TM-mode selective filter using lossy layer cladding optical waveguide

Mode-filter properties have been investigated using a complex coefficient eigenvalue equation on a simple structure having an extremely low refractive-index layer as a buffer layer between the guiding layer and the cladding lossy layer. As a result, it is revealed that the attenuation constants become at least an order of magnitude larger for the TE mode than for the TM mode.<>     

Infrared optical fibers with vapor-deposited cladding layer

Core-cladding structures constructed for KRS-5 polycrystalline and As₂S₃ glass infrared fibers by means of vapor deposition are discussed. In order to obtain high-numerical-aperture fibers, KRS-6 and AsS₃, respectively, have been used as cladding materials. A CO₂ laser beam of 15-20 W has been successfully transmitted through the KRS-5 fiber. For the As₂S₃ fiber an absorption loss due to Teflon coating has been reduced, and a loss of 0.13 dB/m has been achieved     

Theoretical and experimental investigation of a thin-film waveguide laser amplifier with a lossy cladding

In laser amplifiers using high gain materials such as dyes or semiconductors, the inherent broad-band amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) may strongly saturate the amplifier gain: this yields a severe limitation on the amplification of small signals. We show that this difficulty can be appreciably overcome in an optical waveguide amplifier with a lossy cladding. A theoretical analysis of gain saturation by the ASE noise in a lossy cladding waveguide amplifier is given, and the small-signal gain improvement is stressed. An experiment involving a metal-clad thin-film dye laser amplifier is reported, the results of which are in agreement with the theoretical predictions.     

基于双面金属波导的纳米磁流体磁调制

设计了一种双面金属包覆波导,其中作为样品室的导波层厚度达到毫米量级.在波导腔体中注入浓度为0.15%的水基四氧化三铁纳米磁流体,采用波长为860 nm的红外激光束小角度(小于5°)入射到该波导金属耦合层上,以激发波导中的超高阶导模,使纳米磁流体处于光波导的振荡场中.根据超高阶导模的高灵敏特性,对磁流体施加10 mT的调制磁场,检测到纳米磁流体的磁光信号上升和下降时间为2 ms.     

Polysiloxane optical waveguide layer integrated in printed circuit board

A hybrid electrical-optical circuit board is demonstrated using polysiloxane as low-loss and high-temperature stable waveguide material system. After board lamination at 180/spl deg/C for two hours and a subsequent annealing at 230/spl deg/C for 5 minutes the waveguide insertion loss is 0.05 dB/cm at 850 nm wavelength.     

Theoretical study of metal-clad optical waveguide polarizer

An analysis method for metal-clad optical waveguide polarizers, which is based on the equivalent current theory of optical waveguide couplings, is presented. This theory is used to analyze the metal-clad optical waveguide polarizers and obtain analytic formulas, which have not been obtained before. The results of the theory are nearly coincident with that of numerical calculation and experiments     

The effect of cladding layer thickness on large optical cavity650-nm lasers

The reduction in penetration of the optical mode into the cladding layers in large optical cavity (LOC) laser structures offers the possibility of reducing the cladding-layer thickness. This could be particularly beneficial in GaInP-AlGaInP high-power devices by reducing the thermal impedance and the electrical series resistance. We have designed and characterized 650-nm LOC lasers by modeling the optical loss due to incomplete confinement of the optical mode by the cladding layers and calculating the thermally activated leakage current. This indicated that the cladding thickness could be reduced to 0.5 μm without adversely affecting performance. We investigated devices with 0.3-, 0.5-, and 1-μm-wide cladding layers. The measured optical mode loss of the 0.3-μm-wide cladding device was 36.2 cm^-1 compared with 12.4 and 11.3 cm^-1 for the 0.5- and 1-μm-wide cladding samples, respectively. The threshold current densities of the 0.5- and 1.0-μm devices were similar over the temperature range investigated (120-320 K), whereas the 0.3-μm devices had significantly higher threshold current density. We show that this can be attributed to the higher optical loss and increased leakage current through the thin cladding layer. The intrinsic gain characteristics were the same in all the devices, irrespective of the cladding-layer thickness. The measured thermal impedance of 2-mm-long devices was reduced from 30.7 to 22.3 K/W by reducing the cladding thickness from 1 to 0.5 μm. Our results show that this can be achieved without detriment to the threshold characteristics     

Study of optical bistability and multistability with optical waveguide modulator

Using a planar optical waveguide electro-optic modulator and simple double beam interfering device, the experimental study of optical bistability and multistability is successfully performed. The waveguide modulator is made by depositing aluminium as electrodes on the Ti-diffused LiNbO₂ planar optical waveguide which is fabricated by ourselves. Laser beam is coupled directly into the end of optical waveguide modulator and out of the Bi₁₂GeO₂₀ prism. Optical rotation arising from Bi₁₂GeO₂₀ crystal is overcome in experiment. In addition to analyzing and discussing optical bistability, the multistabilitical hysteresis curves of different shapes obtained in experiments are particularly investigated.     

Transmission characteristics of a dielectric-tube waveguide with an outer higher-index cladding

A single-mode fibre with a large core radius and a strong field confinement is shown to be realised by using a dielectric-tube waveguide with an outer higher-index cladding.     

