TC4钛合金表面固体粒子冲蚀损伤行为及机理研究

目的 探究TC4钛合金在固体粒子冲蚀下的损伤行为,揭示钛合金表面的冲蚀机理。方法 采用自主搭建的冲蚀试验装置,以TC4钛合金为研究对象,综合运用正交试验法和控制变量法开展常温干砂粒冲蚀试验。通过扫描电镜综合分析冲蚀区域表面和截面的微观形貌,采用能谱仪分析冲蚀区域元素的组成,利用电子天平测量冲蚀磨损质量;讨论工艺参数对钛合金损伤行为及冲蚀机理的影响。结果 相较于冲砂量和冲蚀角度,冲蚀距离对冲蚀量的影响更大;冲蚀量随着冲蚀角度的增加呈先增大后减小的趋势,在40°附近达到峰值。结合数值模拟和试验研究结果发现,钛合金的损伤形式和冲蚀机理与冲蚀角度密切相关,在低攻角时形成了较狭长的犁沟和挤压唇,发生了明显的塑性变形,容易产生二次撞击,表现为微切削机制;在中攻角时,微切削与锤击效应共存,损伤最为严重;在冲蚀角度为90°时,形成了较多的撞击坑、挤压唇及少量的疲劳剥层,主要为锤击效应引起的疲劳破坏。在低攻角时,磨料动能损失较小,随着冲蚀角度的增加,磨料动能损失增大,且在不同攻角下均有破碎磨料嵌入基体。结论 冲蚀距离和冲砂量对钛合金冲蚀损伤的影响较为显著,冲蚀角度会影响钛合金的冲蚀机理,此研究结论可为钛合金结构件抗冲蚀设计提供理论依据。     

基于有限元的20#钢冲蚀磨损行为模拟

目的研究固体颗粒对油气井管柱或地面油气输送管道材料的冲蚀磨损规律。方法通过对石英砂颗粒形状特征抽提了颗粒模型,采用有限元方法模拟了其对20~#钢的冲击磨损动力学行为。在不同冲击角度、不同颗粒粒径和不同冲击速度的条件下,分析材料表面冲击破坏应力特征和材料堆积形态。结果在给定的参数条件下,随着冲击角度的增大,最大等效应力先上升后下降,在40°时达到最大值1370 MPa。高角度冲蚀时,表现为凿坑和塑性挤出;低角度冲蚀时,以微切削和犁沟形唇为主,在冲蚀坑两侧及前端有材料堆积,冲蚀坑前端的变形唇高度逐渐增加,在40°时达到最大值0.019 85 mm。随着冲击速度的增大,最大等效应力单调增大,冲击坑深度变化不大,但冲击粒子前端的堆积材料明显增多,变形唇片高度增大。当粒径小于0.15 mm时,最大等效应力随粒径的增加而增大,粒径为0.15 mm时达到最大值1410 MPa。当粒径超过0.15 mm时,最大等效应力随粒径的增加而减小。随粒径的增加,冲蚀坑深度缓慢增加,粒子前端的变形唇片高度明显增加。结论采用有限元方法对石英砂冲击20~#钢的动力学行为进行了成功的模拟,获得了冲击角度、冲击速度以及颗粒粒径的变化对20~#钢冲击过程中应力分布、冲蚀形貌变化的影响规律。     

Hard arc-sprayed coating with enhanced erosion and abrasion wear resistance

A cored wire formulation, referred to as Alpha 1800, has been developed to produce tailored arc-sprayed coatings that are tough enough to resist particle impacts at 90° and sufficiently hard to deflect eroding particles at low impact angles. One millimeter thick coatings composed of ductile and hard phases with a Knoop hardness reaching 1800 kg/mm² were easily produced by arc spraying the cored wire with air. Coatings were (1) erosion tested at 25 °C and higher temperatures at impact angles of 25 and 90° in a gasblast erosion rig, (2) slurry erosion tested at impact angles of 25 and 90°, and (3) abrasion wear tested using the ASTM G-65 test procedure. Results show that coatings produced with the new cored wire are at least 5 times more erosion resistant and 10 times more abrasion resistant than coatings produced by arc spraying commercial cored wires. The performance of the new arc-sprayed coating can be compared with that of high-energy WC-based coatings. Maintaining their erosion resistance after being exposed to temperatures up to 850 °C and possessing good oxidation resistance, arc-sprayed coatings produced with the new cored wire are attractive for applications in many industrial sectors involving high temperatures.     

