稠油石油酸盐及其对稠油乳化降粘应用研究

以辽河稠油为原料,采用脱酸剂法,对稠油中的石油酸进行抽提,然后分离出石油酸盐回注到稠油中,进行乳化降粘。考察了复合萃取剂用量、抽提相分离温度、相分离时间、脱酸剂油比、碱酸摩尔比及萃取次数等因素对抽提酸效果的影响。确定了抽提酸的最佳工艺条件:复合萃取剂用量60%,碱酸摩尔比1.0,剂油比2.0,80℃保温分相2 h,在该条件下,分三级萃取,环烷酸抽提效率达到92.20%,脱酸剂收率可达96.18%;并测试了石油酸盐对稠油的乳化降粘性能,结果表明,稠油石油酸盐与其它表面活性剂进行简单复配,对辽河稠油和渤海稠油等环烷基或中间基稠油有明显的乳化降粘效果,降粘率分别达到90%和80%以上,具有较好的适用性。     

溶剂抽提法分离印尼油砂的实验研究

利用溶剂抽提法对印尼油砂进行萃取分离实验,综合考察了剂砂比、抽提温度、抽提时间、抽提次数等操作条件对油砂沥青提取的影响,确定较佳的油砂分离条件。结果表明,印尼油砂更适合采用溶剂抽提法分离,从油砂沥青提取率、操作成本和环保多角度考虑,在超声波的作用下,剂砂比为2．5,抽提温度40℃,抽提时间30min,抽提3次的条件下,油砂沥青的提取率较高,达到20．31％。     

减二线油制备环保型橡胶填充油的实验研究

以滨化减二线油为原料,采用二次溶剂抽提工艺和催化加氢-溶剂抽提联合工艺制备环保型橡胶填充油。结果表明,二次溶剂抽提工艺在抽提温度50℃,剂油比1.5∶1时,可得到PCA为2.84%,C A值为10.76%,收率61.83%的环保型橡胶填充油。催化加氢-溶剂抽提联合工艺在催化加氢反应温度320℃,氢初压7 MPa,加氢时间2 h,抽提温度70℃,剂油比1.5∶1条件下,可得到抽余油PCA为2.03%,C A值为15.21%,收率75.20%的环保型橡胶填充油。催化加氢-溶剂抽提联合工艺的产品性质更优,收率更高。     

间壁塔萃取精馏制取植物油抽提溶剂的研究

针对植物油抽提溶剂萃取精馏系统存在的萃取剂结焦问题展开研究,分析了萃取剂结焦的原因,提出了间壁塔萃取精馏制取植物油抽提溶剂的思路,并应用工艺模拟软件对比了间壁塔萃取精馏工艺和常规精馏工艺。模拟结果表明,间壁塔主塔合适的理论塔板数为30,侧线塔塔板数为10,剂油比为1.1(体积比),侧线采出位置为第27块板。与常规两塔精馏相比,再沸器热负荷降低约10%,冷凝器热负荷降低15%,且设备投资也有所减少。     

煤的溶剂抽提与抽提物性质的研究

主要介绍了煤的熔剂抽提过程中抽提溶剂的选择（相似相容）和煤种、溶剂、煤的岩相组成、抽提条件等影响抽提率的因素，以及使用柱色谱、薄层色谱和固相萃取等方法对样品进行前处理，并通过质谱、凝胶渗透色谱和液相色谱－质谱联用仪等现代仪器分析手段测定抽提物的组成、结构等的研究方法，揭示了煤中部分有机质的分子结构和分子量分布等性质，综述了近年来煤的溶剂抽提及抽提物表征方面的研究进展。     

溶剂抽提法处理炼厂污泥实验

主要以石油醚(30—60℃)为溶剂,对炼厂污泥进行抽提处理,考查了在不同泥剂质量比下的抽出率及抽出油的馏程,并利用萃取理论进行抽出效率抽出率理论推算。实验结果表明:当泥剂质量比为 1∶8时,污泥中的油抽出率为 99. 73%,此结果与理论推算规律基本一致。此油可以作为原油回炼,抽提溶剂可以回收,重复使用。     

植物油抽提溶剂油萃取工艺参数的优化

分析植物油抽提溶剂油萃取生产中系统结焦的原因，在现有的工艺和设备条件下对运行参数进行优化调整，延缓了装置运行的结焦速率，提高了装置的加工能力。     

不同有机溶剂对新疆油砂沥青的组成性质影响

油砂作为一种非常规石油资源,越来越受到人们的重视。油砂沥青的含量和性质对其开发有着重要的影响。有机溶剂抽提可以测定油砂沥青的含量。本文研究了3种溶剂对新疆油砂的抽提能力,并对不同溶剂抽提得到的新疆油砂沥青进行了性质分析。结果表明,新疆油砂含油率（甲苯测）为11.75%,属于中品位油砂矿;甲苯、氯仿和石油醚3种不同溶剂对新疆油砂沥青进行抽提,发现3种溶剂抽提能力的大小关系为氯仿＞甲苯＞石油醚;抽提过程中,氯仿表现出对胶质和沥青质较强的萃取能力,而石油醚对沥青质的萃取能力几乎为0,采用氯仿可以更准确地测定油砂沥青的含量。氯仿抽提得到新疆油砂沥青及其组分的杂原子含量和分子量高于甲苯和石油醚抽提的。由红外谱图发现,氯仿抽提得到的油砂沥青的含氧、含硫官能团的吸收峰强度大于甲苯和石油醚抽提的,表明氯仿对油砂沥青中极性物质的抽提能力更强。     