A theoretical and experimental study of coplanar waveguide shuntstubs

A comprehensive theoretical and experimental study of straight and bend coplanar waveguide (CPW) shunt stubs is presented. In the theoretical analysis, the CPW is assumed to be inside a cavity, while, the experiments are performed on open structures. For the analysis of CPW discontinuities with air-bridges, a hybrid technique has been developed which has been validated through extensive theoretical and experimental comparisons. Throughout this study, the effect of the cavity resonances on the behavior of the stubs with and without air-bridges is investigated. In addition, the encountered radiation loss due to the discontinuities is evaluated experimentally     

The effect of an outer layer on propagation in a parabolic-index optical waveguide

It is shown that the transverse field pattern is considerably deformed due to an outer homogeneous medium surrounding a ‘ parabolic-index ’ guiding medium.     

Theoretical and experimental analysis of waveguide containing transversally magnetized strongly gyrotropic dissipative semiconductor layer

In this paper we present the Maxwell equations' solution method enabling to electrodynamically rigorously compute opened and screened waveguides containing transversally magnetized gyrotropic material. There have been theoretically and experimentally analysed a rectangular metal waveguide having along the narrow wall a gyrotropic dissipative layer ofn-InSb. There has been found the resonant waveguide losses' dependence on the magnitude of the biasing magnetic field. The correspondence of computed and experimental data is fairly good.     

Guided modes of a width-reduced photonic-crystal slab line-defect waveguide with asymmetric cladding

The authors fabricated GaAs-based width-reduced photonic-crystal (PC) slab line-defect waveguides with asymmetric cladding, characterized optically by broadband transmission spectral results. These waveguides were vertically sandwiched between air and oxide claddings. Transmission peaks originating from the guided mode located within the bandgap were observed, thereby showing the presence of a bandgap effect for the transverse-electric (TE)-like guided mode even with the coexistence of a fundamental transverse-magnetic (TM)-like mode. Propagation loss spectra were derived from transmission spectra for both TE and TM polarization inputs. Comparing the obtained spectra to band diagrams, the authors detected a mini-stopband effect in the transmission spectra arising from a folding of the fundamental TM-like mode at the Brillouin zone boundary. The coupling coefficient was then estimated to be /spl sim/0.01 [a/sup -1/] (with a being a lattice constant). Dips in spectral intensity were also observed and were attributed to TE-TM mode conversion based on a comparison to the band diagram.     

衰减全反射型聚合物波导光开关的实验研究

文章提出一种用衰减全反射(ATR)结构来控制光的开关效应的新型方法和装置.该光开关可利用聚合物薄膜的电光效应,通过电场控制衰减全反射结构中入射光能量到导模层的耦舍效率,实现光的开关效应.该器件具有功率损耗小、消光比大、响应速度快、稳定性好、制备工艺简单和成本低廉等诸多特点.     

Analytical solution of stresses and material birefringence inoptical fibers with noncircular cladding

An analytical method for the calculation of thermal stress in polarization-maintaining optical fibers is presented. The method is based on the thermoelastic potential and is appropriate for structures with a noncircular stress-cladding boundary. The analytical solution is compared with the results of the finite element method (FEM) for the case of an elliptical boundary     

带反馈双波导耦合微环共振器光学特性的理论研究

设计了一种带反馈的双波导微环耦合结构,利用传输矩阵法得到了透过率公式和相移公式。根据透过率公式,得到了随相移变化的非对称类Fano共振曲线。详细分析了各耦合区的透射系数对透过率曲线的影响,得知在t₁=t₂=t₃=0.2条件表现出的滤波特性比不带反馈的结构要好。在该条件下,微环和直波导的损耗系数都对透过率的影响比较敏锐,当损耗从0.8变到1时,透过率峰值几乎从0变到1。除此之外,透过峰附近的延迟系数达到29.1,所以该结构还可以用作光延迟     

Improved extinction ratio of waveguide electroabsorption optical modulators induced by an InGaAs absorbing layer

The authors demonstrate theoretically and experimentally that the extinction ratio of an InGaAsP waveguide electroabsorption optical modulator can be greatly improved by adding an InGaAs absorbing layer. They use both a simplified slab waveguide analysis and the full three-dimensional beam propagation method to study the light propagation in such modulators. The predicted increase in extinction ratio is then experimentally demonstrated in fabricated devices. The calculations are extended to a modulator integrated to a laser.<>     

Asymmetric waveguide devices with buried AlO/sub x/ cladding layers

We demonstrate a highly asymmetric waveguide filter for wavelength division multiplexing applications using wet oxidation of AlAs to form low-index cladding layers. The dual waveguide structure consists of a low-index polymer waveguide coupled to a lossy high-index AlGaAs waveguide. The high asymmetry between the polymer and AlGaAs yields high resolution at small device lengths. The light is coupled in and out of the polymer guide and exhibits Fabry-Perot-like resonances as the light couples to different modes of the AlGaAs. With a device length of 400 /spl mu/m, we observe resonances with a width of about 1 nm at 800 nm, agreeing with theoretical expectations. In addition to the simple filter demonstrated here, such a structure could be used to form active light emitting or detector devices.     

Reflection-type optical waveguide switch with bow-tie electrode

Based on the total internal reflection and the plasma dispersion effect of SiGe alloy, an intersectional rib optical waveguide switch with bow-tie electrode has been proposed and fabricated for operating wavelengths of 1.3 and 1.55 μm. The thickness of the SiGe layer is 2.6 μm and the width is 9 μm. The branch angle of the switch is 2° and the bow-tie angle is 1.5°. The crosstalks are -19.6 dB for 1.3 μm and -21.8 dB for 1.55 μm. At both wavelengths, the extinction ratio is larger than 38.5 dB and the insertion loss is less than 1.70 dB. The switching time is about 180 ns