新型Nile blue材料对多种客体上潜在手印显现研究

尼罗蓝类化合物是灵敏度高、生物毒性较低的吩恶嗪类荧光试剂。从尼罗蓝A(Nile blue A)的光学性能入手,考察了Nile blue A显现潜在手印时的最佳适用条件及在不同客体上的显现效果。通过连续捺印显现实验进一步探究了该方法的灵敏度和对陈旧性手印的显现能力。实验结果证实,该方法在潜在手印显现时具有较高的显现灵敏度和广泛的客体适用性,在Nile blue A质量浓度为0.03mg/mL时达到最佳,其显现手印具有显色和荧光双重效果,能够适用于大多数渗透性与非渗透性客体表面潜在手印显现,甚至对于潮湿及复杂背景客体仍具有良好的效果,为犯罪现场潜在手印的显现提供了更有效的方法。     

真空镀膜法与传统汗潜手印显现方法联合应用研究

真空镀膜法是一种适用范围广,显现效果好的手印显现新方法,为进一步将该技术方法与传统方法有机结合,提高现场手印显出率,研究该方法与传统方法的联合应用及相互补足效果.方法:通过实验研究将真空镀膜法与传统方法联合应用对常见的渗透性客体、非渗透性客体及半渗透性客体表面汗潜手印进行显现,并比较显现效果.结果:真空镀膜法与粉末法、...     

磁性荧光手印显现粉末的制备及其应用

为弥补传统单一粉末的不足,研制一种安全无毒的磁性荧光双功能手印显现粉末,并对常见客体上的手印的显现进行研究。首先用荧光光谱仪对物质进行光谱表征,然后梯度实验研究,将荧光粉与还原铁粉经研磨后均匀混合,设置比例梯度,以探究荧光粉末与还原铁粉的最佳混合比例;分别显现多种渗透性和半渗透性客体上的潜手印,在蓝色激光灯下激发进行观察和拍照。结果表明荧光粉末与还原铁粉以1∶8质量比混合时显现潜手印效果最佳,荧光效率高,磁性荧光粉对汗潜手印有很强的亲和力,稳定性比较好,可长时间保存使用,对人体安全无毒,纹线鲜艳明亮,与背景有很强的反差,在公安实践部门有较好的应用前景。     

纳米荧光粉Zn_2SiO_4:Mn~(2+),Er(3+)显现潜在手印研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了Zn2SiO4:Mn2+,Er3+(ZSME),通过超声波处理得到粒度均匀、分散性较好的纳米粉体。将荧光粉与铁粉混合,采用磁性刷刷显不同客体上的潜在手印,采集了手印荧光光图像,与有机纳米荧光粉进行了手印显现、成像对比研究。实验结果表明:ZSME纳米荧光粉适用于非渗透性和半渗透性客体上的手印显现,其发光亮度高,可以显现出手印的第三级特征(汗孔),有效降低背景干扰,适用于背景图案复杂客体上的手印显现与成像。     

真空金属镀膜技术在潜在手印显现中的应用研究

真空金属镀膜(VMD)法是显现非渗透及半渗透性客体上潜在手印的一种非常有效的方法。虽然不作为常规处理方法使用,但与其他显现方法相比,VMD法最大的优势在于对常规方法无法处理的疑难检材上的潜在手印具有超强的灵敏度及良好的显现效果,在一些重大的疑难案件中发挥了重要作用。本文综述了国内外利用真空金属镀膜法显现潜在手印的研究进展,并对其在手印显现过程中的作用机理、主要影响因素等进行归纳总结,提出真空金属镀膜法用于手印显现时需要注意的事项以及未来的研究方向。     

SrAl2O4:Eu2+,Dy3+时间分辨手印成像研究

研究了以铝酸锶为基质,Eu2+和Dy3+共掺杂的长余辉粉体(SED)光学性质,将长余辉粉体与铁粉混合,用于刷显不同客体上的潜在手印,采集了手印发光图像,与普通荧光粉进行了手印显现、成像对比研究。实验结果表明,长余辉粉体适用于非渗透性和半渗透性客体上的手印显现,其超长余辉性质,可以消除(降低)背景干扰,有助于实现背景图案复杂客体上的手印时间分辨成像。     