Mechanical and Tribological Characterization of Al-Mg2Si Composites After Yttrium Addition and Heat Treatment

In this study, the effect of heat treatment and yttrium additions on the microstructure, mechanical properties, and tribological behavior of Al-15% Mg₂Si cast composites was investigated. The microstructural study revealed the presence of both primary and secondary Mg₂Si phases in all composite specimens and also Y-containing intermetallics (Al₂Y phases) at higher concentrations. It was also found that Y addition does not change the size and morphology of primary Mg₂Si particles considerably, but the pseudo-eutectic Mg₂Si changed from a flake-like morphology to fine fibrous or rod-like one. The results show that proper content of Y additions can reduce the amount of Mg₂Si phase through dissolving it into the matrix, lead to the precipitation of Al₂Y phase and improve the mechanical properties. Modified composites with 0.5% Y exhibited an ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of 290 MPa with an elongation of 4.3%. After exposing the composite to solution treatment at 520 °C for 4 h, the tensile strength of the composite continuously increased with the increase of Y content, and reached the maximum at 1% Y. The maximum UTS and elongation at room temperature for the heat-treated composites are 294 MPa and 7.4%, respectively. In the cast specimen, fracture surfaces are covered by packets with coarse steps, suggesting a brittle mode of failure. Modified composites with 0.5 wt.% Y contain several cracked particles together with a few decohered primary Mg₂Si particles. In solution heat-treated state, dimples present at the fracture surface are rather coarse but homogenous, showing a semi-ductile mode of fracture. Wear test results showed that the wear resistance of all specimens increases with the addition of Y up to 0.3 wt.%. Scanning electron microscopic observations of the worn surfaces revealed that the dominant wear mechanism was abrasive wear accompanied by some delamination wear mode.     

多道次搅拌摩擦加工改善传统铸造Al−8.5Fe−1.3V−1.7Si合金的摩擦学性能

研究多道次搅拌摩擦加工(FSP)对传统铸造Al?8.5Fe?1.3V?1.7Si(FVS0812)合金摩擦学性能的影响.分别在0.25、0.50、和0.75 MPa的载荷下,于室温下进行销?盘式干滑动磨损实验.结果表明,FSP大幅细化合金显微组织中粗大的θ-Al13Fe4片状晶和α-Al12(Fe,V)3Si金属间化合...     

Effect of heat treatment conditions on microstructure and wear behaviour of Al4Cu2Ni2Mg alloy

Al4Cu2Ni2Mg alloy is an age-hardenable aluminum alloy. The effect of different solution and aging heat treatment conditions on the microstructure, hardness and wear resistance of the alloy was studied. The cast specimens were solution treated and then artificially aged. Optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy were used to investigate the microstructures of the specimens. The hardness and wear tests were applied to understanding the effects of heat treatment. After aging for 8 h, the hardness of the alloy increases from HV₁₀ 96.5 to 151.1. Aging treatment for a longer duration causes a drop in the hardness because of over aging. Increasing the hardness of the alloy increases the wear resistance. As a result of all tests, solution heat treatment at 540 °C for 8 h and aging at 190 °C for 8 h were chosen for optimum heat treatment conditions for this alloy.     

Processing and mechanical properties of a molybdenum silicide with the composition Mo–12Si–8.5B (at.%)

Alloys with the nominal composition Mo–12Si–8.5B (at.%) were prepared by arc-melting or powder-metallurgical processing. Cast and annealed alloys consisted of approximately 38 vol.% α-Mo in a brittle matrix of 32 vol.% Mo₃Si and 30 vol.% Mo₅SiB₂. Their flexure strengths were approximately 500 MPa at room temperature, and 400–500 MPa at 1200°C in air. The fracture toughness values determined from the three-point fracture of chevron-notched specimens were about 10 MPa m^1/2 at room temperature and 20 MPa m^1/2 at 1200°C in air. The relatively high room temperature toughness is consistent with the deformation of the α-Mo particles observed on fracture surfaces. Three-point flexure tests at 1200°C in air and a tensile test at 1520°C in nitrogen indicated a small amount of high temperature plasticity. Extrusion experiments to modify the microstructure of cast alloys were unsuccessful due to extensive cracking. However, using powder-metallurgical (PM) techniques, microstructures consisting of Mo₃Si and Mo₅SiB₂ particles in a continuous α-Mo matrix were fabricated. The room temperature fracture toughnesss of the PM materials was on the order of 15 MPa m^1/2.     

