基于知识的CAD系统的本系结构和关键技术的理论与实践

工程设计是一个知识驱动的创造性过程，KBE技术是促进工程设计智能化的重要途径。本文在深入总结前人研究工作的基础上．系统地论述了基于知识的CAD系统的基本内涵、体系结构和扣关的关键技术。产品建模的核心问题是建立相关的知识模型和计算模型。本文对知识模型和计算模型，以及它们之间的关系进行了分析。     

基于参数化模型的设计计算服务

针对工程设计中设计者需要学会操作过多的仿真分析软件并需要在具备其它学科专业知识的基础上为设计对象建模的问题,提出了一种让设计者借助网络服务平台完成工程设计计算任务的方法.设计者可以通过服务平台,选择由外部其他专业人员已构建好的参数化设计计算模型,在适当地进行远程外部定制函数链接和模型参数在线设置之后,即时获得服务器远程计算后的仿真计算结果.上述思想方法通过开发计算服务平台提供发动机设计仿真分析服务得到了验证.结果表明,这种服务平台可以为机械领域设计者进行诸多仿真计算工作,大大减轻了设计者的建模工作量,提高了设计工作效率,同时避免了因专业知识不够而无法正确建模的问题.     

多智能体交互环境下的社会推理计算模型

社会因果关系推理是社会智能的一个核心方面.建立社会推理计算模型有助于增强智能系统的认知和社会功能,并有力促进多智能体系统的设计与实现.本文基于领域任务因果知识和智能体交互行为描述,提出一种对社会因果关系和社会行为进行推理评判的计算模型.结合应用环境,给出该模型的运行实例.与相关工作进行比较,验证本文计算模型的有效性.     

语义Web中工程设计类知识表示研究

研究了如何在语义Web中,实现工程设计类知识的表示与应用。对工程设计类各种异构知识进行统一描述,在此基础上,运用RDF(S)技术,建立了语义Web环境下,工程设计类知识的Ontology。提出了基于语义Web的知识存储模型以及面向上层应用程序的接口设计,为语义Web环境下工程设计类知识管理系统的开发提供了底层平台。     

联想思维的超拓扑结构模型

从人类实际的知识表示结构出发来研究联想思维的本质规律，提出了超拓扑结构联想模型，给出了结合处理相似相关与对立相关的联想计算方法和分层优先的联想确认算法．事实证明，该模型的确是人类联想思维的一般化模型。     

中文语义相关度计算模型研究

现有的中文语义相关度计算模型对相关度的定义并不明确和统一,且计算方法多以相似度计算为基础,导致应用语义相关度存在局限。提出了一个新的语义相关的定义,认为两个词所表达的概念之间,如果存在用类似“知网”的知识描述体系所描述的语义关系,那么这两个概念之间就是语义相关的。通过挖掘这些直接或间接的关系,提出了一种新的语义相关度的计算模型,适用于所有类似知网的知识体系中语义相关度的计算。最后将该计算模型应用于词义排歧,验证了该计算模型的有效性。     

适用于工程设计的多智体协商冲突解决方法研究

讨论和分析了工程设计协作的特点和产生设计冲突的原因，根据分布式人工智能的思想，给出了适用于工程设计的多智体协商冲突解决模型和相关的冲突化解方法，其目的是通过工程设计过程中的冲突发现和冲突化解，提高设计效率，减少设计错误，降低成本。     

基于任务元的工程产品CAD信息对象集成模型

工程设计是工程技术人员根据约束条件及有关规范,利用自身经验、专业知识及一系列分析、综合、评价得到满足特定要求的设计结果所进行的一种智能活动。它是一个十分复杂的过程,一般要经历方案设计、初步设计和施工图设计三个阶段,包括设计构思、结构计算、设计细化、施工图绘制、工程概预算等。这些活动需要各类产品信息的通讯、交换和共享,因此研究协同产品信息模型十分必要。本文针对工程设计的特点,提出并建立了工程产品CAD信息对象集成模型。最后     

基于RNN的试题相似度计算模型研究与实现

由于对试题库的管理缺乏相应的相似度检测手段,导致试题库会存在相似试题和重复试题。这些高相似度试题不仅会严重影响了试题库的管理,而且对知识的考核与评估、考试系统测评等都造成不良影响,因此需要采取必要的技术针对知识库中的相似试题进行处理。为此本文进行了试题库相似度计算的相关研究,展开了基于循环神经网络(RNN)的相似度计算模型的相关研究。     