胶带粘面潜手印显现研究

胶带这种材料在当今犯罪案件中使用比例很高,在抢劫、绑架等暴力刑事犯罪案件现场中,往往可以提取到粘面遗留有案犯新鲜或陈旧手印的胶带。本文立足于探索研究新的不同种类湿粉对不同种类胶带粘面汗潜手印、不同物质手印等进行显现研究。通过实验显现效果的比较,得出显现胶带粘面汗潜手印较好的棕色湿粉、黄色湿粉、绿色湿粉和红色湿粉,对手印显现的进一步研究有重要的意义。     

真空金属镀膜显现手印操作技巧研究

进一步推广真空金属镀膜显现新技术。方法:采用实验的方法,从真空金属镀膜法显现手印的最佳喷镀位置、喷镀材料的最佳用量、最佳喷镀时间及真空金属镀膜法适用的客体及手印物质范围入手,研究真空金属镀膜显现手印技术的最佳操作技巧。结果:确定了不同喷镀位置手印喷镀效果、喷镀材料的最佳用量及不同客体的最佳喷镀时间及显现效果。结论:真空金属镀膜的最佳操作技巧可为真空金属镀膜显现手印技术进一步推广提供帮助。     

高真空镀膜法在潜在手印显现中的应用研究进展

高真空镀膜技术已广泛应用于工业领域,同时也逐渐被法庭科学领域作为手印证据提取的重要技术手段而应用。本文针对高真空镀膜法对潜在手印的显现原理、金属原料选择、客体适用以及与其他显现技术比较等方面综述了高真空镀膜法在手印显现领域的研究进展,并对未来的研究方向加以展望,便于后续开展研究。     

铜、银在真空金属镀膜显现指纹技术中的应用研究

真空金属镀膜(VMD)对于显现非渗透性及半渗透性客体表面的潜在指纹具有极高的灵敏度,但由于其通常采用金、锌两种金属的联用对潜在指纹进行显现,成本过高且操作繁琐,因此未能在实践中得到广泛运用.为解决这一问题,本文选用铜、银代替金对常见塑料客体上的潜在指纹进行显现,在优化金属用量的基础上,将铜、银、铜锌、银锌VMD与传统金...     

Identification of recently handled materials by analysis of latent human fingerprints using infrared spectromicroscopy

Analysis of fingerprints has predominantly focused on matching the pattern of ridges to a specific person as a form of identification. The present work focuses on identifying extrinsic materials that are left within a person's fingerprint after recent handling of such materials. Specifically, we employed infrared spectromicroscopy to locate and positively identify microscopic particles from a mixture of common materials in the latent human fingerprints of volunteer subjects. We were able to find and correctly identify all test substances based on their unique infrared spectral signatures. Spectral imaging is demonstrated as a method for automating recognition of specific substances in a fingerprint. We also demonstrate the use of attenuated total reflectance (ATR) and synchrotron-based infrared spectromicroscopy for obtaining high-quality spectra from particles that were too thick or too small, respectively, for reflection/absorption measurements. We believe the application of this rapid, nondestructive analytical technique to the forensic study of latent human fingerprints has the potential to add a new layer of information available to investigators. Using fingerprints to not only identify who was present at a crime scene, but also to link who was handling key materials, will be a powerful investigative tool.     

