Application of Muskingum routing method with variable parameters in ungauged basin

This paper describes a flood routing method applied in an ungauged basin, utilizing the Muskingum model with variable parameters of wave travel time K and weight coefficient of discharge x based on the physical characteristics of the river reach and flood, including the reach slope, length, width, and flood discharge. Three formulas for estimating parameters of wide rectangular, triangular, and parabolic cross sections are proposed. The influence of the flood on channel flow routing parameters is taken into account. The HEC-HMS hydrological model and the geospatial hydrologic analysis module HEC-GeoHMS were used to extract channel or watershed characteristics and to divide sub-basins. In addition, the initial and constant-rate method, user synthetic unit hydrograph method, and exponential recession method were used to estimate runoff volumes, the direct runoff hydrograph, and the baseflow hydrograph, respectively. The Muskingum model with variable parameters was then applied in the Louzigou Basin in Henan Province of China,and of the results, the percentages of flood events with a relative error of peak discharge less than 20% and runoff volume less than 10% are both 100%. They also show that the percentages of flood events with coefficients of determination greater than 0.8 are 83.33%, 91.67%, and 87.5%,respectively, for rectangular, triangular, and parabolic cross sections in 24 flood events. Therefore,this method is applicable to ungauged basins.     

基于LUCC的秦淮河流域暴雨洪水响应分析

利用CA-Markov模型预测流域2028年土地利用情况,设置3种土地利用情景(自然发展情景、林地限制情景、水田限制情景),建立研究区HEC-HMS水文模型,研究秦淮河流域高速城市化背景下土地利用变化的暴雨洪水响应机制。结果表明①HEC-HMS模型适用于研究区洪水模拟及不同土地利用情景下的洪水响应研究;②洪水规模越小,对土地利用变化的洪水响应越强;③随着流域城市化的演进,土地利用对暴雨洪水的影响程度呈增大趋势,其中自然发展情景下的增加程度最大,水田限制情景次之,林地限制情景最低。研究成果为秦淮河流域LUCC的暴雨洪水响应分析提供了新的思路,也对流域防洪规划与建设有一定的指导意义。     

参数变化对HEC-HMS模型流域洪水模拟结果的影响

为分析圩院式防洪模式对流域防洪的影响,以秦淮河流域为研究区,构建HEC-HMS水文模拟模型,分析不透水率、允许水深、排涝模数的变化对流域洪峰和洪量模拟结果的影响。研究结果表明:随着流域不透水率从20%增大至70%时,圩垸式防洪模式下流域洪量和洪峰均呈现增大趋势;当圩垸允许水深增大时,圩垸式防洪模式下流域洪量呈递减趋势,而流域洪峰呈递增趋势;随着排涝模数的降低,流域的洪峰和洪量呈递减趋势。研究成果对秦淮河流域及相似流域的HEC-HMS模型洪水模拟及参数设置具有借鉴和指导意义。     

FFMS模型与HEC-HMS模型在暴雨洪水预报中的应用比较

针对小流域暴雨洪水预报难的问题,利用模块化小流域暴雨洪水预报FFMS(Flash Flood Modul Simulation System)模型和HEC-HMS(Hydrologic Engineering Center Hydrological Model System)模型,以河南栾川、韩城及辽宁郝家店、梨庇峪4...     

Predicting Peak Flows in Real Time through Event Based Hydrologic Modeling for a Trans-Boundary River Catchment

