软件危机及其应对措施探讨

软件危机几乎一直伴随着软件开发的整个历史,对于大型软件项目,它造成的危害更大。正是在此背景下,软件工程和面向对象技术得以产生和发展。作为面向对象的基础,设计模式为可复用面向对象软件开发指明了一条道路。敏捷软件开发和极限编程则作为面向对象的进一步发展而出现,成为近年来软件开发方法学研究的热点。     

设计模式思想在构建软件框架过程中应用的探讨

许多文章在谈及设计模式和框架的关系时，多讨论它们之间的区别。而文中在介绍它们的区别之外，更多地是从设计模式提炼出的四个思想这个角度，以框架的含义为基础，来论述它们在软件设计上的联系，并针对这四个思想，逐一探讨了在软件项目开发过程中如何应用来构建软件框架。虽然这四个思想不是构件框架的全部思想，但无疑它们也是构件框架思想中不可或缺的。很好地应用这四个思想，将会提高框架的设计水平，增强框架的重用性。     

极限编程(XP)方法及其应用

作为一种重要的敏捷软件开发方法,极限编程提供了一个周密严谨的软件开发流程。该文给出了XP软件开发方法的由来及主要特征,并通过软件项目实例指出XP是解决科研软件开发中诸多问题的很好的方法。     

关于极限编程理论的研究

极限编程(XP)是敏捷软件开发方法的代表。它在提高软件质量、确保开发进度等方面取得了显著的效果，为促进沟通、激发程序员在开发中的潜力提供了有力的手段。本文在学习和研究XP理论的基础上，分析了XP的各项核心的应用，提出几点建议。     

基于敏捷软件过程的债权管理系统开发

敏捷方法是一种面临迅速变化的需求快速开发软件的新开发方法,这种方法以快捷、轻便的思维方式,迅速解决了一些传统软件开发企业的生产效率问题,得到了迅速的推广。介绍了敏捷软件过程与极限编程的主要内容,并以一个债权管理系统的开发为例,展示了其实际应用过程。     

极限编程(XP)在工程质量监管系统中的应用

"极限编程"(eXtreme Programming,简称XP)是目前最流行的敏捷软件开发方法(Agile Software Development,ASD).通过XP在实际项目中的应用"实践",本文将对XP的理论和实践方法进行探讨,并衡量XP方法在项目中的应用效果,给出实际应用XP方法的一些建议.     

级限编程（XP）在工程质量监管系统中的应用

“极限编程”（extreme Programming．简称XP）是目前最流行的敏捷软件开发方法（Agile Software Development，ASD）。通过XP在实际项目中的应用“实践”，本文将对XP的理论和实践方法进行探讨．并衡量XP方法在项目中的应用效果，给出实际应用XP方法的一些建议。     

极限编程在软件项目开发中的应用分析

极限编程在软件项目开发中的应用已经十分普遍,并随着信息技术的不断发展而深入到了社会的各个行业之 中。如何通过极限编程来提高软件的开发效率,使软件更加贴合用户需求,是当前值得研发人员思考的问题。本文主要分析 了极限编程的概念和原则,并对软件开发中极限编程的过程和实践进行探讨,以期为软件开发行业的壮大提供一些有益的经 验。     

敏捷软件过程的研究与实践

结合XP、FDD等敏捷软件开发方法,提出了适用于中小型软件企业的敏捷软件开发方法——FXP,并成功地进行了实践。FXP以XP为框架,通过对重量级软件过程方法和敏捷软件过程实践的融合,既强调重量级软件过程方法整体协作的一致性,又结合了敏捷软件过程轻量级方法高效交流与分享的优点,通过把项目管理维度、软件工程维度、质量保证维度3个维度有效地融合在一个整体协作环境,解决了传统软件过程进度跟踪、需求跟踪、质量跟踪3个层面的断层。     

基于Agile方法的软件架构设计与实现

介绍了一种新兴的Agile软件开发方法及其特点,提出了基于Agile的软件架构设计思路和开发方法。在此基础上,结合事例实现了基于Agile方法的软件架构设计与开发,指出了在Agile方法的发展过程中需要解决的一些问题。     

Understanding agile software development practices using shared mental models theory

ContextAgile software development is an alternative software development methodology that originated from practice to encourage collaboration between developers and users, to leverage rapid development cycles, and to respond to changes in a dynamic environment. Although agile practices are widely used in organizations, academics call for more theoretical research to understand the value of agile software development methodologies.ObjectiveThis study uses shared mental models theory as a lens to examine practices from agile software methodologies to understand how agile practices enable software development teams to work together to complete tasks and work together effectively as a team.MethodA conceptual analysis of specific agile practices was conducted using the lens of shared mental models theory. Three agile practices from Xtreme Programming and Scrum are examined in detail, system metaphor, stand-up meeting, and on-site customer, using shared mental models theory.ResultsExamining agile practices using shared mental models theory elucidates how agile practices improve collaboration during the software development process. The results explain how agile practices contribute toward a shared understanding and enhanced collaboration within the software development team.ConclusionsThis conceptual analysis demonstrates the value of agile practices in developing shared mental models (i.e. shared understanding) among developers and customers in software development teams. Some agile practices are useful in developing a shared understanding about the tasks to be completed, while other agile practices create shared mental models about team processes and team interactions. To elicit the desired outcomes of agile software development methods, software development teams should consider whether or not agile practices are used in a manner that enhances the team’s shared understanding. Using three specific agile practices as examples, this research demonstrates how theory, such as shared mental models theory, can enhance our understanding regarding how agile practices are useful in enhancing collaboration in the workplace.     

