Na2SiO3—KOH—（NaPO3）6溶液中Ti6Al4V微弧氧化陶瓷膜研究

用非平衡交流微弧氧化法于Na2SiO3-KOH-(NaPO3)6溶液中在Ti6Al4V表面形成氧化物陶瓷膜。分别用扫描电镜、电子探针及X射线衍射研究了陶瓷膜的组织形貌、元素分布和相组成。相对致密均匀的膜层主要由TiO2(钙钛矿相及金红石相)及非晶相组成。厚约20μm的膜可分为3层：过渡层、致密层与疏松层。电解液所含元素Si，P进入到膜层中，表明电解液组元急烈参与微弧氧化反应，这为通过选择电解液来设计膜层的相组成进而对膜层进一步改性提供途径。     

Zr－4合金的微弧氧化研究

利用微弧氧化技术，以NaOH为电解液，对Zr-4合金进行微弧表面处理，以改善抗腐蚀性能和耐磨损性能。通过电化学极化曲线测量、往复式摩擦磨损实验对Zr-4合金的抗腐蚀性能、耐磨损性能进行测试和评价。研究结果表明上述性能与基体相比有显著提高。利用SEM观察Zr-4合金微弧氧化膜厚约60μm，氧化膜分为疏松层和致密层两部分，致密层约占总厚度的1／4，与基体结合紧密。XRD分析表明微弧氧化膜由四方相和单斜相二氧化锆组成。     

镁合金表面微弧氧化放电现象及氧化膜特性分析

为研究AZ91D表面微弧氧化过程中的放电现象及膜层特性,采用高速摄像机记录微弧氧化试样表面在Na2Si O3-Na OH电解液体系下放电过程的瞬间图像。用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对微弧氧化膜层截面形貌和表面形貌进行观察,利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)分析膜层的相组成。结果表明:AZ91D合金在微弧氧化稳定阶段,放电过程呈周期性变化规律。AZ91D合金微弧氧化膜层由致密层与疏松层构成,靠近基体一侧为致密层,膜层外侧为疏松层,在疏松层表面存在微孔和裂纹缺陷,膜层最大厚度约为169μm。陶瓷膜层主要由Mg O和Mg2Si O4相组成,且以Mg O相为主。     

钛合金表面微弧氧化膜及抗氧化性能的研究

利用微弧氧化技术，通过增加涂层致密性的方法及选择合适的放电电压，在钛合金表面制备出致密的、与基体结合优良的微弧氧化膜。微弧氧化膜分为3层：过渡层、致密层和疏松层。XRD分析表明，微弧氧化膜主要由Al2TiO5和Al2SiO5组成。在700℃循环氧化100h后，经微弧氧化处理的钛合金的氧化增重量为2．08mg／cm^2，低于未经微弧氧化处理的钛合金的增重量（20mg／cm^2），因而微弧氧化能有效地提高钛合金的抗高温氧化性能。     

镁锂合金表面耐蚀微弧氧化膜的研究

利用微弧氧化技术在镁锂合金的表面成功制备了微弧氧化膜.利用SEM、XRD、XPS、动电位极化和电化学交流阻抗谱对微弧氧化膜结构、相组成以及耐蚀性能进行了研究.SEM观测结果表明,氧化膜层的结构是由疏松层和致密层组成的双层结构,微弧氧化膜表面存在大量直径约2～7 μm的微孔.XRD和XPS分析表明,微弧氧化膜的主要相组成为方镁石氧化镁和无定形磷酸盐化合物.动电位极化曲线以及电化学交流阻抗谱分析表明,微弧氧化处理后镁锂合金的耐蚀性能得到显著提高.     

