影响泡菜质量的因素及其质量控制

讨论了泡菜生产的基本工艺条件，分析了原料的选择、预处理、发酵温度和时间、保脆、护色、发酵剂的选择、杀菌条件等因素对产品质量的影响。结果表明：采用杀菌、硬化、漂烫、护色等工艺对原料做适当的预处理；接种0.2％的乳酸菌；使用16％的盐水；26℃发酵7d；产乳酸0．6％；加辅料调味后采用真空包装，90℃杀菌15min即可。     

低盐香蕉花泡菜的研制

本文对香蕉花泡菜低盐化生产的基本工艺条件进行了讨论,通过对原料选择、预处理、发酵温度和时间、保脆、护色、发酵剂、杀菌条件等对产品质量的影响进行分析.发现采用2%柠檬酸、0.05%Vc、1.0%食盐、0.1?Cl2进行护色,用10%盐水进行腌制,在26℃下用保加利亚杆菌和噬热链球菌混合菌种发酵7d,并科学加入佐料,80℃杀茵15min,生产的低盐香蕉花泡菜具有较好的质量.     

软包装菊芋泡菜加工工艺的研究

对菊芋的去皮、护色、发酵工艺、汤汁调配及产品保存进行了探讨，试验表明，菊芋脱皮以碱液浓度为４％￣６％，温度９５℃，浸碱时间６０￣１２０ｓ为宜。采用０．３％￣０．４％的ＨＣｌ溶液室温下浸泡３０ｍｉｎ起到护色作用；混合菌种与陈泡菜水共同接种，产品质量较高；以热力杀菌保存袋装泡菜效果较好，２００ｇ袋装菊芋泡菜，在９０℃下，杀菌１０ｍｉｎ可达到商业灭菌效果。     

胡萝卜泡菜的无硫护色条件研究

以色差值和感官评分为考查指标,比较了乙二胺四乙酸二钠(EDTA-2Na)、L-抗坏血酸(Vc)、异抗坏血酸钠和柠檬酸对胡萝卜泡菜的护色效果,从中筛选出护色效果最好的护色剂,研究了其质量分数、浸泡时间和温度及其分别与Vc和柠檬酸的联合使用对泡菜的护色效果,获得了胡萝卜泡菜的适宜无硫护色条件,即将新鲜胡萝卜片放在其质量3倍体积、质量比为1:1的0.4%(w/v)EDTA-2Na和0.4%(w/v)Vc的混合液中,于25℃下浸泡60 min。在此护色条件下处理的胡萝卜泡菜的色差变化最小,感官评分最高。螯合剂和抗氧化剂联合使用对胡萝卜泡菜具有良好的护色效果。     

发酵型枸杞黄酒生产工艺以及护色方法的研究

研究了原料配比、发酵温度及时间对发酵型枸杞黄酒的生产工艺的影响,优化了枸杞黄酒的酿造工艺,即枸杞用量为19%,酵母用量为0.09%,发酵温度为29℃,发酵7 d;并且进一步探讨了枸杞黄酒的护色工艺,考察了2种护色剂——护色剂1和护色剂2,以及杀菌温度和时间对枸杞黄酒色泽的不同作用,优化后的护色条件为:护色剂1用量为0.6 g/L,护色剂2用量为4.0 g/L,杀菌温度为85℃,杀菌时间为10 min。     

热烫对超高压杀菌泡菜风味成分的影响

为了探讨热烫护色对超高压杀菌泡菜风味的影响,将发酵成熟的泡菜置于沸腾泡菜水中热烫1.5 min,真空包装后于550 MPa超高压处理5 min,采用SPME-GC-MS测定泡菜香气成分的变化。结果表明,热烫处理对超高压泡菜的风味成分产生显著影响,与未热烫处理的成熟泡菜及高压杀菌泡菜相比,醇类分别增加43.3%及10.4%;酸类分别减少87.4%及69.1%;酯类分别减少75.9%及53.3%,而异硫氰酸酯类分别增加36.8%及8.3%;硫醚类及二硫化物分别减少43.9%及29.9%。从风味上看,热烫护色处理使超高压泡菜中具有清新风味的芳樟醇、α-松油醇、香茅醇、萜品烯、柠檬醛以及异硫氰酸酯类增加,而具有刺激、异香及脂香气的酸类、α-水芹烯、莰烯、二硫化物、某些烯烃类及其它挥发性化合物减少。总之,热烫使泡菜脂香及异味减少,清新气味增加,从而提高超高压泡菜的香味品质。     

苹果粒罐头加工技术研究

对苹果粒罐头制作过程中的护色、保脆、配方及不同的脱气、排气、杀菌条件对产品风味、质地及贮藏期间的影响进行了研究,得出最佳工艺处理条件为护色混合液为柠檬酸0.3%,Vc0.05%,氯化钙0.8%,护色时间30min,排气中心温度80℃,排气时间10min,杀菌温度100℃,杀菌时间10min。     

蚕豆泡菜的发酵工艺条件

以新鲜蚕豆为主要原料 ,通过对自然发酵、陈泡菜卤水、人工接种和人工陈卤发酵方法的研究 ,确定了人工陈卤发酵方法为最佳发酵方法 ;采用L9(3 4)正交试验设计 ,研究了食盐含量、食糖含量和接种量对蚕豆泡菜品质的影响 ,结果表明 ,食盐为 4% ,白砂糖为 8% ,接种量为 5 % ,发酵温度为 2 5～ 3 0℃ ,杀菌条件为 85℃、1 5min时 ,可获得令人满意的产品     

直投式生物法快速生产泡菜工艺条件的研究

对直投式生物法泡菜快速生产工艺条件进行了研究。研究结果表明,采用直投式泡菜发酵专用菌粉生产泡菜与采用液体菌种生产泡菜发酵周期一致,发酵效果相同。添加糖类物质有利于提高发酵产酸速度;葡萄糖对发酵的影响最大,最适添加量为2.0%;泡菜专用复合菌粉的最佳投加量为0.02%,最适发酵温度为30℃,发酵周期为48 h。     

微波对植物乳杆菌的杀灭作用及其在莴苣泡菜中的应用

首先考察在600 W微波功率下照射0、30、60、90、120 s后,悬浮于100 m L生理盐水及100 g接种发酵莴苣泡菜中植物乳杆菌的存活情况,获得适合接种植物乳杆菌发酵莴苣泡菜的微波杀菌剂量。然后以巴氏杀菌为对照,对微波杀菌接种植物乳杆菌发酵莴苣泡菜的质构、色泽和感官评价等感官品质进行评价,以期获得应用价值较好的接种植物乳杆菌发酵莴苣泡菜的微波杀菌工艺。结果表明,应选择莴苣的中下部为取样部位,以消除其形态结构不均匀性导致的质构和色泽测定误差。100 m L生理盐水中植物乳杆菌(菌种密度为3.4×108CFU/m L)的微波杀菌剂量为600 W,90 s。100 g接种植物乳杆菌发酵莴苣泡菜的微波杀菌剂量为600 W,120 s。与巴氏杀菌泡菜相比,微波杀菌泡菜硬度及弹性增加,咀嚼性无显著差异(p0.05),L*下降,b*上升,感官评价无显著差异(p0.05)。由此可见,微波杀菌可作为莴苣泡菜的杀菌方式应用于生产。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the