离心压缩机叶轮的形状优化设计

提出一种新的优化方法离心叶轮的形状优化问题，即在遗传算法中加入自适应算子调节个体变异概率，来保证搜索的全局性和种群的多样性。并在寻优过程中加入生物生长来加快其寻优速度。最后，采用遗传算法和改进的遗传算法－生物生长法两种方法，对叶轮进行优化设计。计算结果表明改进的遗传算法－生物生长法，在较少的优化时间得到最优解。     

速闭闸的液压控制系统设计及其动态仿真

针对实际需求,设计了速闭闸液压控制系统;通过建立其工作过程数学模型,利用Simulink工具层次化建模方法建立了动力学仿真模型,并进行仿真;仿真结果表明设计正确。     

Multiparameter optimization for the nonlinear performance improvement of centrifugal pumps using a multilayer neural network

To increase efficiency at the design point of a centrifugal pump, this study adopted an artificial neural network in the construction of an accurate nonlinear function between the optimization objective and the design variables of impellers. Modified particle swarm optimization was further applied to refine the mathematical model globally. The database, which consisted of 200 sets of impellers, were generated from the Latin hypercube sampling method, and their corresponding efficiencies were obtained automatically from numerical simulation. Design variables were the distributions of blade angles, and results established that the difference between the numerical performance curve and the experimental results was acceptable. Optimization with a two-layer feedforward network improved the pump efficiency at the design point by 0.454 %. Flow complexity improved as the blade curvature increased. The application of the multilayer neural network could provide a meaningful reference to single- and multi-objective optimization of complex and nonlinear pump performance.

     

A five-axis rough machining approach for a centrifugal impeller

A clear trend shows that most products or mechanical components, especially those regarding aerospace applications, are designed to fit the requirements of free form surface features. When a 3-axis computer numerical controlled (CNC) machining centre is used to produce a typical centrifugal impeller, great difficulties, i.e., collisions between the cutting tool and impeller, need to be overcome. In this case, sophisticated five-axis machines have to be utilised. Presently, most commercial computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) systems for five-axis control are lacking generality, and functions for the rough tool-path generation are far less than required. The rough machining is recognised as the most important procedure influencing the machining efficiency and is critical for the success of the following finishing process. However, great difficulties are expected to arise in performing five-axis rough machining. The main objective of the present study is to overcome this problem by combining related machining technology. As a result, CL data based on the geometry model of blade and hub of the impeller are generated. Finally, the CL data is confirmed through software simulation. The results of verification prove the machining methodology and procedure to be successful.     

采用环形入口壳体的诱导轮汽蚀性能研究

针对某型号液体火箭发动机离心泵所发生汽蚀问题,在基于SIMPLEC算法上,采用雷诺时均Navier-Stokes方程(简称N-S方程)控制方程、Realizable k-ε湍流模型和mixture多相流模型,对泵环形入口壳体和诱导轮进行汽蚀性能研究。在数值流场计算研究中,分析各部件对诱导轮汽蚀性能的影响,发现诱导轮及环形入口壳体内流场的不对称性降低诱导轮的汽蚀性能。通过合适调整环形入口壳体面积比以及环形入口壳体出口与诱导轮之间的距离,使环形入口壳体出口流场收缩,在加速流中获得较均匀的速度场,改善了诱导轮入口流动参数,提高了诱导轮的汽蚀性能。所采用的改进方法对液体火箭发动机离心泵的研制和优化具有一定的指导意义。     

叶顶间隙对离心叶轮气动性能影响研究

使用非结构化网格上的有限体积法,数值研究一半开式离心压缩机叶轮的内部流场、气动性能随叶顶间隙的变化规律。对原始叶轮相对间隙α=1．8％,数值计算所得到的气动性能参数与实验值符合非常好;对大范围叶顶相对间隙α=0．9％。7．0％内6种不同叶顶间隙下该叶轮的气动性能进行数值预测,随着叶顶间隙增大,离心叶轮气动效率、压比及转矩均降低,但变化曲线与线性函数相距甚远,呈现出典型的双平台变化关系。对所研究模型,综合考虑气动及强度振动因素,叶顶相对间隙最佳值取为2．6％,计算结果对离心压缩机设计具有一定的工程指导意义。     

斜流压缩机叶轮气动设计方法及验证

基于离心叶轮的设计理论,提出了高压比、高效率的单级斜流式叶轮设计方法,并完成了斜流叶轮的一、二维的初步设计和三维详细设计过程。所设计的斜流叶轮经过三维粘性计算及性能分析,满足性能要求,表明斜流叶轮的气动设计方法具有可行性。     