锆溶胶对铝合金微弧氧化过程的影响

在原位锆溶胶和外加锆溶胶的磷酸盐电解液体系中,采用恒流模式对铝合金进行微弧氧化,通过分析氧化过程中电压和电解液参数的变化、氧化膜生长规律以及膜层表面形貌结构,研究锆溶胶对铝合金微弧氧化成膜过程的影响。结果表明,原位锆溶胶电解液氧化过程中pH值降低及电导率增加幅度较小,起弧电压、电解液温度较低,膜层生长速率较快,其厚度增长速率约为2.9μm/min。原位锆溶胶电解液制备的膜层表面呈多孔网状结构,内外膜层结合紧密,膜层较厚,可达85μm;外加锆溶胶电解液生成膜层表面有火山状沉积物,膜层疏松;微弧氧化膜主要由γ-Al2O3和t-ZrO2相组成。     

锆微弧氧化表面处理技术研究进展

锆及锆合金是重要的核结构材料和有潜力的生物医用材料,但在实际应用中,腐蚀、磨损易造成其失效,而适当的表面改性是提高它们服役性能的有效手段。重点介绍了锆及锆合金微弧氧化（MAO）表面处理技术的研究现状,讨论微弧氧化过程中电压电流特征及微弧放电机理,总结电解液体系及电参数对锆微弧氧化膜生长及膜层性能的影响规律,最后指出目前存在的问题和后续的研究方向。锆微弧氧化膜硬度高,致密性好,能大幅度提升基材的抗磨损和抗腐蚀性能。因此,锆微弧氧化技术在核电及生物医学领域有着很好的应用前景。此外,电解液中铝、硅元素进入微弧氧化膜后可以稳定膜层中高温氧化锆相（t-ZrO2）,避免膜层中应力集中和微裂纹的产生。用P和Ca元素修饰后的锆微弧氧化膜具有较好的生物活性、抗体液腐蚀和抗菌性能。     

Ti-6Al-4V微弧氧化陶瓷膜微观结构与组成研究

在NaAlO2，Na3PO4混合电解液中，利用微弧氧化（MAO）技术在Ti-6Al-4V合金表面制备了氧化物陶瓷膜。用扫描电镜（SEM），能量散射谱仪（EDS），X射线光电子能谱仪（XPS）对氧化物陶瓷膜的微观结构与组成进行了分析。结果表明：微弧氧化陶瓷膜表面和界面均呈现多孔结构，表面孔径大小差别较大，界面孔径大小差别较小，氧化膜界面处较规则地平行排列着一些长丘陵状突起；氧化膜疏松层与致密层无明显界限，氧化膜与基底以犬牙交错状结合。EDS分析结果表明，氧化膜表面、界面均由Ti，Al，P，V元素组成，Al元素易在表面富集，P元素易在界面富集。XPS分析结果表明，氧化膜表面、界面存在TiO2，Al2O3，TiAl2O5等相，P元素均以PO4^3-形式存在；氧化膜界面处存在V2O5相，而表面并不存在V元素。     

2A12铝合金表面微弧氧化与性能研究

采用微弧氧化技术在2A12铝合金表面制备了二氧化锆陶瓷层,研究了电解液中锆盐浓度对微弧氧化膜层厚度、粗糙度、形貌和耐盐雾腐蚀性能,并对微弧氧化膜层的物相组成进行了分析。结果表明,经过微弧氧化处理后,膜层主要由AlMg_2O_4、ZrO_2、Zr_2O和Al_2O_3相组成;随着锆盐浓度的增加,微弧氧化膜层的厚度和粗糙度逐渐增加,膜层表观从优转变为一般;锆盐浓度为18 g/L的微弧氧化膜层的微孔区域的腐蚀产物相对更少,微弧氧化膜层的耐腐蚀性能相对较好。盐雾腐蚀优先在微弧氧化膜层的疏松层开始,对致密层的影响不大。     

锆合金表面微弧氧化陶瓷膜制备及特性分析

采用交流微弧氧化方法在一种锆合金表面制备出保护性陶瓷膜。采用SEM、EDS、XRD分析了陶瓷膜的表面形貌、截面组织、成分和相组成,并测量了微弧氧化前后锆合金的极化曲线,以评估陶瓷膜的电化学腐蚀特性。结果表明,膜层较为致密,并与锆合金结合良好。陶瓷膜由m-ZrO2、t-ZrO2、S iO2相所组成,其中S iO2相主要分布在外层膜里。微弧氧化处理后,锆合金的腐蚀电位上升,腐蚀电流密度下降,它的抗腐蚀能力得到较大提高。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。