Investigating the hydrological response of an area to adverse climate changes and extreme rainfall events is crucial for managing land and water resources and mitigating the natural hazards like floods. Limited availability of the in situ data, especially in case of Transboundary Rivers, further highlights the need to develop and evaluate decision support systems which may predict the flows in real time using open source rainfall data. This paper presents the study conducted in Chenab River catchment, Pakistan, to develop and evaluate a hydrologic model using HEC-HMS for predicting flows based on TRMM rainfall data. The catchment was analyzed for hydro-morphological properties using SRTM DEM in HEC-GeoHMS. To rely on open source data as much as possible, digital soil map of the world developed by FAO and global land cover map developed by European Space Agency were utilized to compute Curve Number grid data for the catchment. These preliminary data analyses were employed to set initial values of different parameters to be used for model calibration. The model was calibrated for five rainfall events occurred in the rainy seasons of 2006, 2010 and 2013. The calibrated model was then validated for four other rainfall events of similar type in the same years. Consistency in simulated and observed flows was found with percent difference in volume ranging from ?6.17 % to 5.47 % and percent difference in peak flows to be in the range of 6.96 % to 7.28 %. Values of Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency were ranging from 0.299 to 0.909 with an average value of 0.586 for all flow events. The model was found well capable of capturing the hydrologic response of the catchment due to rainfall events and can be helpful in providing alerts of peak flows in real time based on real time/forecasted rainfall data.     

Runoff characteristics and application of HEC-HMS for modelling stormflow hydrograph in an oil palm catchment.

Rainfall-runoff processes in a small oil palm catchment (8.2 ha) in Johor, Malaysia were examined. Storm hydrographs show rapid responses to rainfall with a short time to peak. The estimated initial hydrologic loss for the oil palm catchment is 5 mm. Despite the low initial loss, the catchment exhibits a high proportion of baseflow, approximately 54% of the total runoff. On an event basis, the stormflow response factor and runoff coefficient ranges from 0.003 to 0.21, and 0.02 to 0.44, respectively. Peakflow and stormflow volume were moderately correlated with rainfall. The hydrographs were satisfactorily modelled using the Hydrologic Engineering Centre-Hydrologic Modelling System (HEC-HMS). The efficiency indexes of the calibration and validation exercises are 0.81 and 0.82, respectively. Based on these preliminary findings, it could be suggested that an oil palm plantation would be able to serve reasonably well in regulating basic hydrological functions.     

HEC-HMS模型在南水北调东线水资源调度中的应用

介绍了HEC-HMS水文模型系统，利用HEC—GeoHMS模块，由数字高程模型（DEM）生成洪泽湖、骆马湖、南四湖及东平湖上游数字流域，并对每个流域进行降雨径流模拟，模型考虑了流域内水利工程及河道取水的影响。结果表明：HEC-HMS模型应用方便，对南水北调东线沿线地区有较好的适用性，计算结果和观测入湖流量有较好的拟合，能为东线工程的水资源调度决策提供区间来水模拟预报。     

Modelling Rainfall Runoff Relations Using HEC-HMS and IHACRES for a Single Rain Event in an Arid Region of Jordan

The HEC-HMS and IHACRES rainfall runoff models were applied to simulate a single streamflow event in Wadi Dhuliel arid catchment that occurred on 30–31/01/2008. Streamflow estimation was performed on the basis of an hourly scale. The aim of this study was to develop a new framework of rainfall-runoff model applications in arid catchments by integrating a re-adjusted satellite-derived rainfall dataset (GSMaP_MVK+) to determine the location of the rainfall storm. The HEC-HMS model was applied using the HEC-GeoHMS extension in ArcView 3.3 while the IHACRES is Java-based version model. The HEC-HMS model input data include soil type, land use/land cover, and slope. By contrast, the lumped model IHACRES was also applied, based on hourly rainfall and temperature data. Both models were calibrated and validated using the observed streamflow data set collected at Al-Za’atari discharge station. The performance of IHACRES showed some weaknesses, while the flow comparison between the calibrated streamflow results fits well with the observed streamflow data in HEC-HMS. The Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (E_f) for the two models was 0.51 and 0.88 respectively.     

