英语翻译技巧（36）

英语翻译技巧（３６）涂学忠（化工部北京橡胶工业研究设计院１０００３９）５．３ＢｅａｄＦｉｌｌｅｒｓ（Ｆｌｉｐｐｅｒｓ）ＩｎｔｈｏｓｅＩｎｓｔａｎｃｅｓｗｈｅｒｅｆｕｒｔｈｅｒｒｅｉｎｆｏｒｃｅｍｅｎｔｏｆｔｈｅｔｙｒｅｂｅａｄａｒｅａｉｓｒｅｑｕｉｒ...     

玻璃工厂供油系统设计中的若干工艺方法

玻璃工厂供油系统设计中的若干工艺方法杨际淼（山东省轻工业设计院２５００１４）ＳｏｍｅＮｅｗＴｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌＤｅｓｉｇｎｓｆｏｒＦｕｅｌＳｙｓｔｅｍｉｎＧｌａｓｓＦａｃｔｏｒｉｅｓ￥ＹａｎｇＪｉｍｉａｏ（ＴｈｅＳｈａｎｄｏｎｇＤｅｓｉｇｎＩｎ...     

行列式制瓶机上的电子凸轮

行列式制瓶机上的电子凸轮姜丰英（齐鲁莫尔玻璃机械有限公司２５５３１１）ＥｌｅｃｔｒｏｎｉｃＣａｍｓｏｆＩＳＦｏｒｍｉｎｇＭａｃｈｉｎｅ￥ＪｉａｎｇＦｅｎｇｙｉｎｇ（Ｑｉｌｕ－ＭａｕｌＧｌａｓｓＭａｃｈｉｎｅｒｙＣｏ．Ｌｔｄ）Ａｂｓｔｒａｃｔ：ＩｎＩ．...     

骨质瓷坯体的定位急速干燥

骨质瓷坯体的定位急速干燥肖立阁（唐山市第一瓷厂，唐山０６３０２０）ＴｈｅＰｏｓｉｔｉｏｎａｌＦａｓｔＤｒｙｉｎｇｏｆｔｈｅＢｏｎｅＣｈｉｎａＢｏｄｙ￥ＸｉａｏＬｉｇｅ（ＦｉｒｓｔＰｏｒｃｅｌａｉｎＦａｃｔｏｒｙ，ＴａｎｇｓｈａｎＣｉｔｙ）骨质瓷坯体由...     

对应熔窑构型及玻璃品种规模的玻璃液流熔制特征（续）

对应熔窑构型及玻璃品种规模的玻璃液流熔制特征（续）杨志强，胡桅林，过增元（清华大学工程力学系北京１０００８４）ＧｌａｓｓＭｅｌｔＦｌｏｗＰａｔｔｅｒｎＲｅｌａｔｅｄｗｉｔｈＦｕｒｎａｃｅＳｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅｆｏｒＤｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔＳｃａｌｅｓａｎｄＰｒ...     

用发生炉煤气进行快速热风烤窑的应用

用发生炉煤气进行快速热风烤窑的应用王善波，王志军（山东荣成市玻搪工程有限公司２６４３０９）ＰｒｏｄｕｃｅｒＧａｓＵｓｅｄｆｏｒＦａｓｔＨｅａｔｉｎｇｕｐＴａｎｋＦｕｒｎａｃｅ￥ＷａｎｇＳｈａｎｂｏ；ＷａｎｇＺｈｉｊｕｎ（ＳｈａｎｄｏｎｇＲｏｎｇｃｈｅ...     

煤提油的LFC工艺技术

煤提油的ＬＦＣ工艺技术煤提油工艺以低变质煤为原料，通过美国ＳＧＩ公司ＬＦｃ工艺（ＬｉｑｕｉｄｓＦｒｏｍＣｏａｌ）（见图）生产出一种高价值的称ＣＤＬ（ＣｏａｌＤｅｒｉｖｅｄＬｉｑｕｉｄ）的煤制油和另一种称为ＰＤＦ（ＰｒｏｃｅｓｓＤｅｒｉｖｅｄＦｕｅｌ）...     

