。试验结果表明：添加0.8%纤维素酶（以米糠干基计）水解米糠,将水解液、3%奶粉（以酸奶质量计）、1%变性淀粉（以酸奶质量计）作为基质发酵,所得米糠酸奶外观和口感较好。通过正交试验优化的米糠酸乳工艺条件为：米糠酶解液20g（以脱脂奶粉质量计）、接种量3g（以脱脂奶粉质量计）、发酵时间6h。     

海带快速液化工艺优化及其产物分析

以海带液化率为技术指标,利用生物酶解技术制备海带酶解液,并优化各酶解条件,包括海带粉颗粒度、料液比、反应温度、反应时间、pH,同时利用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)和高效凝胶渗透色谱法(HPGPC)分别对海带酶解液中的单糖组成和寡糖聚合度进行分析。结果表明,海带快速液化最佳工艺条件为:原料粒度100目,料液比1:12(g/mL),pH 8.0,反应温度50℃,反应时间12h,在该条件下测得海带液化率为71%。经分析海带酶解液的干物质中非糖杂质含量为54.8%,寡糖含量为18.9%,中性单糖含量27.2%;寡糖中6糖以上的寡糖含量占比较大;单糖中甘露糖醛酸含量最高。该制备方法工艺简单、操作方便、效率高,同时能将大分子物质降解成小分子物质,更有利于动植物吸收,可拓展其利用领域。     

紫薯凝固型酸奶的加工工艺研究

该研究以紫薯为原料,通过双酶解法处理紫薯浆,得到紫薯汁,在鲜牛乳中加入紫薯汁和白砂糖进行调配,经过酸奶发酵剂发酵得到具有紫薯风味的新型酸奶。结果表明:紫薯凝固型酸奶的最佳发酵工艺条件的参数为:发酵温度为41℃,紫薯汁添加量为30%,发酵剂为0.15 g/100 mL,白砂糖为8 g,所得的酸奶品质最好。     

海带酶解产物对海参生长及其免疫相关因子的影响

采用生物酶降解技术处理海带,研究海带酶解产物对海参的生长及其免疫相关因子表达的影响,探讨其作为饵料添加剂的 应用前景。 结果表明,酶解海带寡糖和酶解海带泥在海参生长方面均有促进作用,其中分别添加10%和25%的海带寡糖和酶解海带 泥的效果最佳（海参生长率分别为76.60%和40.30%）。另外,酶解海带寡糖可以提高海参体壁组织中免疫相关因子（超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、过氧化物酶（POD）、酸性磷酸酶（ACP）、碱性磷酸酶（AKP））的活性,通过减少丙二醛（MDA）的产生保护 机体免受氧化损伤（添加10%海带寡糖使MDA释放量降低至0.002 2 μmol/mg）。     

酶法提取海带成分分析

为了提高水提法得到的海带汁营养成分含量,添加褐藻胶裂解酶进行降解并破壁提取,并对酶解与非酶解海带汁营养成分进行分析。结果显示,寡糖含量由0.159 mg/mL增加到3.235 mg/mL,褐藻寡糖分子质量均在1000 u以下,DP为2～5。总酚由0.021 mg/mL增加到0.109 mg/mL,蛋白质和甘露醇含量也显著提高(P0.05),总碘含量无变化;总氨基酸、必需氨基酸和呈味氨基酸含量分别增加了7.15%、4.05%和3.40%;矿质元素中的常量元素Ca、微量元素Mn和Zn含量分别增加了2.2倍、5.5倍和2倍。另外,酶解后的海带汁对羟自由基和超氧阴离子的清除率分别提高了20.0%和44.6%,说明成分的变化导致其抗氧化活性随之增加。总之,酶解后的海带汁营养成分含量和活性都有明显改善,为新型海带饮品的加工和开发提供了技术基础。     

一株褐藻酸裂解酶高产菌的筛选及其酶学性质研究

从腐烂的海带中筛选出一株褐藻酸裂解酶（Aly）高产菌,经形态学分析、生理生化特征和分子水平鉴定,该菌为交替假单胞菌属,命名为Pseudoalteromonas sp. EE258。利用硫酸铵沉淀、快流速DEAE-琼脂糖凝胶（DEAE-sepharose Fast Flow）和丙烯葡聚糖凝胶（Sephacryl S-100）柱层析等方法,对Pseudoalteromonas sp. EE258产生的褐藻酸裂解酶Aly-EE258进行分离纯化,十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（SDS-PAGE）测定该酶的分子质量为23 ku。酶学性质研究显示：该酶的最适反应温度为40 ℃,最适反应pH值为7.0,在20 ℃以下时稳定性较好,Ca2+和Ba2+能明显提高酶的活性,Fe2+、Al3+、Mg2+和乙二胺四乙酸（EDTA）抑制酶的活性。Aly-EE258能不同程度地裂解褐藻酸、聚古洛糖醛酸和聚甘露糖醛酸,其中聚甘露糖醛酸裂解后主要产生单一的低聚寡糖,在实际应用方面具有重要意义。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press