青岛市城市交通需求管理策略研究

介绍了国内外交通需求管理(TDM)研究的发展过程和国外成功的TDM经验,针对青岛市目前城市交通存在的问题和特点,提出了实施有关TDM策略的一些初步看法,初步探讨青岛市在交通建设方面可以采取或调整的管理措施和策略,尤其是围绕目前重点建设的城市公共交通优先策略和先进的交通控制和管理措施等方面进行了分析和建议.     

我国城市交通需求管理(TDM)对策研究

交通拥挤正迅速成为制约我国城市发展的重大问题之一。交通需求管理(TDM)是发达国家已经广泛研究、试验和实施的一项旨在解决目前交通问题的有效措施。本文首先对交通需求管理基本概念及操作原理进行介绍；然后分析了国内外城市TDM需求管理发展背景态势；最后根据城市交通需求管理所涉及的问题．将交通需求管理划分为三个层次在此基础上进一步对城市交通需求管理措施进行探讨。     

基于交通需求管理的探究——以北京、上海为例

随着中国机动化水平不断提高,交通问题、能源问题和环境问题也随之显现。为了应对这一系列挑战,有学者提出了交通需求管理(traffic demandmanagement,TDM)的城市规划理念。本文旨在通过回顾和分析北京市和上海市推行的TDM措施,探讨推行的措施在遏制城市机动车保有量增长方面起到的作用。     

TDM——交通需求管理

TDM(Transportation Demand Management)即交通需求管理是改善交通行为(Travel Behavior)的技术,实施TDM是寻求在少花钱的情况下使交通状况得到改善的途径。本文简要介绍了美国的一些TDM组织形式,包括交通管理协会(TMA),出行减少条例(TRO)和公私协商协议(NA),供有关研究人员参考。     

交通工程管理产生影响的因素浅析

我国经济的发展,使得城市化建设速度不断加快,这就造成了城市人口不断增多,城市交通拥挤的现象,为了能够有效地缓解这样的现象,提高交通工程管理的质量是非常必要的交通工程管理是提高工程质量,保障人们行车安全的基础,现阶段,我国的交通工程管理中还存在一些问题,这些问题严重的制约了我国交通工程的建设和发展,同时也对城市居民的生命安全造成了一定的威胁,这就要求的给我们的管理人员要从实际出发,根据实际情况采取有效的措施,对工程管理中的存在问题进行治理和改进,从而提高管理质量与效率又常首先从交通工程管理的重要性开始分析,进而对影响交通工程管理的因素进行了分析,并提出了相对应的解决措施。     

交通建设工程施工现场管理存在的问题及对策

在我国不断发展的交通事业中,交通建设工程施工现场管理十分重要。论文简要分析了当前施工现场管理存在的问题,并提出相应的管理原则与具体管理优化措施,以期为广大交通建设工程的现场施工管理工作人员提供管理对策参考。     

探析交通工程建设的施工技术

近年来,随着不断强化交通基础设施建设,我国交通工程基础设施建设取得了较大进展和成就.完善的交通工程基础设施建设需以合理的公路工程建设的施工技术管理为支撑,通过对交通工程建设的施工技术管理中存在的一般问题进行讨论和分析,结合具体案例提出了一些具有现实意义的规范性建议和措施,尝试为解决交通工程建设的施工技术管理问题提供相应...     

控规层面的交通需求管理

提出一套适用于控规层面的交通约束应用程序框架,以尽可能充分利用控规一级所能掌握的关于土地使用、交通需求和交通设施方面的信息,协调这三者的关系,从而改变传统控规在这方面的空白局面,使得控规成为落实我国当前城市发展迫切需要的TDM理念的承上启下的关键规划工具.并给出这一程序的简单应用实例.     

