格尔木光伏电站气象服务系统的设计与实现

针对格尔木地区光伏产业发展的需求,设计开发了格尔木光伏电站气象服务系统。该系统应用VB语言,以格尔木地区最新气象资料为基础,通过数值预报和太阳辐射指标建立的预报方法制作太阳能光伏预报产品。文章详细介绍了该系统的主要功能和具体操作步骤。     

南宁地区光伏阵列倾角方位角对光伏系统性能的影响研究

在太阳能应用中,不同倾角和方位角太阳能电池组件接收到的太阳辐射量不同,选择合适的方位角和倾角是太阳能工程设计的关键之一。为此设计了一套光伏发电效率检测装置,对12块不同朝向和倾角的太阳能组件输出进行采集,并对采集到的数据进行详细的分析和研究,得出南宁地区光伏阵列倾角、方位角对光伏系统性能影响的结论。     

基于卷积神经网络的短期天气预测研究

对某市历史天气数据进行分析、整理,建立了具有两个卷积层的卷积神经网络,并做出短期天气预测,对未来6 h天气温度进行预测,并根据实际天气做出误差分析。为了对预测结果进行分析,又基于灰色模型方法建立了天气预测模型,并对两种方法的预测结果进行比较,得出相应结论:整体来看,两种模型的预测结果与实际温度的相对误差和均方误差较小,都能较为精准地对温度进行短期预测,两种方法在对温度短期预测中具有参考价值,且卷积神经网络预测精度更高。这一结论可以为不同时间序列及天气温度波动情况的短期天气预测提供新的思路。     

风光互补供电系统在自动气象站中的应用

利用四会观测站的年均日照时数和平均风速等资料,用太阳直接辐射量和风能计算公式,求得四会市年有效太阳辐射量和风能储量分别为984.9 kWh/m2和9.1 kWh（Φ2.2 m风轮）,结合观测站和乡镇中尺度区域自动站设备的耗电情况,计算出用普通风光互补供电系统可供给本站气象仪器设备使用88天、乡镇区域气象站全年不间断使用.该发电系统既可为气象部门节省能源开支,同时也符合构建现代资源节约型和环保友好型社会的发展要求.     

高精度太阳辐射测量系统台站试验与初步资料分析

在原高精度太阳辐射测量系统研究的基础上,改进太阳跟踪装置,提高其运行稳定性与可靠性,使其达到业务运行的要求.将总辐射表、散射辐射表和大气长波辐射表放在跟踪太阳的装置上,利用太阳自动跟踪和遮光装置,可准确地测量太阳散射辐射.采用两短、两长波辐射测量方法,获得净全辐射测量值,改变净全辐射测量方法,提高了净全辐射测量的准确度.通过丽江和漠河气象站的比对观测,对试验资料进行了初步分析和比较,验证了高精度太阳辐射测量系统辐射测量方法的正确性.     

A least squares support vector machine model for prediction of the next day solar insolation for effective use of PV systems

Accurate prediction of daily solar insolation has been one of the most important issues of solar engineering. The amount of solar insolation on a given location is a vital data for photovoltaic plants. Systems efficiency is easily affected by the changes in solar radiation so, this study is aimed to develop a Least Squares Support Vector Machine (LS-SVM) based intelligent model to predict the next day’s solar insolation for taking measures. Daily temperature and insolation data measured by Turkish State Meteorological Service for three years (2000–2002) were used as training data and the values of 2003 used as testing data. Numbers of the days from 1st January, daily mean temperature, daily maximum temperature, sunshine duration and the solar insolation of the day before parameters have been used as inputs to predict the daily solar insolation. The simulations were carried out with SVM Toolbox of MATLAB software. As a conclusion the results show that LS-SVM is a good method in estimating the amount of solar insolation of a given location with 99.294% accuracy.     

积灰对光伏组件输出特性影响建模与分析

灰尘沉积在光伏组件上严重影响光伏系统输出的稳定性,导致发电量降低的同时缩短了组件的使用寿命.准确地评估光伏现场积灰浓度,将有助提升光伏发电功率预测模型的精度.本文以光伏电站现场采集的灰尘颗粒为研究对象,首先分析了灰尘颗粒的元素组成、含量、形貌特征和粒径分布,根据光伏组件实际的发电效率和环境参数,建立了积灰浓度软测量模型...     