Optimizing the Runoff Estimation with HEC-HMS Model Using Spatial Evapotranspiration by the SEBS Model

Most of the commonly used hydrological models do not account for the actual evapotranspiration (ETa) as a key contributor to water loss in semi-arid/arid regions. In this study, the HEC-HMS (Hydrologic Engineering Center Hydrologic Modeling System) model was calibrated, modified, and its performance in simulating runoff resulting from short-duration rainfall events was evaluated. The model modifications included integrating spatially distributed ETa, calculated using the surface energy balance system (SEBS), into the model. Evaluating the model’s performance in simulating runoff showed that the default HEC-HMS model underestimated the runoff with root mean squared error (RMSE) of 0.14 m³/s (R²?=?0.92) while incorporating SEBS ETa into the model reduced RMSE to 0.01 m³/s (R²?=?0.99). The integration of HECHMS and SEBS resulted in smaller and more realistic latent heat flux estimates translated into a lower water loss rate and a higher magnitude of runoff simulated by the HECHMS model. The difference between runoff simulations using the default and modified model translated into an average of 95,000 m³ runoff per rainfall event (equal to seasonal water requirement of ten-hectare winter wheat) that could be planned and triggered for agricultural purposes, flood harvesting, and groundwater recharge in the region. The effect of ETa on the simulated runoff volume is expected to be more pronounced during high evaporative demand periods, longer rainfall events, and larger catchments. The outcome of this study signifies the importance of implementing accurate estimates of evapotranspiration into a hydrological model.

     

西南地区部分河流洪峰流量随集水面积变化关系

设计洪水是水利水电工程设计的重要参数, 对于无实测水文资料的设计断面设计洪水计算通常会移用其上下 游或邻近流域的水文站设计洪水成果。通过水文推理公式对设计洪峰流量与集水面积的变化关系进行推导分析, 再通过西南地区不同流域的众多实测设计洪水成果进行统计分析, 归纳总结了西南地区洪峰流量随集水面积的变 化关系及其变化规律。     

Quantitative comparison of semi- and fully-distributed hydrologic models in simulating flood hydrographs on a mountain watershed in southwest China

To investigate the performance of fully- and semi-distributed hydrologic models in simulating the process of transformation from rainfall to runoff in mountain areas, the fully-distributed models Basin Pollution Calculation Center （BPCC） and HEC- HMS are calibrated for the Zhenjiangguan watershed located in the upper stream of Minjiang River Southwest China using streamflow observations at the basin outlet. Semi-automatical optimization method is implemented to both models to improve simulated resuits by removing artificial errors. Based on the consistency of the simulated hydrographs with the observed ones, the statistical coefficients such as the relative error, the probability distribution and the correlation coefficient, are further introduced to evaluate quantitatively the performance of the two models. Analyses indicate that the hydrographs simulated by the BPCC are relatively closer to the observed ones than those simulated by the HEC-HMS in view of the spatial heterogeneity in terrain, soil texture, land cover and meteorological conditions in mountain areas.     

多维混合回归系统水文预报模型及其应用

多维混合回归系统模型是将回归与自回归结合起来的综合模型。根据浏渭河流域水文特性建立梨水文站洪峰水位多维混合回归系统预报模型 ,经检验评定 ,效果良好。     

HEC-HMS水文模型在大渡河流域的应用研究

HEC-HMS模型是一个具有半物理机制的半分布式降雨径流模拟模型,在洪水分析和洪水预报中具有广泛的应用。以大渡河流域上游为例,结合流域实测水文气象资料,构建了流域的HEC-HMS模型,基于Morris筛选法确定了模型敏感性参数为CN、初损、滞时以及峰值系数。通过大渡河上游的7场洪水过程对该模型进行了率定验证,结果表明纳什效率系数均在0. 72~0. 88之间,洪峰流量相对误差均小于14. 4%。分析表明该模型在大渡河流域洪水模拟中有较好的适用性。     

南流江合浦城区河段防洪设计洪水分析

通过南流江干流各水文站基本资料统计分析,对历史洪水调查、文献资料考证及洪水成因和特性了解,利用常乐水文站、文利站实测水位流量资料推算常乐水文站、周江口设计洪水成果,根据河道实测断面和常乐水文站设计洪峰流量相应水位,推算总江口~常乐站水面线,并分析计算防洪设计洪水及成果合理性论证,为合浦城区防洪工程设计提供可靠依据。     

