考虑压室预结晶的镁合金压铸组织实验及模拟研究

针对镁合金压铸件表层晶粒细小均匀而心部晶粒较粗大且不均匀的特点,开展一系列压铸实验,研究镁合金压铸工艺对压室预结晶和压铸件最终凝固组织(特别是对晶粒大小、压室预结晶组织的含量及分布形态)的影响.采用数值模拟方法,以压铸实验统计数据为基础,建立了考虑压室预结晶的镁合金压铸形核模型,以此模拟更接近实际的压铸组织.应用所建立的形核及生长模型,模拟了不同压铸工艺下AM50镁合金阶梯压铸件的凝固组织,模拟结果与实验结果吻合较好.     

压铸镁合金缺陷带的组织特征及形成机理

研究了压铸镁合金缺陷带的组织形貌及分布特征,建立缺陷带与压室预结晶(ESCs)、气缩孔及压铸工艺参数之间的对应关系,在此基础上探讨了缺陷带的形成及演化机理。结果表明,压铸镁合金截面凝固组织以缺陷带为界可划分为3个有明显组织特征差异的区域。随着压铸低速速度提高,镁合金凝固组织中ESCs含量逐渐降低,而缺陷带组织愈加明显并向压铸件中心靠拢,缺陷带宽度减小,其内部孔洞更加聚集;高速速度越大,压铸镁合金凝固组织中ESCs越分散,缺陷带向压铸件中心靠拢,压铸在无高速速度情况下,镁合金凝固组织横截面出现双缺陷带现象。压铸充型过程中金属液流的形态决定了缺陷带的分布位置和发展趋势,在高速金属液的剧烈冲刷及增压压力的作用下,靠近金属液流外轮廓的晶粒发生破碎或转动,在晶粒间形成大于剩余金属液体积的间隙,随着凝固的进行,形成沿液流轮廓分布孔洞聚集的缺陷带组织。     

挤压铸造对Al-Cu合金显微组织及溶质分布的影响

研究了挤压铸造工艺条件下,工艺参数对Al-5Cu-0.4Mn合金显微组织及Cu元素分布的影响。结果表明,合金在25MPa压力下成形时,初生α-Al晶粒尺寸得到明显细化;浇注温度越高组织变得越粗大;升高模具预热温度,晶粒尺寸增大且分布不均匀。挤压铸造改变重力铸造条件下Cu的逆偏析现象,从铸件边缘往心部的Cu含量呈现增加的趋势,主要原因为晶间富铜液相在压力的强制补缩下,通过枝晶骨架通道被挤向铸件内侧。Cu在α-Al基体中的固溶度随着压力的增大而增加;沿径向远离铸件心部,α-Al晶内Cu含量逐渐增加。在挤压力为100MPa、浇注温度为680～730℃、模具温度为200℃的工艺条件下,可获得晶粒细小、组织致密、宏观偏析少的Al-5Cu-0.4Mn合金挤压铸件。     

AM6OB镁合金压铸工艺的研究

研究了压射比压、浇注温度、模具温度、压射速度四个压铸参数对AM60B镁合金显微组织、铸造性能和力学性能的影响,探明了其在冷室压铸备件下的最佳工艺,简单分析了压铸态组织,并成功的实现了镁合金灯罩铸件的试制。     

不同慢压射速度条件下AZ91D镁合金的真空辅助压铸

对不同慢压射速度条件下真空辅助对AZ91D镁合金压铸件组织及力学性能的影响进行了评估。在联合有自行改进的TOYO真空系统的TOYO BD-350V5型冷室压铸机上制备片状AZ91D镁合金压铸件。研究发现,充型时型腔真空压力随着慢压射速度的升高呈现3次方增长,导致真空辅助对压铸件中气孔的降低能力随着慢压射速度的降低而下降。常规和真空压铸件中压室预结晶组织（ESC）含量随着慢压射速度的变化趋势相似。在较低慢压射速度时,真空压铸件拉伸性能受ESC含量的影响很大,随着慢压射速度的升高,真空压铸件中气孔含量的影响将变得显著。     

ZA85镁合金压铸工艺的研究

研究了压射比压、浇注温度、模具温度三个压铸工艺参数对ZA85镁合金显微组织、铸造性能和力学性能的影响,探明了其在冷室压铸条件下的最佳工艺,简单分析了压铸态组织,并成功的实现了镁合金汽车零件的试制。     

铝合金超低速压铸工艺参数对铸件性能的影响

应用具有不同浇道尺寸的简单圆形拉伸试样研究压铸工艺参数对ADC12铝合金超低速压铸件性能的影响,以优化超低速压铸工艺及其参数。试验结果表明,各种超低速压铸工艺条件下铸件的密度都比普通压铸高,影响铸件性能的主要因素不再是气孔,而是合金的凝固组织及飞溅凝固片和氧化夹杂等缺陷。在超低速实验条件下,浇道截面尺寸越大,对铸件性能影响越大,不同浇道尺寸对应有最佳浇道速度,在试验的三种浇道条件下,最佳浇道速度均低于0.6m/s;模具预热温度、浇注温度、铸造压力都有最佳值;在无增压条件下,仅采用较大的压射压力也可使铸件获得较好的力学性能。     