博弈论在城市轨道交通工程质量管理中的应用

根据轨道交通质量管理的特点及模式,将博弈论的思想引入到质量管理中,运用博弈论的思想分析了目前轨道交通工程质量管理中出现的一些现象,并总结了几点启示,对提高城市轨道交通工程质量管理效能具有重大意义。     

基于综合策划思想的城市设计探析——以张家港市沙洲湖周边地区城市设计为例

在城市设计中引入综合策划思想,全面分析项目面临的主要问题、矛盾和发展潜力,有利于确立正确的目标和方向,提高城市设计的科学性.张家港市沙洲湖周边地区城市设计通过引入综合策划思想,统筹考虑区位、交通、环境、经济等因素,分析、论证了项目的目标定位,并在此基础上研究了消费群体、功能业态、空间利用、景观塑造、交通优化等内容,以此...     

大城市交通需求管理研究

首先对交通需求管理产生背景、涵义与目的及发展概况进行介绍 ;然后提出实施交通需求管理措施所应遵循的公平合理的原则、经济与环境可持续发展的原则、优先发展公共交通的原则、道路时空资源均衡使用的原则、多方结合协调发展的原则、坚持因地制宜经济适用的原则、社会可接受原则 7条主要原则 ;最后根据城市交通需求管理所涉及的问题 ,将交通需求管理划分为四个层次 ,在此基础上进一步对城市交通需求管理措施进行探讨     

Intraregional trade shares for goods-producing industries: RPC estimates using EU data

The lack of subnational trade data has dampened the development of reliable regional and multiregional models for regional policy development. So, most researchers and vendors of regional and interregional economic models continue to rely on location quotients, supply–demand pool techniques, or minor modifications of them, despite knowing that they under-estimate interregional trade. In this piece, we analyse the relative viability of estimates of intraregional trade—so called “regional purchase coefficients” (RPCs). We do so for manufacturing sectors in 28 EU countries using the World Input–Output Database. We introduce an RPC-estimating technique using a quasi-binomial regression approach for goods-producing industries; we apply standard supply/demand ratios as RPCs for service-based industries. We then apply the estimates to an aggregate EU input–output (I-O) table and measure how closely the results approximate the I-O tables (direct requirements matrices) for each of the 28 EU nations. We compare these findings to those obtained by other conventional approaches. We also evaluate their ability to replicate the country Leontief inverses and output multipliers. We find quasi-binomial regression approaches superior across the board.     

文化资产与历史环境维护永续经营的可持续发展新思维

近年来我国于改革开放的旗帜下经济快速发展，人民生活环境获得相当程度的改善。然而于经济发展的同时也造成为数众多的与环境维护相冲突的问题，其中文化资产与历史环境亦饱受破坏。每当论及此事，一般人总认为环境的维护是致府的责任，需仰赖政府来完成，然而文化资产的维护难道只有政府才能完成、而一般百姓只能袖手旁观吗？试就数个现实环境案例来分析于经济发展环境下所产生的环境维护危机，以及文化资产与历史环境维护可持续发展的可能性，并提出永续经营与可持续发展的新思维，以作为全民共同维护思考的新方向。     

Modes of housing provision in developing countries

In the face of an estimated one billion people living in inadequate housing conditions in developing countries the need for scaling up housing supply has become an urgent focus of policy debate. To this end the expansion of the role of the private markets has formed the central thesis of the ‘enabling strategy’ for developing the housing sector as a whole rather than relying on project based approaches such as sites and services and settlement upgrading programmes. Policy recommendations emanating from such a standpoint concentrate on adjustments to supply and demand through deregulation and institutional development of the land and housing markets in developing countries in order to overcome largely external constraints to a more efficient market mechanism. This conception of the enabling strategy, however, has been subject to much debate and criticism for its over-concentration on the private markets and exclusion of alternative/complementary modes of housing provision from serious policy consideration. By utilising the structure and agency approach as its basic methodological tool of analysis this paper provides a comprehensive review of the scope and potential of different modes of housing provision in different contexts in developing countries. Thereby providing a firm comparative basis for examining the potential for expanded private market activity.The paper concludes that the severe underdevelopment of institutional capacities and human and material resources coupled with intricate and complex social, political, cultural and economic interactions between various agents and structures of provision create major obstacles to the efficiency of private land markets in developing countries. Therefore, while private markets can and should be supported they can not form the focus of the enabling strategy in most developing countries. Instead, the paper argues for a comprehensive approach to enabling strategies which combines adjustments to overall supply and demand conditions with the identification and inclusion of different modes and agents of housing provision in a holistic integrated policy.     