Application of gamma-ray computed tomography for the analysis of gas holdup distributions in centrifugal pumps

In this work, gas–liquid distributions in an industrial centrifugal pump operated at various steady state conditions have been quantitatively determined. Therefore, high-resolution gamma-ray computed tomography (HireCT) has been applied, operated in time-averaging rotation-synchronized CT scanning mode. Detailed studies have been performed on a hydraulic test facility providing authentic operating conditions for industrial centrifugal pumps. The gas phase distribution in the centrifugal pump has been studied for swirling gas–liquid two-phase flow as an inlet flow regime and at defined inlet gas volumetric flow rates between 0% and 5%. In this way, the influence of the inlet flow boundary conditions on the performance of the centrifugal pump as well as the gas holdup distribution within the impeller region could be successfully determined.     

机载蒸汽压缩系统中离心叶轮的性能模拟及其研究

针对机载蒸汽压缩系统离心叶轮的性能进行了研究,并通过改变其主要参数得到不同的叶轮,对它们进行了数值模拟。结果表明:适当提高转速可以提高叶轮的压比,获得较高的等熵效率;利用大尺寸低转速离心压缩机理论的叶片数经验公式计算的叶片数不适合此类离心叶轮,实际叶片数目要比经验公式计算出来的小一些;叶片出口角度设计在60°以上时,叶轮具有较高的等熵效率;中间加载规律相比其它加载规律所生成的叶轮具有较大的压比和效率,喘振裕度大,喘振流量小,流场速度分布均匀,有很高的流通和做功能力,是理想的加载规律。研究的方法和结果对高转速机载蒸汽压缩机有一定的参考价值。     

Numerical prediction and performance experiment in a deep-well centrifugal pump with different impeller outlet width

The existing research of the deep-well centrifugal pump mainly focuses on reduce the manufacturing cost and improve the pump performance,and how to combine above two aspects together is the most difficult and important topic.In this study,the performances of the deep-well centrifugal pump with four different impeller outlet widths are studied by the numerical,theoretical and experimental methods in this paper.Two stages deep-well centrifugal pump equipped with different impellers are simulated employing the commercial CFD software to solve the Navier-Stokes equations for three-dimensional incompressible steady flow.The sensitivity analyses of the grid size and turbulence model have been performed to improve numerical accuracy.The flow field distributions are acquired and compared under the design operating conditions,including the static pressure,turbulence kinetic energy and velocity.The prototype is manufactured and tested to certify the numerical predicted performance.The numerical results of pump performance are higher than the test results,but their change trends have an acceptable agreement with each other.The performance results indicted that the oversize impeller outlet width leads to poor pump performances and increasing shaft power.Changing the performance of deep-well centrifugal pump by alter impeller outlet width is practicable and convenient,which is worth popularizing in the engineering application.The proposed research enhances the theoretical basis of pump design to improve the performance and reduce the manufacturing cost of deep-well centrifugal pump.     

用于轴流风机的轴流叶轮气动性能试验研究

参照GB/T 1236—2000《工业通风机用标准化风道进行性能试验》,对同一台轴流风机的5种轴流叶轮分别进行了气动性能试验,通过对比5种轴流风机的气动性能试验数据进行分析,研究了单级轴流叶轮的叶片角度和叶片数对其性能参数的影响,得出了全压、风量、效率随叶片角度和叶片数改变的变化规律,试验结果表明:在最高效率工况条件下,首先对比相同叶片角度,不同叶片数的第一组试验系列,得出叶片数Z=6时,风量最大,功率最小。然后在相同叶片数,不同叶片角度的第二组试验系列,得出Z=6,β=38°时,风量最大,全压最大,功率最大,全压效率居中,因此得出应用于新型轴流式灭火风机的轴流叶轮最佳叶片数和叶片角度的组合。     

Tip clearance effect on through-flow and performance of a centrifugal compressor

Numerical simulations have been performed to investigate tip clearance effect on through-flow and performance of a centrifugal compressor which has the same configuration of impeller with six different tip clearances. Secondary flow and loss distribution have been surveyed to understand the flow mechanism due to the tip clearance. Tip leakage flow strongly interacts with mainstream flow and considerably changes the secondary flow and the loss distribution inside the impeller passage. A method has been described to quantitatively estimate the tip clearance effect on the performance drop and the efficiency drop. The tip clearance has caused specific work reduction and additional entropy generation. The former, which is called inviscid loss, is independent of any internal loss and the latter, which is called viscous loss, is dependent on every loss in the flow passage. Two components equally affected the performance drop as the tip clearances were small, while the efficiency drop was influenced by the viscous component alone. The additional entropy generation was modeled with all the kinetic energy of the tip leakage flow. Therefore, the present paper can provide how to quantitatively estimate the tip clearance effect on the performance and efficiency.     