Comparison of mechanical properties of die cast aluminium alloys: cold v. hot chamber die casting and high v. low speed filling die casting

Abstract

In this paper, the mechanical properties of die cast aluminium alloys made by various die casting technologies were examined. To create high quality aluminium alloy die castings, two die casting processing technologies were employed. These were (a) ultra slow speed filling cold chamber die casting and (b) high speed hot chamber die casting. Significant improvements of the fatigue and mechanical properties were obtained for both die casting systems compared to the normal high speed cold chamber die casting technique. By comparing ultra slow die casting with hot chamber die casting, it was found that the fatigue and mechanical strengths from hot chamber die casting were higher than those for ultra slow filling die casting. The differences in material strength were attributed directly to the material properties, e.g. microstructural morphology and internal defects. Spherical fine dendritic cells in the hot chamber die casting sample gave rise to high fatigue crack growth resistance; the low crack growth resistance for cold chamber die cast aluminium is mostly due to the growth of aluminium rich α phase and the presence of eutectic silicon fibres. The fatigue strength was also related to the number of internal defects, e.g. the lower the defect rate on the fracture surface, the higher the fatigue resistance and mechanical strength. The characteristics of the principal internal defect were different depending on the die casting technology: this showed fine porosity for hot chamber die casting but solidification shrinkage and the scattered chill structure for slow and high speed cold chamber die castings. The reasons for the change of material strength were therefore influenced by the die casting process.     

Effects of process parameters on morphology and distribution of externally solidified crystals in microstructure of magnesium alloy die castings

During the cold-chamber high pressure die casting(HPDC) process, samples were produced to investigate the microstructure characteristics of AM60B magnesium alloy. Special attention was paid to the effects of process parameters on the morphology and distribution of externally solidified crystals(ESCs) in the microstructure of magnesium alloy die castings, such as slow shot phase plunger velocity, delay time of pouring and fast shot phase plunger velocity. On the basis of metallographic observation and quantitative statistics, it is concluded that a lower slow shot phase plunger velocity and a longer delay time of pouring both lead to an increment of the size and percentage of the ESCs, due to the fact that a longer holding time of the melt in the shot sleeve will cause a more severe loss of the superheat. The impingement of the melt flow on the ESCs is more intensive with a higher fast shot phase plunger velocity, in such case the ESCs reveal a more granular and roundish morphology and are dispersed throughout the cross section of the castings. Based on analysis of the filling and solidification processes of the melt during the HPDC process, reasonable explanations were proposed in terms of the nucleation, growth, remelting and fragmentation of the ESCs to interpret the effects of process parameters on the morphology and distribution of the ESCs in the microstructure of magnesium alloy die castings.     

Ce和Sr对压铸锌合金组织与力学性能的影响

研究了高压铸造条件下,富Ce稀土和Sr的添加对锌合金凝固组织与力学性能的影响.结果表明,在压铸条件下,富Ce稀土和Sr能优化压铸件微观组织,细化晶粒,抑止杂质元素的有害影响,使其力学性能得到提高.     

录音机芯飞轮压铸模设计改进

分析了录音机芯飞轮压铸模的原设计失败的原因,重新设计了用于冷室压铸机的中心浇口、浮动分流的压铸模。实践证明新模具工艺性好,铸件质量高。     

Al-6.5%Mg合金的半固态流变铸造及其性能

利用保温电磁搅拌制备半固态浆料,对Al-6.5%Mg合金的半固态流变铸造进行研究。实验中对该合金的常压铸造、液态压铸和半固态压铸所得铸件的显微组织、力学性能和拉伸断口进行分析比较。结果表明,常压铸造得到的Al-6.5%Mg合金组织为粗大的树枝晶,力学性能较低;与常压铸造相比,液态压铸件的树枝晶生长较为规则,枝晶得到细化,同时,液态压铸件的强度和塑性提高明显;半固态压铸的显微组织则为规则的球状晶,与液态压铸相比,半固态压铸件的强度略有提高,表现出更好的塑性。     

铸造镁合金金相腐蚀和观察方法研究

对铸态镁合金金相腐蚀和观察方法进行了研究,主要包括：传统腐蚀和观察方法、偏振光观察方法、以及提出的侧光观察方法。研究结果表明,传统腐蚀和观察方法仅能得到枝晶组织而难以分辨出晶粒度;偏振光观察方法适用于砂型、金属型和压铸件厚大部位的粗大晶粒的观察,但不适用于压铸件薄壁部位细小晶粒的观察,且试样腐蚀和偏振光使用需要一定技巧。基于一种新的腐蚀方法,提出了侧光观察方法,可以快捷清晰地显现镁合金的枝晶组织和晶粒度,既避免了固溶处理过程,又不会造成树枝晶和第二相形貌的改变。     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of melt-conditioned high-pressure die-cast Mg-Al-Ca alloy