添加晶粒细化剂硅对Ti-6Al-4V合金组织和性能的影响(英文)

采用真空感应凝壳熔炼工艺在石墨模中制备Ti-6Al-4V和Ti6Al4V0.5Si两种钛合金。将硅作为一种晶粒细化剂加入到Ti-6Al-4V合金中,考察添加硅对铸态和模锻态Ti-6Al-4V合金组织和性能的影响。铸态合金先在900°C下进行热模锻处理,然后分别进行两种不同的热处理。一种是将模锻样品在1050°C下保温30min,然后水淬以获得细小的层片状组织;另一种是将模锻件在1050°C下保温30min,然后再在800°C下保温30min,以获得粗大的层片状组织。Ti6-Al-4V合金中添加0.5%Si后,铸态合金的晶粒尺寸从627μm减小到337μm,其极限抗拉强度增加约25MPa。具有细小、层片状组织的Ti-6Al-4V0.5Si合金的最大极限抗拉强度为1380MPa,在Hank溶液和NaCl溶液中的腐蚀速度分别为1.35×106和5.78×104mm/a。Ti-6Al-4V合金中添加0.5%Si后,在低滑动速度下的磨损率降低50%,在高滑动速度下的磨损率降低约73%。     

Influence of Al-Ti-B addition on the microstructure and mechanical properties of A356 alloys

The mechanical properties (σb,σ0.2,and δ) and fracture behavior of tensile specimens of the refined A356 alloys were investigated as a function of the addition level of Al-Ti-B master alloy under both as-cast and T6 heat-treated conditions. The results show that as the addition level of Al-5Ti-1B master alloy increases from 0.1 wt.% to 5.0 wt.%,the mechanical properties of refined A356 alloys improve steadily and then decrease slightly under both as-cast and T6 heat-treated conditions. Also,they display exc...     

Microstructure and properties of high silicon aluminum alloy with 2% Fe prepared by rheo-casting

The morphology changes of both Fe-containing intermetallic compounds and the primary Si phase of Al-20Si-2Fe- 2Cu-0.4Mg-1.0Ni-0.5Mn (mass fraction, %) alloy produced by semi-solid rheo-diecasting were studied. The semi-solid slurry of high silicon aluminum alloy was prepared by direct ultrasonic vibration (DUV) which was imposed on the alloy near the liquidus temperature for about 2 min. Then, standard test samples of 6.4 mm in diameter were formed by semi-solid rheo-diecasting. The results show that the DUV treatment suppresses the formation of needle-like β-Al₅(Fe, Mn)Si phase, and the Fe-containing intermetallic compounds exist in the form of fine Al₄(Fe, Mn)Si₂ particles. Additionally, the primary Si grows up as fine and round particles with uniform distribution in a(Al) matrix of this alloy under DUV treatment. The tensile strengths of the samples at the room temperature and 573 K are 230 MPa and 145 MPa, respectively. The coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) between 25 °C and 300 °C is 16.052 8×10^?6 °C^?1, and the wear rate is 1.55%. The hardness of this alloy with 2% Fe reaches HB146.3. It is discovered that modified morphology and uniform distribution of the Fe-containing intermetallic compounds and the primary Si phase are the main reasons for reducing the CTE and increasing the wear resistance of this alloy.     

Microstructure and hardness of Mg-based composites reinforced with Mg<Subscript>2</Subscript>Si particles

Magnesium powders were mechanically alloyed with SiO₂ powder particles having different particle sizes using high-energy ball milling techniques under Ar atmosphere for 1 h. The powders were consolidated with cold pressing under 560 MPa. They were then sintered at 550°C for 45 min under Ar atmosphere. The composites obtained on the Mg-SiO₂ system were investigated using the Archimedes principle, a differential scanning calorimeter, X-ray diffraction, optic microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. For the mechanically alloyed powders, the solid-state reaction of the synthesis of Mg₂Si and MgO progressed further during sintering of the materials. The results showed that the strengthening mechanisms were dependent on dispersion hardening of fine Mg₂Si and MgO particulates dispersed homogeneously in the matrix.     