自动气象站移动计量检定系统设计与实现

根据自动气象站计量检定的特点,研究设计了一种自动气象站移动计量检定系统,可实现自动气象站雨量传感器和数据采集器的现场校准,以及实验室校准后的气压、气温、地温、湿度、风向、风速、蒸发、日照、辐射等传感器的现场核查。本文所设计的自动气象站移动计量检定系统,提高了气象计量检定的工作效率,保证了自动气象站的正常运行和数据的准确可靠。     

上海自动气象站实时质量控制系统研究

自动气象站的实时观测资料直接影响着中尺度、短时效天气预报的准确性和有效性。如何确保自动站实时观测资料的准确性尤为重要。其中,无人值守的加密自动气象站,易受环境影响,当仪器故障或者受到外界干扰时,观测数据可能会出现差错。根据上海地区自动站的实际建设情况,采用单站控制和空间控制方法,根据地理位置和环境划分海上、沿海、内陆等多个区域,对自动站数据进行合理、科学、有效的实时质量控制。该质量控制系统的建立,将有助于为2010年的上海世博气象服务提供具有代表性、准确性、比较性的自动气象站实时观测资料。     

基于CIM的电力系统厂站接线可靠性分析系统

为了提高电力系统厂站接线可靠性,提出基于CIM的电力系统厂站接线可靠性分析方法。采用基于CIM/SVG的厂站接线图自动生成技术进行电力系统厂站接线设计,建立等效拓扑设计和可靠性约束参量模型,结合参数优化辨识方法进行电力系统厂站接线过程中的参量优化解析控制,采用自适应寻优方法进行厂站接线图自动生成过程中的寻优设计,进行电力系统厂站接线的参量数据融合处理,提高电力系统厂站接线的可靠性和参数寻优控制能力,实现电力系统厂站可靠性接线优化,结合图元、数据、模型三位一体的系统设计方法,实现基于CIM/SVG的厂站接线图自动生成与系统设计。仿真结果表明,采用该方法进行电力系统厂站接线设计的可靠性较好,接线输出稳定性较高。     

Electrical performances optimization of Photovoltaic Modules with FMECA approach

The renewable energy industry has been growing remarkably over the last years and the recent Fukushima nuclear crisis has given a further incentive worldwide. In this context, solar radiation represents one of the most accessible energy resources and the involved industry has seen rapid expansion in the past decade with an ever-increasing share of the electricity-generating capacity. To this aim, both for manufactures and Photovoltaic Plant (PV) management, the assessment of the quality, reliability and electrical performances of their products are becoming more and more important. So, in order to fulfill such requirements, a Failure Modes, Effects and Criticality Analysis methodology (FMECA) has been proposed with the aim to classify the occurrence, the severity and the impact of all possible failure mechanisms on the PV module, which is the fundamental sub-system of the plant. The aim of the proposed approach is to reduce, or eliminate, the impact of potential failure modes before failures occur in the field and it highlights the final effects that show the occurrence of a fault or malfunction. Starting from the results of FMECA, it is also possible to implement suitable architecture of a monitoring system and its metrological characteristics, that can be applied in architecture devoted to Condition Monitoring (CM) techniques.     

离网光伏电站的优化设计及工程应用

为实现系统能独立为光资源丰富的边远地区和海岛提供清洁、可靠的电力资源,解决离网光伏电站配置问题,提出一种基于供电可靠性和全寿命周期成本为优化目标的离网光伏电站优化设计方法。为精确计算系统的运行状态,建立了光伏发电系统模型和蓄电池充放电模型;为充分利用太阳资源,建立了光伏组件最佳方位角和倾角模型;为降低系统成本,建立了负荷缺电率和全生命周期成本模型;为全面了解离网电站发电量,建立了光伏系统效率模型。最后对具体案例进行优化配置、仿真分析,验证系统满足负荷用电需求。     

风光互补供电自动气象站的应用研究

虽然风光互补发电技术已经广泛应用于道路、景观、小区照明等领域,但是直接应用于自动气象站的示例却不多。本文以梧桐山自动气象站为例,从气象监测的需求出发,结合风光互补供电系统的特点,提出建设方案,并对自动气象站的风光互补供电控制技术进行阐述。实践证明此项技术可以提高自动气象站的运行质量。     

Theoretical investigation of the thermal performance of evacuated heat pipe solar collector with optimum tilt angle under various operating conditions

The thermal performance of an individual pipe in an evacuated tube solar collector with a heat pipe is investigated by an analytical method based on the energy balance of the collector. A simulation method was developed and compared to experimental results under different operating conditions, such as different ambient temperature and changes in weather. After comparing the simulation and experimental results, a discrepancy of about 0–6% is observed due to the simple assumptions in the simulation process and unavoidable human factors. The results show that under conditions of poor radiation and low ambient temperature, the efficiency changes rapidly, while it is relatively steady in high-radiation situations, and is influenced by differences in the ambient temperature and the collector inlet temperature. In addition to the change in the tilt angle of the solar collectors, the solar radiation collected by the absorber unit varies, which leads to differences in the outlet temperature and the efficiency.