A new shape casting process, melt-conditioned high-pressure die-casting （MC-HPDC） was developed. In this process, liquid metal was conditioned under intensively forced convection provided by melt conditioning with advanced shear technology （MCAST） unit before being transferred to a conventional cold chamber high-pressure die-casting （HPDC） machine for shape casting. The effect of melt conditioning was investigated, which was carried out both above and below the liquidus of the alloy, on the microstructure and properties of a Mg-Al-Ca alloy （AZ91D＋2%Ca （mass fraction）, named as AZX912）. The results show that many coarse externally-solidified crystals （ESCs） can be observed in the centre of conventional HPDC samples, and hot tearing occurs at the inter-dendritic region because of the lack of feeding. With the melting conditioning, the MC-HPDC samples not only have considerably refined size of ESCs but also have significantly reduced cast defects, thus provide superior mechanical properties to conventional HPDC castings. The solidification behaviour of the alloy under different processing routes was also discussed.     

Effects of fine WC particle size on the microstructure and mechanical properties of WC-8Co cemented carbides with dual-scale and dual-morphology WC grains

Dual-scale and dual-morphology WC grained WC-8Co cemented carbides comprising triangular or hexagonal fine WC grains and plate-like coarse WC grains were synthesized by vacuum sintering using Co, flaky graphite, WC, and coarse W as the starting materials. The effects of fine WC particle sizes on microstructure, relative densities, and mechanical properties of the dual-scale and dual-morphology WC grained cemented carbides were investigated. The results revealed that the growth of plate-like coarse WC grains was further promoted with the decrease in the particle size of the added fine WC; hence, their aspect ratio increased. In addition, added fine WC led to the separation of plate-like coarse WC grains so as to break their oriented arrangement and prevent their face contact; hence, plate-like coarse WC grains were completely covered by the Co binder phase. Moreover, the addition of smaller particle size of fine WC contributed to more uniform Co binder phase. When 0.4-μm WC powders was added, the aspect ratio of plate-like coarse WC grains was greater than that of plate-like WC grained cemented carbides without the addition of fine WC. The dual-scale and dual-morphology WC grained cemented carbides by adding 0.4-μm fine WC exhibited good comprehensive mechanical properties, with a transverse rupture strength of 3645 MPa, a Rockwell hardness of 91.5 HRA, and a fracture toughness of 12.3 MPa∙m^1/2.     

基于实体模型的压铸模浇注系统CAD

作者根据压铸工艺理论及模具设计特点并综合多方的实际经验，利用Ａｕｔｏ－ＣＡＤ１２．０的ＡＤＳ编程环境，用Ｃ语言和三维实体模型开发了适用于冷、热压室压铸机的压铸模浇注系统ＣＡＤ软件。该软件由浇注系统设计和数据库两部分组成。既是整个压铸模ＣＡＤ系统的一个功能模块，又可作为一个独立的应用软件运行。     

XTEM STUDY ON ION PLATED STAINLESS STEEL MULTI LAYER FILMS

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压力对ADC12铝合金超低速压铸件组织及力学性能的影响

采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、X射线衍射和能谱等显微分析技术,结合力学性能检测,研究超低速压铸条件下压力对ADC12铝合金铸件组织及力学性能的影响。试验结果表明,在超低速试验条件下,持压时间越长、增压延时时间越短,铸件性能越好;铸造压力导致初生α-相形态发生变化,但铸造压力有最佳值,压力较小时,增大铸造压力可使α-相细化,铸件性能升高,过大的铸造压力将导致α-相粗大,使铸件性能下降;在无增压条件下,仅采用较大的压射压力也可使α-相组织细小,获得较好的力学性能。     

Defect band formation in high pressure die casting AE44 magnesium alloy

The characteristics of defect bands in the microstructure of high pressure die casting (HPDC) AE44 magnesium alloy were investigated. Special attention was paid to the effects of process parameters during the HPDC process and casting structure on the distribution of defect bands. Results show that the defect bands are solute segregation bands with the enrichment of Al, Ce and La elements, which are basically in the form of Al₁₁RE₃ phase. There is no obvious aggregation of porosities in the defect bands. The width of the inner defect band is 4–8 times larger than that of the outer one. The variation trends of the distribution of the inner and outer defect bands are not consistent under different process parameters and at different locations of castings. This is due to the discrepancy between the formation mechanisms of double defect bands. The filling and solidification behavior of the melt near the chilling layer is very complicated, which finally leads to a fluctuation of the width and location of the outer defect band. By affecting the content and aggregation degree of externally solidified crystals (ESCs) in the cross section of die castings, the process parameters and casting structure have a great influence on the distribution of the inner defect band.

     

浮动分流器中心浇口压铸模设计

简述了在卧式冷室压铸机上使用的中心浇口压铸模的结构特点,着重介绍了1种利用弹簧使分流器浮动的中心浇口模具结构,该模具结构紧凑,对比其它中心浇口模具结构,具有一定的优势。