热处理对Mg-5Zn-0.63Er合金显微组织及力学性能的影响

通过不同的热处理工艺研究含有准晶Ⅰ相的铸态Mg-5Zn-0.63Er(质量分数,％)合金的显微组织演变.结果表明:合金在480℃固溶10 h后,除有W相颗粒析出外,准晶Ⅰ相几乎全部固溶在基体中.固溶态Mg-5Zn-0.63Er合金在175℃下时效6～10h.合金在峰时效态的抗拉强度约为261MPa、伸长率为10.5％.合金拉伸强度的提高归因于杆状MgZn2相的析出.     

离子渗氮38CrMoAl钢的腐蚀冲刷磨损行为

研究了３８ＣｒＭｏＡｌ钢调质与离子渗氮试样在海水和砂粒（尺寸１００～１０００μｍ）以不同速度（１４,２４,３６,５和７ｍ／ｓ）冲击作用的腐蚀冲刷磨损行为。研究结果表明,调质试样的平均磨损速率随冲刷速度的增加发生明显变化,腐蚀冲刷磨损严重;离子渗氮试样的平均磨损速率随冲刷速度变化很小,腐蚀冲刷磨损轻微。这表明坚硬的氮化物具有优良的抗腐蚀冲刷磨损能力     

钢结构镀锌涂层冲蚀磨损表面形貌及粗糙度

我国西北地区风沙特殊环境对该地区钢结构的耐久性和安全性影响严重。利用风沙环境侵蚀实验系统、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和激光共聚焦显微镜(LSCM)研究钢结构镀锌涂层受风沙冲蚀磨损损伤行为和损伤形貌,并分析其表面粗糙度。结果表明:涂层材料的冲蚀损伤行为更加依赖于冲蚀角度,在不同冲蚀角度下风沙流对涂层材料的冲蚀磨损过程同时存在类似表面划伤和挤压变形剥落;涂层材料的冲蚀坑深度随着冲蚀速度的增大而增加,在90°时冲蚀坑深度大于45°时的冲蚀坑深度;在相同的冲蚀速度下,45°时表面平均粗糙度Sa和均方差Sq较90°时大,在相同的冲蚀角度下,Sa和Sq均随速度的增大而增大。在冲蚀中后期,粒子对凹凸不平的表面冲蚀磨损破坏严重,试件表面峰谷的形成和破坏导致冲蚀率增加。     

往复挤压Mg-4Al-4Si镁合金的显微组织与力学性能

研究往复挤压对Mg-4Al-4Si(AS44)合金显微组织和性能的影响。结果表明:往复挤压显著地细化晶粒,改善组织的均匀性;往复挤压4道次和8道次后,Mg2Si颗粒尺寸由铸态下的约120μm分别减小至3和2μm,α-Mg基体晶粒尺寸由铸态下的约50μm分别减小至9和8μm,形成了较为细小、弥散分布的Mg2Si颗粒和细小的等轴晶组织。合金的力学性能随往复挤压道次的增加而显著提高,挤压8道次时,合金的极限抗拉强度、屈服强度和伸长率分别达到251.7 MPa、210.5 MPa和14.8%,与铸态合金相比,上述力学性能指标分别提高了131.3%、191.1%和469.2%;挤压态合金拉伸断裂形式为微孔聚合型韧性断裂。     

等通道转角挤压Al-10Mg-4Si合金的组织与性能研究

在250℃下以Bc路径对Al-10Mg-4Si合金进行4道次和8道次的等通道转角挤压,以求达到改善合金组织和提高合金力学性能的目的.扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)对挤压前后的微观组织分析表明:铸态合金基体晶粒比较粗大,第二相Mg_2Si以粗大的汉字状或骨骼状分布于基体晶界处;经ECAP挤压后,基体晶粒得到细化,原粗大的汉字状Mg_2Si被碎化为短棒状或多边形状颗粒,并呈一定的弥散分布.室温拉伸测试结果表明:ECAP4道次挤压后,合金的抗拉强度和伸长率由铸态的166MPa、1.64%提高为322MPa、21.7%;ECAP8道次挤压后,合金的伸长率继续提高为24.7%.但抗拉强度下降到293MPa.     