煤的溶剂抽提规律及其产物性能的研究进展

阐述了温和条件下煤的溶剂抽提机理，煤分子间作用力，溶剂种类对抽提率的影响。抽出物的洁净性能，抽余物的吸附性能，抽提产物表面的物化以及表面活性剂对煤的亲水/疏水性，ζ电位和氮气吸附性能的影响。结果表明，对于高阶煤，加入中性活性剂TericG12A8可以有效降低其ζ电位，增大其氮气吸附量和疏水性。     

微波/超声波抽提褐煤黄腐酸类物质的比较研究

采用正交试验分别对微波和超声波方法抽提褐煤黄腐酸类物质的工艺进行了研究和对比。结果显示,微波抽提较优的条件为压力0.6MPa、抽提温度150℃、固液比1：10（g/mL）、抽提时间8min;超声提取较优的条件为超声频率50KHz、加热温度60℃、固液比（g/mL）1：20、超声时间30min。并采用元素分析及官能团测定...     

萃取法处理苯胺废水的实验研究

研究了以甲苯做萃取剂萃取硫化橡胶促进剂生产废水中苯胺类物质的方法 ,确定了萃取级数、萃取剂配比和萃取时间等工艺参数。经过萃取 ,废水中的苯胺类物质与化学需氧量的去除率分别达 95 %和 88%以上 ,提高了废水的可生化性     

Experimental Investigation and Simulation of a Gas‐agitated Sieve Plate Column

The extraction of hydrogen peroxide by means of deionized water from anthraquinone working solution via anthraquinone process was carried out in a gas‐agitated sieve plate extraction column. The effects of the superficial velocity of air, dispersed phase and continuous phase on the overall plate extraction efficiency have been investigated. The corrections for the prediction of the overall plate extraction efficiency were presented. The correction proposed to predict the overall plate extraction efficiency in the air, water, anthraquinone working solution three‐phase system agreed satisfactory with experimental data with a maximum absolute deviation of 5.6 %. A new design method for gas‐liquid‐liquid three‐phase extractors is developed based on the multistage countercurrent extraction model. The calculated data by the model agreed well with experimental data and the average relative deviation was less than 10 %. Moreover, the model was used to predict a gas‐agitated sieve plate extraction column for industrial production of hydrogen peroxide. The results show that the plate numbers of gas‐agitated sieve plate extraction column are 30–40 % less than that of liquid‐liquid sieve plate column.     

Water-based extraction of pectin from flavedo and albedo of orange peels

The extraction of pectin from orange peels has been studied at different sample to solvent ratios, different pHs and with different extraction techniques using water. The highest pectin and total nitrogen was produced by a sample to solvent ratio of 1:12.5. The amount of pectin extracted reduces as the pH increased, while the extractability of crude protein is not affected so significantly. Previous workers have found similar results. Considerably more pectin was obtained by the Soxhlet method than by microwave extraction by a factor of two, with a longer extraction duration than the microwave extraction by a factor of 240, so microwave extraction showed a much higher extraction rate (per unit time) by a factor of 120. Pectin existed mainly in the albedo, but the flavedo still contained 27% of the amount of pectin in the total extract. The total pectin yield from the dried peel was 2.2%. The combination of hand-pressure and microwave on pectin yield from flavedo was 12% better than hand-pressure alone, which was also better than microwave extraction alone.     

Design and Synthesis of Cross-Linked Micellar Particles to Assist Microalgae Lipid Recovery from Aqueous Extract

A series of cross‐linked micellar particles (CLMP) with internal hydrophobic binding sites was synthesized via a double‐cross‐link concept. A quaternary ammonium surfactant was first synthesized from natural tung oil. With two acrylate groups in the head group and conjugated alkenes in the hydrophobic tail, the surfactant was doubly cross‐linked in the micellar form on both the micellar surface and in the core. Surface cross‐linking at ambient temperature and core cross‐linking at 80 °C yielded 61 % final product (with 40 % space holder). The product and its morphology were characterized by infrared (IR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The chemical nature and functional groups were confirmed by IR, and SEM indicated heterogeneous nanoparticles aggregated into clusters of particles. The binding capacity and selectivity of CLMP for microalgae lipids extracted from Nannochloropsis sp. were investigated and quantified using a turbidity test and mass spectrometry. The best CLMP product was able to extract total algae lipids at 0.8 g lipids/g particles capacity. At a lipid loading above the binding capacity, the CLMP selectively bound non‐charged polar lipids instead of the negatively charged polar lipids. These micellar particles have been demonstrated to be promising materials for extracting lipids from aqueous lipid extract. This paper presents a proof of concept study, and more in‐depth investigation is needed to test lipid extraction from various media and potentials for lipid class separation using these structured particles.     