大尺度分布式水文模型VIC在嘉陵江流域径流模拟中的应用

大尺度分布式流域水文模型是目前评价流域环境变化的重要工具,以嘉陵江流域为研究对象,构建了嘉陵江流域大尺度分布式VIC模型(Variable Infiltration Capacity,VIC model),利用Maryland大学的全球1 km×1 km土地覆盖数据,同时参考LDAS(Land Data Assimilation System)成果,建立了嘉陵江流域VIC模型的参数库,通过4个水文站以上流域的水文模拟试验,结果表明建立的VIC模型能有效地模拟嘉陵江流域各典型站的日、月径流过程,模拟的水量平衡误差在5%以内,日径流过程模拟的确定性系数均在70%以上,月径流过程模拟的确定性系数超过90%。该模型可以用来分析环境变化对嘉陵江流域水资源及洪水过程的影响。     

柏叶口水库洪水预报方案

根据柏叶口水库所在流域特点选择适合的水文模型与产汇流模型,并论述了应如何选定洪水预报方案及如何率定模型的参数。     

新安江模型和改进BP神经网络模型在闽江水文预报中的应用

精确的水文预报是防洪减灾中重要的非工程措施,水文模型是开展水文预报最有力的工具。采用LM算法改进了的BP神经网络水文预报模型,以闽江富屯溪流域为例,进行了BP模型和新安江模型在日流量模拟预报中的应用比较。结果表明:两个模型总体均达到水文预报的精度要求,水文预报合格率可达到90%以上;新安江模型在丰水年模拟效果较好,相比而言,BP神经网络模型的模拟精度更高一些;两个模型均可用于闽江流域的水文预报研究。     

Coupling GIS with Hydrologic and Hydraulic Flood Modelling

Geographic Information Systems (GIS) have been recognised as a powerful means to integrate and analyse data from various sources in the context of comprehensive floodplain management. As part of this comprehensive approach to floodplain management, it is very important to be able to predict the consequences of different scenarios in terms of flooded areas and associated risk. Hydrologic and hydraulic modelling plays a crucial role and there is much to gain in incorporating these modelling capabilities in GIS. This is still a rather complex task and research is being done on the full integration of these models. Interfacing between these models and GIS may be a very efficient way of overcoming the difficulties and getting very good results in terms of engineering practice. This paper presents results based on the use of Intergraph GIS coupled with Idrisi GIS. Using these two systems substantially increased the flexibility of using GIS as a tool for flood studies. A lumped (XSRAIN) and a distributed (OMEGA) hydrologic models were used to simulate flood hydrographs. The well known HEC-2 Hydraulic model was used to compute flooded areas. These models were applied in the Livramento catchment with very good results. The computation of flooded areas for different flood scenarios, and its representation in GIS, can be used in the assessment of affected property and associated damages. This is a very useful GIS-based approach to floodplain management.     

Global analysis of sensitivity of bioretention cell design elements to hydrologic performance

Analysis of sensitivity of bioretention cell design elements to their hydrologic performances is meaningful in offering theoretical guidelines for proper design. Hydrologic performance of bioretention cells was facilitated with consideration of four metrics: the overflow ratio, groundwater recharge ratio, ponding time, and runoff coefficients. The storm water management model (SWMM) and the bioretention infiltration model RECARGA were applied to generating runoff and outflow time series for calculation of hydrologic performance metrics. Using a parking lot to build a bioretention cell, as an example, the Morris method was used to conduct global sensitivity analysis for two groups of bioretention samples, one without underdrain and the other with underdrain. Results show that the surface area is the most sensitive element to most of the hydrologic metrics, while the gravel depth is the least sensitive element whether bioretention cells are installed with underdrain or not. The saturated infiltration rate of planting soil and the saturated infiltration rate of native soil are the other two most sensitive elements for bioretention cells without underdrain, while the saturated infiltration rate of native soil and underdrain size are the two most sensitive design elements for bioretention cells with underdrain.