基于组件技术的工程设计资源库的研究与开发

该文提出了一种基于组件技术,包括标准件库、基于Web的工程材料数据库和常用典型零部件库三部分组件的设计资源库系统框架模型,通过组件配置将该资源库嵌入到CAD应用系统中,实现工程设计资源的重用和共享,以此解决工程设计过程中存在的大量重复设计和计算等问题,从而提高工程设计的效率和质量。     

A critical review of Knowledge-Based Engineering: An identification of research challenges

Knowledge-Based Engineering (KBE) is a research field that studies methodologies and technologies for capture and re-use of product and process engineering knowledge. The objective of KBE is to reduce time and cost of product development, which is primarily achieved through automation of repetitive design tasks while capturing, retaining and re-using design knowledge. Published research on KBE is not very extensive and also quite dispersed; this paper is an effort to collect and review existing literature on KBE. A total of 50 research contributions have been analysed. The main objectives of this analysis are to identify the theoretical foundations of KBE and to identify research issues within KBE, pointing out the challenges and pitfalls that currently prohibit a wider adoption of KBE while suggesting avenues for further research. Key findings include (a) the necessity for improved methodological support and adherence, (b) better transparency and traceability of knowledge, (c) the necessity for a quantitative framework to assess the viability and success of KBE development and implementation projects, and (d) the opportunity to move towards mass customization approaches through distributed deployment of KBE in the extended enterprise.     

A framework for management of Knowledge-Based Engineering applications as software services: Enabling personalization and codification

Literature on Knowledge-Based Engineering (KBE) has identified challenges concerning the personalization and codification of knowledge for new product development, such as maintaining the quality, accessibility and traceability of knowledge for inspection, review and re-use, as well as managing the life-cycle of KBE applications and the knowledge contained within these applications. This paper reports on the development of a framework that realizes the management of Knowledge-Based Engineering (KBE) applications as software services, and in doing so supports the codification and personalization of knowledge that is used in performing knowledge-intensive product development tasks. The developed framework supports the elicitation and structuring of design and manufacturing knowledge, provides the capacity to run KBE applications as remote software services, and facilitates the distribution and lifecycle management of KBE applications and the underlying knowledge. A ‘learning by doing’ approach is supported where knowledge can both be personalized and codified as design progresses and new insights are gained. The framework has been successfully applied in an industrial use case that considers the conceptual design of composite aircraft wing covers.     

Knowledge based engineering: Between AI and CAD. Review of a language based technology to support engineering design

Knowledge based engineering (KBE) is a relatively young technology with an enormous potential for engineering design applications. Unfortunately the amount of dedicated literature available to date is quite low and dispersed. This has not promoted the diffusion of KBE in the world of industry and academia, neither has it contributed to enhancing the level of understanding of its technological fundamentals. The scope of this paper is to offer a broad technological review of KBE in the attempt to fill the current information gap. The artificial intelligence roots of KBE are briefly discussed and the main differences and similarities with respect to classical knowledge based systems and modern general purpose CAD systems highlighted. The programming approach, which is a distinctive aspect of state-of-the-art KBE systems, is discussed in detail, to illustrate its effectiveness in capturing and re-using engineering knowledge to automate large portions of the design process. The evolution and trends of KBE systems are investigated and, to conclude, a list of recommendations and expectations for the KBE systems of the future is provided.     

The evolution of knowledge-based engineering from a design research perspective: Literature review 2012–2021

Knowledge-based engineering (KBE) is a research field, which evolved in the 1980s within the context of artificial intelligence (AI), computer aided design (CAD) and computer programming. KBE is often referred to methods, processes and tools for knowledge reuse and design automation promising time and cost benefits in engineering design and originally especially in aerospace and automotive industry. Despite the long period of existence, theoretical foundations of KBE are weak and scientific literature is quite dispersed. About a decade ago, a review by Verhagen et al. collected the state of research and identified future research challenges, which has gained impact within the KBE research community. Therefore, within our review we aim at analysing the evolution of those research challenges in KBE literature during the last decade and further provide an overview of current shortcomings from a design research perspective. The analysis comprises 160 publications from the period of 2012 to 2021. Key findings from the review show, that the challenges from 2012 remain unsolved. We further derived that reuse and adoption of KBE approaches from literature is impeded by (1) a missing conceptualization of KBE research, (2) insufficient links from knowledge source to automation and (3) a tendency of insufficient distinction of the application area.     