Extracting long-chain fatty acids from a fermentation medium

Several solvents were evaluated for extracting free long-chain FA (LCFA) from a fermentation medium. Chloroform, chloroform/methanol (1∶1), hexane, and hexane/methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) (1∶1) were evaluated as alternative extraction solvents. Parameters considered for optimizing LCFA recoveries included pH and ionic strength. Maximal LCFA recoveries were obtained by adding 2 mL of the hexane/MTBE (1∶1) solvent mixture, 80 μL of 50% H₂SO₄, and 0.05 g NaCl to 1 mL of the aqueous sample and mixing for 15 min at 200 rpm. This method quantified saturated LCFA [capric acid (C_10∶0) to stearic acid (C_18∶0)] and unsaturated LCFA with 18 carbons [linoleic acid (C_18∶2) and oleic acid (C_18∶1)] with a 98 to 100% recovery. Caproic (C_6∶0) and caprylic (C_8∶0) acids were characterized by 27 and 76% recoveries, respectively.     

波叶山蚂蝗总黄酮提取工艺研究

研究了波叶山蚂蝗(Desmodium sequax Wall)总黄酮的最佳提取工艺。利用单因素实验研究了乙醇回流、超声波两种提取法对波叶山蚂蝗中总黄酮提取率的影响,用紫外分光光度法进行含量测定。结果表明:乙醇回流提取提取法的最佳工艺条件为:提取温度70℃,料液比1∶50 g/mL,乙醇浓度60%,提取时间2.0 h,提取率为2.209%;超声波提取法的最佳工艺条件为:1∶20 g/mL的料液比,70%的乙醇浓度,提取时间40 min,提取率为1.256%。结论乙醇回流提取法的效果较为优越,其提取率远远大于超声波提取法。     

含醚化酚废水处理的研究

采用自行研制的萃取剂-PN处理醚化含酚废水,处理后的废水可以达到国家三级排放标准.废水萃取率大于99.5％,反萃取率大于99.3％,萃取剂可以循环套用,反萃取后的碱液回收利用酚降低生产成本.     

Surfactant Micellar Solutions as Alternative Solvents for Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons from a Spiked River Sediment

A procedure to extract polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from a contaminated river sediment is discussed; this combines short extraction times obtained by microwave energy with the peculiar solvent capability of aqueous micellar solutions. The technique, named microwave-assisted micellar extraction (MAME), was tested for the extraction of 11 PAHs from a spiked river sediment using polyoxyethylene (23) dodecyl ether (Brij 35), polyoxyethylene (10) dodecyl ether (C 12 E 10 ) or cetyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). Different temperatures and extraction times were explored to establish whether this method has merit. Comparative measurements were made using sonication and Soxhlet extraction with acetone-hexane. Generally, Soxhlet extraction was revealed to be the most effective method to extract the PAHs from the solid matrix, with percent of recovery ranging from 92% to 102%. Nevertheless, high recoveries were also achieved by MAME using C 12 E 10 ; in fact, with only the exception of indeno[1,2,3- cd ]pyrene, the differences between recoveries obtained by MAME and Soxhlet extractions were below 10% for all the considered compounds.     

A Process for the Aqueous Enzymatic Extraction of Corn Oil from Dry Milled Corn Germ and Enzymatic Wet Milled Corn Germ (E-Germ)

A bench-scale aqueous enzymatic method was developed to extract corn oil from corn germ from either a commercial corn dry mill or corn germ from a newly-developed experimental enzymatic wet milling process (E-Germ). With both types of germs, no oil was extracted when acidic cellulase was the only enzyme used. Pre-treating dry milled corn germ by heating it in boiling water or microwave pretreatment, followed by enzymatic extraction with the acidic cellulase resulted in oil yields of about 43% and 57%, respectively. A two-step process, combining both acidic cellulase and alkaline protease treatments, with no heat pretreatment, achieved oil yields of 50–65% from dry milled corn germ and 80–90% from E-Germ. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture.     

超临界CO_2流体萃取大豆油的研究与数值模拟

本文建立了一套超临界流体萃取的实验装置 ,在压力为 2 0MPa～ 30MPa ,温度为30 8K～ 32 3K的条件下 ,研究了用超临界二氧化碳萃取大豆油。试验证明用超临界流萃取的方法可以较为完全地得到大豆中的油分。基于固定床、积分柱塞流与微分混合流的假设建立了理论计算模型 ,使用这个模型可以根据装料量少耗时短的微分萃取试验结果来较为准确地计算出相同条件下积分萃取的过程。经本试验结果比较证明该方法简便可行 ,在本文条件下误差小于 6 % ,是对超临界流体萃取放大研究的一种探索