Rippling Colloidal Polyelectrolyte Complex for Customized Fingerprints with High Tactile Perception

Fingerprints possess wide applications in personal identification, tactile perception, access control, and anti-counterfeiting. However, latent fingerprints are usually left on touched surfaces, leading to the leakage of personal information. Furthermore, tactile perception greatly decreases when fingerprints are covered by gloves. Customized fingerprints are developed to solve these issues, but it is a challenge to develop fingerprints with various customized patterns using traditional techniques due to their requiring special templates, materials, or instruments. Inspired by ripples on the lake, blowing air is used to generate surface waves on a colloidal polyelectrolyte complex, leading to vertical stratification and the accumulation of particles near the top of the film layer. As water rapidly evaporates, the viscosity of these particles significantly increases and the wave is solidified, forming fingerprint patterns. These customized fingerprints integrate functions of grasping objects, personal identification without leaving latent fingerprints and tactile perception enhancement, which can be applied in information security, anti-counterfeiting, tactile sensors, and biological engineering.     

Polarization-based and specular-reflection-based noncontact latent fingerprint imaging and lifting

In forensic science the finger marks left unintentionally by people at a crime scene are referred to as latent fingerprints. Most existing techniques to detect and lift latent fingerprints require application of a certain material directly onto the exhibit. The chemical and physical processing applied to the fingerprint potentially degrades or prevents further forensic testing on the same evidence sample. Many existing methods also have deleterious side effects. We introduce a method to detect and extract latent fingerprint images without applying any powder or chemicals on the object. Our method is based on the optical phenomena of polarization and specular reflection together with the physiology of fingerprint formation. The recovered image quality is comparable to existing methods. In some cases, such as the sticky side of tape, our method shows unique advantages.     

Semi-automated detection of trace explosives in fingerprints on strongly interfering surfaces with Raman chemical imaging

We have previously demonstrated the use of wide-field Raman chemical imaging (RCI) to detect and identify the presence of trace explosives in contaminated fingerprints. In this current work we demonstrate the detection of trace explosives in contaminated fingerprints on strongly Raman scattering surfaces such as plastics and painted metals using an automated background subtraction routine. We demonstrate the use of partial least squares subtraction to minimize the interfering surface spectral signatures, allowing the detection and identification of explosive materials in the corrected Raman images. The resulting analyses are then visually superimposed on the corresponding bright field images to physically locate traces of explosives. Additionally, we attempt to address the question of whether a complete RCI of a fingerprint is required for trace explosive detection or whether a simple non-imaging Raman spectrum is sufficient. This investigation further demonstrates the ability to nondestructively identify explosives on fingerprints present on commonly found surfaces such that the fingerprint remains intact for further biometric analysis.     

SiC coatings for first-wall candidate materials by R.F. sputtering

The r.f. sputtering technique was applied to form SiC coating films on first-wall candidate materials such as molybdenum, stainless steel and pyrolytic carbon at various temperatures. The coating films were examined by means of scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Auger electron spectroscopy and roughness factor (RF) measurements. It was found that the coating films consisted of α-SiC and grew at relatively low temperatures, namely 300 °C, 600 °C and 800 °C on molybdenum, 304 stainless steel and pyrolytic carbon surfaces, respectively. The surfaces of α-SiC films grown above these temperatures were relatively smooth with small RFs in comparison with those prepared at lower temperatures. Lower temperature deposition gave rise to amorphous and rough coating films with considerably larger RFs.     

A comparative analysis of copper and brass surface films in contact with tap water

A study of the surface oxide films naturally grown on copper and brass in contact with drinkable water is presented. The investigation focuses on the influence of Zn as alloying element on the corrosion resistance of brass. Artificial tap water, employed as electrolyte, simulates a practical application of these materials. The surface films were grown at open circuit potential for 2 and 192 hours. Diverse in-situ techniques such as cyclic voltammetry, polarization curves, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and UV-Vis reflectance spectroscopy were employed. Even when the surface layer is mainly composed of cuprous oxide, Zn(II) species are incorporated in the surface film grown on brass. At longer ageing times, the thickness increases, without affecting the composition of the surface films. The corrosion current was calculated for both materials using various techniques. The corrosion current density and the anodic currents in the polarization curves decreased as the ageing time increased, particularly in the case of brass. This improvement in the performance of the film on brass can be attributed to the incorporation of Zn(II) species into the surface layer, particularly as the film consolidates at longer times.     