Design engineering—a need to rethink the solution using knowledge based engineering

This paper discusses the current limitations of Computer Aided Design (CAD) tools and reports on the use of knowledge Based Engineering (KBE) in the creation of a concept development tool, to organise information flow and as an architecture for the effective implementation of rapid design solutions. The KBE tool along with supporting analytical solutions has been applied to the Body-In-White area of automotive design. The present methods of using CAD and Finite Element Analysis (FEA) systems do not use a unified product/process model representation and lead to the creation of separate non-relation data models that only capture the result of the engineering process. The KBE method unifies the engineering intent into a single model that allows for existing or novel design solutions to be assessed. These design solutions can then represent themselves in the correct form to the analysis systems. Automeshing is achieved using a rule-base that meshes the model with respect to the analysis solution required, materials and processes.     

基于KBE的模具型腔设计系统

为了解决模具型腔设计过程中信息集成和知识经验共享问题,提出将基于知识的工程（knowledge basedengineering,KBE）技术引入模具的型腔设计过程,并构造了基于KBE的模具型腔设计系统,其中充分采用了特征技术和知识工程技术.特征技术主要解决模具型腔设计各阶段的信息集成问题,而知识工程技术则主要解决模具型腔设计过程中的知识共享问题.研究结果表明,通过在模具型腔设计过程中引入KBE技术,可以有效地提高模具型腔设计的设计效率,加快模具开发的进程.     

Adaptable methodology for automation application development

An adaptable methodology for automation application development (AMAAD) is introduced. This development methodology is based on the key concept that design automation (DA) applications are a subset of higher level knowledge-based engineering (KBE) applications, and thus can be developed using a subset of KBE methods. The proposed methodology is largely built upon two existing KBE methodologies: CommonKADS and MOKA, which have become popular models for automating engineering processes. The proposed extension of these methods introduces flexibility to tailor the process for producing automation software to the specific needs of the problem through the specification of a number of attributes. These attributes are linked to subtasks in the key lifecycle phases of application development. This proposed methodology provides a link between KBE and DA applications and provides structure to the application development process. A software tool was written to facilitate the process of identifying the capability needs of an automated solution, and providing detail of the tasks to be followed for its development.     

Implementation of knowledge-based engineering methodology in ship structural design

The work presents a knowledge-based engineering (KBE) methodology for ship hull structural member design. In the ship design process, many design tasks need the expertise or design experiences to support them. However, the ship design procedure is a complicated process with many labor-intensive activities. Therefore it is necessary to integrate intelligent design process into ship design. An application developed in a KBE system takes design requirements, applies the knowledge stored in the knowledge base and generates a new design automatically. Knowledge-based engineering methods for ship design are put forward, which combine with the theory of intelligent design. A ship deck design case illustrates the feasibility of the proposed approach. The KBE technology provides appropriate suggestions and support, integrates the information, to avoid conflict and errors. Besides, it also achieves knowledge reuse and accumulation, provides reliable technical support for ship design quality, significantly reduces the design cycle, and promotes working efficiency.     

基于神经网络的注塑模KBE系统开发

针对现有注塑模具设计CAD系统存在的缺点,提出基于神经网络的注塑模KBE系统开发思想。阐述了模具设计的特点、KBE的内涵和特点以及神经网络的原理和在模具设计KBE上的应用,设计了基于神经网络的摩托车塑件模具设计KBE的基本系统框架,并分配了模具设计KBE系统中神经网络算法的榆入、输出以及隐层各神经元,为注塑模具设计KBE提供了系统构造基础研究。     

Fixture knowledge model development and implementation based on a functional design approach

The development of a knowledge model applied to fixture design is a complex task. The main purpose of such model is the development of a knowledge-based application to assist fixture designers. It comprises a detailed specification of the types and structures of data involved in the execution of the inference process needed to create a fixture solution for machining a raw part. A development method together with a knowledge model for automating fixture design is proposed. The development was divided into three parts: Design Process Model, definition of Top-level functional functions and Product Knowledge Model. Adopting a functional design approach, the fixture design solution was created in two levels: functional and detailed. The functional level is based on fixture functional elements and the detailed one is based on fixture commercial elements. The definitions and concepts used in the application are specified in several Units of Knowledge (UoK) that comprises the Fixture Knowledge Model. Common Knowledge Analysis and Design Structuring (CommonKADS), Methodology and software tools Oriented to KBE Applications (MOKA), Integrated DEFinition for Function Modelling (IDEF0) and Unified Modelling Language (UML) are the methodologies and techniques used in the proposed method. Finally, a prototype KBE application for fixture design was developed.