Development of a performance prediction method for centrifugal compressor channel diffusers

A hybrid performance prediction method is proposed in the present study. A channel diffuser is divided into four subregions: vaneless space, semi-vaneless space, channel, and channel exit region. One-dimensional compressible core flow and boundary layer calculation of each region with an incidence loss model and empirical correlation of residuary pressure recovery coefficient of a channel predict the performance of diffusers. Three channel diffusers are designed and tested for validating the developed prediction method. The pressure distributions from an impeller exit to the channel diffuser exit are measured and discussed for various operating conditions from choke to nearly surge conditions. The strong non-uniform pressure distribution which is caused by impeller-diffuser interaction is obtained over the vaneless and semi-vaneless spaces. The predicted performance shows good agreement with the measured performance of diffusers at a design condition as well as at off-design conditions.     

全可控涡分布对离心压缩机三元叶片性能影响研究

针对全可控涡三元叶轮设计方法中的全可控涡给定方法,给出2种不同的全可控涡分布给定方法,根据流线曲率法反命题编写三元叶片设计程序,并结合具体案例,分析比较不同全可控涡分布对离心压缩机三元叶片性能的影响。     

叶轮结构对离心风机流动特性及性能影响的研究现状

通过回顾近年来国内外对叶轮性能的研究现状,结合叶轮结构形式及参数对离心风机不同方面的影响,得出离心风机叶轮内的损失主要是叶道内沿程摩擦损失,叶片上边界层分离,叶轮径向出口速度分布不均匀引起的尾迹流,轴向涡流,叶道进口冲击损失等。并指出今后的研究应以试验研究与采用CFD相结合的方法,在风机设计时考虑上述影响因素,从而降低叶轮内损失,提高离心风机性能。     

整体叶轮数控加工研究

五轴数控机床加工是叶轮的一种高效率高精度生产制造方式。文章研究了整体叶轮五轴加工工艺参数设置方法,并以UGNX为数控编程软件工具,用PostBuilder创建五轴后处理程序;加工编程时采用了插补的刀轴控制方式,有效避免了干涉和过切;在VisualC＋＋开发环境下运用OpenGL开发了五轴G代码仿真软件,能够检验出通用G代码仿真软件难以发现的错误;在本实验室自主研发的五轴联动数控机床上成功加工出高精度的整体双扭叶轮。     

对后向离心风机锥前盘的新认识

鉴于传统观点认为离心叶轮弧前盘优于锥前盘的情况,文章对3台离心通风机分别采用锥前盘和弧前盘进行整机性能数值预估对比,结果表明,锥前盘风机可以达到弧前盘风机的高性能,对锥前盘有了新的认识。     

离心压缩机级半开式叶轮采用无叶和串列扩压器的性能分析

使用CFD软件对某高能头半开式离心压缩机的级,在分别采用无叶扩压器和串列扩压器时进行了流动模拟和性能分析,给出了两种情况下的流场分布和性能比较。结果表明,在高能头系数的级中采用串列扩压器可以有效地改善叶轮出口流场,减少流动损失,提高压力恢复系数和级效率。     

65Y60型离心油泵叶轮切割定律的试验研究

试验研究了65Y60型离心油泵在输送水和输送粘油时的叶轮切割定律，发现泵输送水时的切割定律与输送粘油时的有所不同。输送水时，叶轮切割后，泵的扬程、轴功率、效率都下降。但是输送粘油时，扬程、轴功率下降，而效率在切割量不大的情况下却有所提高。另外，切割量比较大时，各切割指数趋于某一定值。     

进口水压对高炉风口寿命影响的模拟分析

为了明确进口水压对高炉风口表面温度分布的影响,利用CFD的方法对高炉风口进行了温度场的模拟,采用Gambit建模、Tgrid划分网格和Fluent进行模拟计算。模拟结果表明:随着进口水压的提高,最高温度下降,风口前端的高温区域减少,风口发生熔损的几率降低。当进口水压无限增大时,风口的最高温度理论上只能下降到442.9K。