陶瓷的低温烧成与快速烧成

陶瓷的低温烧成与快速烧成梁忠友（山东轻工业学院，济南２５０１００）ＬｏｗＴｅｍｐｅｒａｔｕｒｅＦｉｒｉｎｇａｎｄＦａｓｔＦｉｒｉｎｇｏｆＣｅｒａｍｉｃｓ￥ＬｉａｎｇＺｈｏｎｇｙｏｕ（ＳｈａｎｄｏｎｇＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＬｉｇｈｔＩｎｄｕｓｔｒｙ）所...     

英语翻译技巧（25）

英语翻译技巧（２５）涂学忠（化工部北京橡胶工业研究设计院１０００３９）５ＣｏａｔｉｎｇｏｆＴｅｘｔｉｌｅＦａｂｒｉｃｓ５．１ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＣｏａｔｉｎｇｏｆｔｅｘｔｉｌｅｆａｂｒｉｃｓＩｓａｎｅｘｔｒｅｍｅｌｙｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔａｓｐｅｃｔ...     

熔窑玻璃液流数值模拟的新发展

熔窑玻璃液流数值模拟的新发展赵国昌（清华大学核能技术设计研究院，１０００８４）ＮｅｗＤｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔｏｆｔｈｅＮｕｍｅｒｉｃａｌＳｉｍｕｌａｔｉｏｎｆｏｒＦｌｏｗａｎｄＨｅａｔＴｒａｎｓｆｅｒｏｆＧｌａｓｓＭｅｌｔｉｎＴａｎｋＦｕｒｎａｃｅ￥Ｚ...     

尿素联产三聚氰胺的利弊分析

简要介绍520 kt/a氨气提工艺尿素联产30 kt/a三聚氰胺装置的关联情况。从技术与经济两个方面计算和分析了联产三聚氰胺后对原有尿素装置的影响,并与新增50 kt/a小尿素装置对比,说明尿素联产三聚氰胺的技术经济可行性。     

过碳酸钠洗涤性能和稳定性能影响因素的研究

过碳酸钠 (PC)是一种碳酸钠与过氧化氢的络合物 ,其特点是对环境无污染。作者以洗涤剂中含有过碳酸钠为前提 ,从洗涤剂最常见的原料对PC的活性与稳定性能的影响方面进行了研究 ,通过实验证明Na2 CO3 、Na2 SO4 、十二烷基苯磺酸钠 (LAS)、三聚磷酸钠 (STPP)、MgSO4 、Na2 SiO3 、四乙酰乙二胺 (TAED)对PC的活性和稳定性都有影响。发现Na2 CO3 对过碳酸钠漂白的促进作用在过碳酸钠质量浓度低的时候尤其明显 ;随着Na2 SO4 、LAS用量的增加 ,白度值上升 ,在达到一定值后白度下降 ;而STPP恰恰相反 ,质量浓度增大 ,白度增大 ,当STPP质量浓度达到一定值时 ,作用反而更显著 ;MgSO4 很敏感 ,在窄区间有一峰值 ;Na2 SiO3 的用量在 2 5 %以内时 ,白度升高的趋势很强 ;TAED对PC起活化作用且和温度有关。最后设计出一个配方与标准粉比较去污比值是 2 2 1。     

Determining the Threshold of Detection of a Minimal Specific Weight of Particles in the Study of Shock-Wave Dusting of Surfaces of Materials

Particles are discharged from surfaces of materials under a shock-wave load. Experimental results on determining the minimal values of a specific weight of particles with which their velocity can be detected using a heterodyne interferometer [photon Doppler velocimetry (PDV) method] are presented. An effect of multiple frequency shift of a Doppler signal in the case of laser radiation being reflected from surfaces of materials and a semitransparent layer of dust particles is described.     