     

印度洋季风观测船载气象站控制系统设计

船载气象站是通过船舶的走航获得实时、准确气象数据的一种主要设备。用于科考工作的船载气象站不但要求其机械结构在恶劣环境下安全可靠,更是对其数据采集与控制系统的采样种类、精度及数据处理与传输能力有极高要求。为了获得更多印度洋热带季风爆发过程中的气象数据,从而能更好地研究印度洋热带季风爆发原因及其海气相互作用过程,文章基于DT80数据采集器设计了一款适用于恶劣海况下工作的高精度多气象参数采样与控制系统。对其主要传感器进行选型及标定,并完成其控制系统硬件设计。文章重点研究各传感器采样特性及其数据处理方法,以获得可靠的长短波辐射、湿度、气温、海表皮温等气象参数,并对船载气象站真风计算方法作了初步研究。基于上述研究,编写完成控制系统软件。整套船载气象站数据采集控制系统被应用于为期半个月的印度洋MOMSEI航次实测中。对所得数据处理分析发现,该船载气象站所测气象参数与真实情况吻合,证明本系统的软硬件设计尤其是气象数据处理算法符合项目要求。     

夏季短期电力负荷预测的MGM（1，n）建模及应用

在对浙江省嘉兴市的历史气象数据进行分析的基础上，提出了一种带气象因素校正的灰色短期负荷预测模型，称为MGM（1，n）模型。实例分析表明，这种方法能较大地提高夏季短期负荷的预测精度，是预测夏季短期电力负荷的一种行之有效的方法。     

Study on thermal behavior of a cuboid on reflecting platforms under transient weather conditions

The purpose of this study is validating the factors which affect the surface temperature of a cuboid under transient solar irradiance. The surface temperature is determined by considering the material property and weather conditions including the solar irradiance which plays a major role in thermal signature profile in clear daytime. This study focuses on verifying the unsteady temperature prediction result obtained from a SW developed in this study by comparing with those results obtained from a commercial SW and measurement. In this paper, a cuboid on reflecting platforms with different surface reflectivity is used for verifying the measured and calculated temperatures by considering a diurnal variation of climatic changes. The developed SW predicts the surface temperature of the cuboid considering the real-time weather data from measurements. From this study it is observed that the developed SW is compared fairly well with the commercial SW RadThermIR, and the developed SW shoes better agreements with the measured data as compared to the RadThermIR data. We also found that the use of proper radiative surface properties is very important to obtain more accurate modeled results especially for highly reflecting system with solar irradiation.     

Weather measurements traceability: An example at INRiM

A weather measurements station is installed at the Italian Institute of Metrology (INRiM) and used to measure and save temperature, pressure and air humidity values. The aim of the Institute is to provide weather measurements that are traceable to the national standards. A dedicated software for interfacing the station, for acquiring the measurements and collecting them into a data base was realized at the INRiM. Moreover, the sensors of the station were calibrated within a climatic chamber by comparison with the INRiM standard instruments. For the first time in Italy, a project for ensuring traceability to weather measurements is being conducted. The aim is also to promote the evaluation of the associated uncertainties, which are not provided by any Italian Meteorological Service, at present. Further developments of the activity will consist in making available through the Internet the instant measured values of the weather parameters, as well as a complete data base of the recordings, stored in daily, monthly and annually collected data archives.     

靖安县雷暴大风天气与回波特征分析

利用雷达回波特征分析方法能较好地识别雷暴大风天气并开展监测预警服务。文章针对2013-2019年靖安县5次雷暴大风过程,从地面自动气象站数据、天气形势背景和雷达回波特征3个方面,采用统计分析、天气图中尺度分析和图像特征提取等方法进行分析,以期为靖安雷暴大风天气的识别和预测提供参考依据。     

浅谈自动气象站的日常维护

在做好自动气象站地面气象测报业务软件、自动气象站监控软件和通讯组网接口软件维护的同时,也要做好自动气象站传感器、采集器、计算机、系统电源电缆及防雷设施等硬件的维护,才能保障自动气象站资料准确、及时的收集和传输。笔者根据DZZ1—2型自动气象站常见故障及其形成原因,结合实际工作实践经验,介绍了自动气象站软件和硬件两方面在使用维护中注意事项和技巧。