基于C/S的软件体系结构研究

面向对象的技术为人们带来了无限希望和与软件危机做斗争的工具。该文介绍了以面向对象的技术为基础,以软件体系结构为核心的软件开发过程,描述了如何从软件体系结构的观点去考虑C/S系统,以达到最大限度的设计复用。     

Agile methods rapidly replacing traditional methods at Nokia: A survey of opinions on agile transformation

Context

Many organizations have started to deploy agile methods, but so far there exist only a few studies on organization-wide transformations. Are agile methods here to stay? Some claim that agile software development methods are in the mainstream adoption phase in the software industry, while others hope that those are a passing fad. The assumption here is that if agile would not provide real improvement, adopters would be eager at first but turn pessimistic after putting it into practice.

Objective

Despite the growing amount of anecdotal evidence on the success of agile methods across a wide range of different real-life development settings, scientific studies remain scarce. Even less is known about the perception of the impacts of agile transformation when it is deployed in a very large software development environment, and whether agile methods are here to stay. This study aims to fill that gap by providing evidence from a large-scale agile transformation within Nokia. While we have yet to confirm these findings with solid quantitative data, we believe that the perception of the impacts already pinpoints the direction of the impacts of large-scale agile transformation.

Method

The data were collected using a questionnaire. The population of the study contains more than 1000 respondents in seven different countries in Europe, North America, and Asia.

Results

The results reveal that most respondents agree on all accounts with the generally claimed benefits of agile methods. These benefits include higher satisfaction, a feeling of effectiveness, increased quality and transparency, increased autonomy and happiness, and earlier detection of defects. Finally, 60% of respondents would not like to return to the old way of working.

Conclusion

While the perception of the impact of agile methods is predominantly positive, several challenge areas were discovered. However, based on this study, agile methods are here to stay.     

设计模式在可复用GIS软件开发中的应用

介绍了设计模式在可复用GIS软件开发中的重要性,以模板方法、策略和备忘录模式为例,论述了设计模式在可复用GIS软件开发中的实现过程,并说明设计模式的运用还值得进一步研究。     

设计模式在客户端无线模拟器中的应用

介绍了软件设计模式的基本概念,着重讲述了应用在客户端无线模拟器中的几种设计模式,开发过程可以表明将设计模式的思想应用到软件的设计开发中,可以提高程序的性能,使软件具有良好结构的同时增加可重用性、可扩展性及可维护性.     

A quantitative approach for evaluating the quality of design patterns

In recent years, the influence of design patterns on software quality has attracted an increasing attention in the area of software engineering, as design patterns encapsulate valuable knowledge to resolve design problems, and more importantly to improve design quality. As the paradigm continues to increase in popularity, a systematic and objective approach to verify the design of a pattern is increasingly important. The intent session in a design pattern indicates the problem the design pattern wants to resolve, and the solution session describes the structural model for the problem. When the problem in the intent is a quality problem, the structure model should provide a solution to improve the relevant quality. In this work we provide an approach, based on object-oriented quality model, to validate if a design pattern is well-designed, i.e., it answers the question of the proposed structural model really resolves the quality problems described in the intent. We propose a validation approach to help pattern developers check if a design pattern is well-designed. In addition, a quantitative method is proposed to measure the effectiveness of the quality improvement of a design pattern that pattern users can determine which design patterns are applicable to meet their functional and quality requirements.     

ESFM: An Essential Software Framework for Meshfree Methods

This paper describes an Essential Software Framework for Meshfree Methods (ESFM). Through thorough analyses of many existing meshfree methods, their common elements and procedures are identified, and a general procedure is formulated into ESFM that can facilitate their implementations and accelerate new developments in meshfree methods. ESFM also modulates performance-critical components such as neighbor-point searching, sparse-matrix storage, and sparse-matrix solver enabling developed meshfree analysis programs to achieve high-performance. ESFM currently consists of 21 groups of classes and 94 subclasses, and more algorithms can be easily incorporated into ESFM. Finally, ESFM provides a common ground to compare various meshfree methods, enabling detailed analyses of performance characteristics.     

面向对象和模式在嵌入式软件中的应用

由于嵌入式系统的特殊性，长期以来嵌入式软件设计和开发使用的是过程化技术，使用面向对象和模式进行嵌入式软件设计，是一种全新的设计理念。该文描述了面向对象和模式的实现机制，分析了面向对象和模式在嵌入式软件设计和开发中的应用，提出了一个基于面向对象和模式设计的面向通信领域的嵌入式软件平台模型，并给出了基于该平台的上层应用开发模式。