Travel Demand Management (TDM) case study for social behavioral change towards sustainable urban transportation in Istanbul

In order to realize sustainable cities, it is vital to achieve and maintain social behavioral change for shifting our modes of mobility from inefficient, wasteful and motorized means to cleaner, greener, healthier and more economic means such as walking, cycling and public transportation in addition to smart use of land, intelligent transportation systems, and clean and green vehicles. This study is based on a critical review of literature in order to establish a framework of social behavioral change policies, particularly developed and tested for urban mobility and traffic congestion. First, various mega cities were compared on different sustainability indicators to better understand the case of Istanbul. Then, selected policy potentials, namely Travel Demand Management (TDM), were evaluated for Istanbul following a set of personal interview surveys aiming to reveal travel patterns of residents, their perceptions and attitudes on current transport system performance, and their opinions for possible TDM interventions in the future. We proposed a multiplicative model to process data from these surveys as inputs, which would then be used to determine travel demand. A simulation model was constructed using PTV-VISSIM tool and validated with current traffic congestion metrics obtained from field measurements in a selected district of Istanbul. Based on this validated simulation model, projections of traffic conditions in the future under different TDM scenarios were predicted with the help of determined TDM potentials obtained from the survey results. As a result of this study, it was revealed that the traffic congestion levels in Istanbul tend to become worse year by year under existing conditions, but it was also found that the TDM policies offer significant potential for reducing congestion, hence its consequent hazards, via increased use of sustainable mobility modes without the need for new infrastructure investments.     

大型活动交通管理措施及在十运会开幕式中的运用

根据大型活动交通管理措施所要达到的效果,本文将大型活动交通管理措施划分为减少出行需求、协调出行方式和调整交通流时空分布等三类,结合国内外大型活动交通管理经验,对各项交通管理措施进行了论述,从而为我国大型活动交通需求管理方案的制定提供了参考。阐述了南京十运会开幕式交通管理中主要采用的交通需求管理措施及实施效果。     

Transportation Demand Management Planning,Development, and Implementation

Transportation demand management (TDM) is the art of modifying travel behavior, usually to avoid more costly expansion of the transportation system. TDM is not a panacea, but it can help ease some transportation problems. TDM requires the cooperation of many actors, who may include developers; landowners; employers; business associations; and municipal, county, regional, and state levels of government. This article reviews new TDM organizational forms, including transportation management associations, trip reduction ordinances, and negotiated public-private agreements. More flexible approaches appear to work best. TDM evaluation is difficult, because reductions in trip generation rates, i.e., relative changes in travel demand, are not easy to measure. Evidence suggests that TDM can be applied in a wide variety of situations, with equally variable, and sometimes quite good, overall results. TDM strategies that often have proven to be effective include on-site employee transportation coordination, parking management provisions, and alternative work schedules.     

廉租房建设与我国房地产市场的宏观调控

中国作为一个处于经济转型期的发展中国家,如何妥善处理好关系居民生存环境的住房问题,将影响到全社会的稳定与和谐发展。本文对我国房地产市场的发展态势进行了分析,从供求角度揭示了房价持续高涨的深层原因,提出基于我国的具体国情,借鉴一些成功的国际经验,通过加快廉租房建设进一步完善住房保障制度,是加强房地产市场宏观调控的有力措施。     

ITS系统及其实现的关键技术

随着经济的高速发展,无论发达国家或是发展中国家,都毫无例外地在不同程度上受到交通问题的困扰,交通拥挤、阻塞、交通事故、交通污染以及由此引起的其它社会问题日益恶化。针对我国的实际情况,文章对发展ITS(智能交通系统)的必要性、紧迫性及实现ITS的关键技术进行了分析,基于ITS框架,重点讨论了智能车辆系统。