油茶压榨饼粕残油浸提工艺优化

以油茶籽压榨后的饼粕为原料,采用有机溶剂法对其残留茶油进行浸提,并对浸提工艺进行研究。通过单因素试验重点探讨溶剂、料液比、浸提温度、浸提时间等因素对油茶饼粕残油提取率的影响,并采用正交试验确定最佳浸提工艺条件。结果表明,油茶饼粕采用石油醚作为浸提溶剂,在提取温度60℃、料液比1∶8(m∶V)、提取时间7h的浸提条件下,油茶压榨饼粕残油提取率可达8.72%。     

紫苏饼粕的残油醇提工艺及品质分析

为提取紫苏饼粕残油,减少有毒有机溶剂残留和污染,同时获得低脂、高蛋白紫苏饼粕,采用95%乙醇浸提法提取紫苏饼粕残油。在单因素试验的基础上,选出最优浸提温度、浸提次数、液固比、浸提时间。通过正交试验优化获得的工艺条件为:浸提温度75℃、浸提次数5次、液固比3.50:1、时间3 h。在该工艺下对紫苏饼粕残油的提取率可达96.04%,紫苏饼粕含油率降至0.51%,蛋白富集率提升至57.90%。对紫苏籽压榨油、紫苏饼粕乙醇浸提油及石油醚浸提油进行理化性质比较,结果表明三种油在酸值、过氧化值、碘值、皂化值方面均符合国家标准,其中石油醚浸提油的酸值和过氧化值较大分别为3.65 KOH/(mg/g)和5.96 mmol/kg,乙醇浸提油次之,低温压榨油较小为3.30 KOH/(mg/g)和5.22 mmol/kg。碘值无显著差异,而浸提油的皂化值要大于低温压榨油。通过气相色谱(GC)分析,乙醇浸提油的亚麻酸相对含量及不饱和脂肪酸占总脂肪酸比例分别为59.60%和89.31%,略低于低温压榨油的61.09%和90.33%,高于石油醚浸提油的57.29%和86.10%。综合来看乙醇浸提油品质高于石油醚浸提油,略低于低温压榨油。     

碱提紫苏饼粕多糖的工艺优化

采用碱液提取紫苏饼粕中多糖,从浸提液浓度、提取温度、提取时间、液固比4个方面对得率进行了考察。通过正交实验,得出紫苏饼粕多糖氢氧化钠提取的最佳条件:浸提液浓度为5mol/L,提取温度为80℃,液固比为20∶1(mL/g),提取时间为3 h,在此条件下多糖得率为5.57%。     

响应面优化紫苏饼粕蛋白提取工艺

以脱脂紫苏饼粕为原料,采取碱溶酸沉法提取紫苏饼粕蛋白.在单因素试验基础上,选取碱提pH、碱提温度、碱提时间3个考察因素,以紫苏饼粕蛋白提取率作为评价指标,采用响应面优化结合Box-Behnken设计试验获得最佳提取工艺条件.结果 表明,紫苏饼粕蛋白提取的最佳工艺参数为:饼粕颗粒大小＜0.25 mm,料液比1∶25(g/...     

响应面法优化超声波辅助亚麻木酚素提取工艺及抗氧化性研究

以亚麻籽为原料,对超声波辅助提取亚麻木酚素进行了研究。通过单因素试验,分别考察原料颗粒度、超声功率、液固比、超声温度和超声时间对亚麻木酚素得率的影响。并在单因素试验基础上,采用Box-Behnken中心组合设计和响应面法对超声波提取亚麻木酚素工艺进行优化,建立了二次多项式回归方程的预测模型。研究结果表明,超声波辅助提取亚麻木酚素的最佳工艺条件为:原料颗粒度60目,提取溶剂60%乙醇,超声功率400 W,液固比17:1,超声温度40℃,超声时间15 min,亚麻木酚素得率为7.18 mg/g。抗氧化活性研究表明,亚麻木酚素对DPPH、过氧化氢和超氧阴离子均有良好的清除能力,IC_(50)值分别为145 mg/L、75 mg/L和0.25 mg/L。     

Plackett-Burman设计优化微波提取压榨紫苏饼蛋白工艺

以120℃压榨紫苏饼粕为原料,采用微波法提取其中的蛋白,通过单因素试验、Pl ackett-Burman试验设计、最陡爬坡试验结合Box-Behnken设计考察微波功率、微波处理时间和料液比、碱提温度、碱提时间、碱提p H6个因素对紫苏饼粕蛋白提取率的影响。结果表明,优化的提取工艺条件为微波时间120 s、料液比1∶24(g/m L)、碱提温度45℃、碱提p H 10,此条件下紫苏饼粕蛋白提取率为27.001%。     

紫苏饼粕浓缩蛋白的制备及理化性质研究

以紫苏饼粕为原料,对其蛋白质的浓缩提取工艺以及理化性质和溶解性进行了研究.结果表明紫苏饼粕蛋白质制备的最佳优化工艺条件为料液比1:10、pH值9、温度50 ℃、时间60 min,此时紫苏浓缩蛋白质的得率为23.46%,蛋白质质量分数为83.67%.紫苏浓缩蛋白的氨基酸组成比较全面,必需氨基酸含量丰富.SDS-PAGE电泳分析发现该浓缩蛋白质分子质量集中分布在19.1～22.4 ku、32.9～36.2 ku和54.9ku区带.紫苏浓缩蛋白的氮溶解指数(NSI)随着pH值的升高而先降后升,在等电点时达到最小值5.3%.     

油茶饼粕茶皂素与多糖综合提取工艺

以油茶脱脂饼粕为原料,对其茶皂素和多糖的综合提取工艺进行研究。采用有机溶剂浸提法先提取茶皂素,再提取多糖,并分别采用单因素试验和正交试验探讨其最佳工艺条件。结果表明,提取油茶饼粕皂素的最佳工艺条件为乙醇浓度80%、料液比1:9(g/mL)、提取时间4 h、提取温度90℃,在此条件下茶皂素提取率为8.98%;提取油茶饼粕多糖的最佳工艺条件为提取温度70℃、料液比1:30(g/mL)、提取时间4 h,在此条件下多糖提取率为5.88%。     

杜仲籽油亚临界萃取工艺优化及脂肪酸组成分析

以杜仲籽为原料,4号溶剂为提取剂,采用单因素试验和正交试验对杜仲籽油的亚临界萃取工艺进行优化。重点探讨料液比、萃取温度、萃取时间、萃取压力、萃取次数对杜仲籽粕残油率的影响,并采用GC分析杜仲籽油的脂肪酸组成。结果表明:杜仲籽油的最佳亚临界萃取工艺条件为料液比1∶5、萃取温度35℃、萃取时间1.0 h、萃取压力0.5 MPa、萃取次数3次,该条件下杜仲籽粕残油率为0.85%;杜仲籽油的主要脂肪酸为亚麻酸、亚油酸、油酸、棕榈酸和硬脂酸,其不饱和脂肪酸含量在90%以上。     

紫苏粕中粗多糖提取工艺的研究

以热水为溶剂对影响紫苏粕中多糖的提取因素进行试验分析,在单因素试验的基础上,通过正交试验得到最佳提取工艺条件：在90℃条件下,提取固液比为1：25,提取时间为3h,提取次数为3次,紫苏多糖的提取率可到14．0012％。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the