Preparation of silica thin films by novel wet process and study of their optical properties

Silicon dioxide (SiO2) thin films have gained considerable attention because of their various industrial applications. For example, SiO2 thin films are used in superhydrophilic self-cleaning surface glass, UV protection films, anti-reflection coatings, and insulating materials. Recently, many processes such as vacuum evaporation, sputtering, chemical vapor deposition, and spin coating have been widely applied to prepare thin films of functionally graded materials. However, these processes suffer from several engineering problems. For example, a special apparatus is required for the deposition of films, and conventional wet processes are not suitable for coating the surfaces of substrates with a large surface area and complex morphology. In this study, we investigated the film morphology and optical properties of SiO2 films prepared by a novel technique, namely, liquid phase deposition (LPD). Images of the SiO2 films were obtained by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) in order to study the surface morphology of these films: these images indicate that films deposited with different reaction times were uniform and dense and were composed of pure silica. Optical properties such as refractive index and transmittance were estimated by UV-vis spectroscopy and ellipsometry. SiO2 films with porous structures at the nanometer scale (100-250 nm) were successfully produced by LPD. The deposited film had excellent transmittance in the visible wavelength region.     

Spectroscopic imaging of latent fingermarks collected with the aid of a gelatin tape

This work introduces a new and nondestructive methodology for the collection and chemical identification of latent fingermarks. The main challenges of this work were (a) to find an appropriate medium to lift fingermarks from various surfaces and (b) to develop an analytical approach for the identification of small quantities of sample while avoiding spectroscopic interference from the lifting media. Two different lifting media were evaluated and analyzed by ATR-FT-IR spectroscopic imaging, which affords inherent chemical specificity with rapid acquisition of data. This is the first time that chemical images of latent fingermarks collected with gel lifters from different surfaces have been obtained. Spatially resolved chemical images from different depths within the same sample were obtained using ATR-FT-IR imaging with a variable angle ATR accessory to minimize interference from the substrate. The possibility of obtaining, through the developed methodology, three-dimensional depth profiles of surface contaminants collected with the lifting gel shows great potential for the investigation of samples for forensic interest.     

微通道板电极表面的XPS分析

为探索微通道板的噪声来源，利用X射线光电子能谱对国内和国外MCP电极表面进行组分分析。实验发现，在国外MCP电极表面上只检测到Ni，Cr，C，O等原子谱峰，而在国内的MCP电极表面还检测到K，Na，Si等原子谱峰，且在国产未镀电极的MCP表面检测出K的原子谱峰。分析认为，MCP体内的K有向表面偏析的现象；MCP电极表面上的杂质，如K，Na，Si等是MCP噪声来源之一；国产MCP表面的杂质不仅与MCP镀膜材料纯度、系统真空度有关，而且还与电极膜层的致密性有关。     

Acoustic emission studies on the lubrication of a fibrous collagen material-leather

For thousands of years, collagen materials, such as leather, have been among the most dominant natural fibrous materials used by humans. Fatliquoring is one of the critical steps in the leather-making process, wherein oil or a lubricant is added to the leather to prevent the leather fibers from sticking together, thereby providing sufficient pliability to the leather. We have examined the feasibility of using the acoustic emission (AE) technique to characterize the degree of lubrication of leather produced with various fatliquor concentrations. In a tensile test, an acoustic transducer was contacted with the leather samples to collect their AE quantities and properties. The samples lubricated with a fatliquor concentration less than 10% showed twin peaks on the plot of hits rate versus time. This implied that a non-uniform fracture occurred in a leather structure that was not sufficiently lubricated. In contrast, a sufficiently lubricated leather structure showed a steady increase in hits rate with time until it fractured. Traditional stress-strain tests did not reflect these behaviors. Observations also showed a direct correlation between the cumulative hits and fatliquor concentration. The results of this work may provide a route to identify an adequate degree of lubrication in the leather.