Modified method of mathematical modeling of processes of the dynamics of thermotechnical units

A modified method of lumped parameters that gives a dynamic model of thermotechnical objects used for studying control systems is presented. The dynamic equations having constant coefficients that characterize static and dynamic properties of an object are transformed into modified equations with variables determined by the size and direction of deviation of the process parameters. A system of equations for a drying unit is used to show that the modified method reduces the computation error by a factor of 5 –10 and can describe important features of the behavior of a thermotechnical object, which could not be done earlier. The volume of computations by the modified method more than doubles     

Stability of granules of solid solutions of poly-pehnyleneterephthalamide

Conclusions Studies of starting solutions of PPTA in sulfuric acid and of granules obtained under pressrue at low temperature, and of granules stored in a hermetic package, have been carried out by the methods of differential thermal analysis, turbidity spectrum and viscometry.On granulation of a solidified PPTA solution, short-term storage of the granules in a hermetic package, or short contanct of the granulated mass with air, no appreciable change in melting point or of the intrinsic viscosity of the system takes place.Long storage of a granulated solution, even in hermetic packages, can lead to a considerable decrease in the melting point of the crystal solvates, caused by an increase in defectiveness of crystal structure under the effect of moisture.Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 3, pp. 25–26, May–June, 1986.     

Use of graphs for formalizing the laws of functioning of loading-unloading devices

The example of defining a law for operation of a stacking conveyor demonstrates the possibility of a language for algorithm graphs. This language is sufficiently universal and can be used for describing a law for operation of a wide class of manipulators and other similar devices, and it is sufficiently graphic. The algorithm graphs allow accurately, with all necessary details but at the same time concisely, describing any microprogram for operating manipulators and revealing its logical imperfection with both heuristic and formal methods of the theory of graphs. The algorithm graphs obtained can be used as the basis for developing a computer program in any both high- and low-level algorithm language.     

Effect of the Intensification of Mechanical Processing on the Conversion of the Mineral Matter of Coal Fuel

The influence of intense preliminary mechanical processing in a disintegrator on the conversion of the mineral matter of Kuznetsk black coal was determined. With the use of X-ray spectral fluorescence analysis and a method of coal sample separation based on density, a significant redistribution of the mineral components with the use of an energy-intensive mill (disintegrator) was found in comparison with standard mills utilized in heat-power engineering in terms of both particle-size fractions and density. Crushing in the disintegrator leads to a more uniform distribution of mineral substances over the fractions. A small fraction becomes enriched in mineral elements such as calcium- and iron-containing minerals bound to the organic matter. The separation based on density showed that crushing in the disintegrator leads to a significant decrease in the concentration of iron-containing minerals and a decrease in the portion of organic components in the heavy fraction, as compared with crushing in a ball–tube mill.     

Effect of the mechanical failure of catalyst pellets on the pressure drop of a reactor

The effect of the mechanical failure of catalyst pellets on the pressure drop across a laboratory-scale catalyst packing has been examined by experiment. Results reveal that, along with the mechanical failure of the pellets, there exists a point of maximum curvature around which the slope of pressure drop increases rapidly. This rapid increase is attributed to a mutation of the packing structure, occurring as the amount of failed pellets reaches a certain critical value. The secondary breakage of the pellets contributes much to the mutation of the packing and to the pressure drop. It has been observed that a trilobite catalyst is more susceptible to a mechanical stress than a cylindrical catalyst, and that a catalyst with a smaller diameter is much easier to result in an increase in the pressure drop. The measurement of the pressure drop across a laboratory-scale catalyst packing as the failure of pellets under a mechanical stress has a satisfactory reproducibility, and has a close meaning to the mechanical reliability of a fixed bed converter, and hence is recommended as a method for catalyst assessment. The multi-scale and multi-disciplinary nature of catalyst mechanical reliability is also discussed.     

Prediction of mechanical properties of polymers. Tensile strength of glass-reinforced plastics

Tensile strength data at high and low rates of loading were obtained for a glass-reinforced polyester and a glass-reinforced epoxy. Analysis of the data by a rate method indicated that such a method may be used to predict behavior of polymers from limited test data.     

三种芦荟胶的保湿功能评价

利用一种操作简便和科学性较强的化妆品原料及人体皮肤保湿功能评价方法,运用Corneometer在1组共30名健康受试者中对3种试验物（芦荟胶）进行检测,并将结果分析研究,对这3种芦荟胶保湿试验物进行了保湿功能评价。提出用Corneometer来评价保湿功能是一种具有较高敏感性、重复性和适用性的客观评价方法。