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of a Wear-Resistant As-Cast Alloyed Bainite Ductile Iron

An as-cast bainite ductile iron with excellent mechanical properties and wear resistance was fabricated by alloying and centrifugal casting method, and the alloyed chemical composition was optimized by using the thermodynamic software Thermo-Calc. By using optical microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction, the microstructure of the as-fabricated bainite ductile cast iron was characterized pertinent to the elements distribution in matrix and features of ferrite and retained austenite. The results of mechanical properties test show that the hardness and compressive strength of this alloyed ductile iron are 52 HRC and 2,200 MPa, respectively. The ascast bainite ductile iron possesses highly abrasive wear resistance and the reason can be ascribed to the solid solution of the elements Si, Ni, Cu, and Mn in the austenite and the formation of carbides of elements Cr and Mo. The strength of bainite ductile iron is increased by the acicular bainitic ferrite in the matrix.     

SiON/SiO2复合膜层对太阳能电池阵板间电缆的表面改性及其耐空间环境性能

在空间站工作的太阳电池阵板间电缆上下表面为聚酰亚胺薄膜,在低轨运行时会受到原子氧的强烈侵蚀,需要采取措施对其进行保护。采用射频磁控溅射法在电缆表面制备了颗粒尺寸均匀、排列致密的SiO₂膜层。通过表征空间环境试验前后样品发现由于电缆表面的凸起颗粒等缺陷无法完全被SiO₂膜层覆盖,导致原子氧会对缺陷位置产生侵蚀作用。采用全氢聚硅氮烷溶液对板间电缆基底进行表面改性处理,制备的聚硅氧氮烷涂层（SiON）可以有效地覆盖电缆基底表面的凸起颗粒等缺陷,使得其上溅射的SiO₂膜层表面光滑平整。经原子氧暴露试验,SiON/SiO₂层内部没有受到其侵蚀作用,可以防止原子氧对电缆基底的破坏。经多次冷热循环试验,SiON/SiO₂复合膜层仍然具备良好的结构特性与结合性能。     

Evolution of second phases and mechanical properties of 7075 Al alloy processed by solution heat treatment

The effects of solution treatment on the evolution of the second phases and mechanical properties of 7075 Al alloy were studied with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), hardness and tensile tests. The results show that Mg(Zn, Cu, Al)₂ phases gradually dissolve into the matrix, yet the size and morphology of Al₇Cu₂Fe phase exhibit no change with the increase of the solution treatment temperature and time due to its high melting point. When the solution treatment temperature and time continue to increase, the formation of coarse black Mg₂Si particles occurs. Compared to the as-cast alloy, the microhardness, tensile strength, and elongation of the sample under solution heat treatment at 460 °C for 5 h are increased by 55.1%, 40.9% and 109.1%, respectively. This is because the eutectic Mg(Zn, Cu, Al)₂ phases almost completely dissolve and basically no coarse black Mg₂Si particles are formed.     

DLC、TiN涂层对TC4钛合金抗砂尘冲蚀性能的影响

为提高TC4钛合金的抗砂尘冲蚀性能,采用金属蒸汽真空弧(MEVVA)离子源注入与磁过滤真空阴极弧(FCVA)沉积复合技术、磁控溅射技术在TC4钛合金表面制备DLC、TiN涂层。采用SEM、Raman、XRD、纳米压痕仪和划痕仪等方法对涂层的物相结构、硬度、弹性模量以及与基体的结合力进行表征。在冲蚀试验平台上考核试样在不同入射角度条件下的抗砂尘冲蚀性能。结果表明:DLC涂层表面结构致密,含有大量sp3键,硬度为62.1 GPa,弹性模量为391.64 GPa,结合力达80.4 N;TiN涂层表面存在许多熔滴颗粒及空穴,硬度为22.72 GPa,弹性模量为383.18 GPa,结合力达34.7 N。30°冲蚀条件下,涂层主要是通过提高基体表面硬度来抵抗砂尘粒子的微切削作用,从而提高TC4钛合金的抗砂尘冲蚀性能。90°冲蚀条件下,涂层通过延缓基体的塑性变形来实现TC4钛合金抗砂尘冲蚀性能的提高。