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1.
结合前人的研究成果、相关最新统计资料以及有关专家的意见综合衡量,通过实地调查和论证,基于水源地岸线适宜性分析的目的,选择确定了岸线稳定性、岸前水深、流速、岸线利用情况等4大判定因素,制定了岸线评价的基本程序和主要步骤。通过运用GIS、统计分析、综合分析等定量、定性方法,完成了研究区域4大因素的评价。基于简化的层次分析法(AHP法),对长江南京段岸线进行水源地适宜性评价,给出了初步的定量评价结果。  相似文献   

2.
系统总结了岸滤系统内的污染物,阐明岸滤系统对典型污染物的去除效能,综述岸滤系统对不同种类污染物的去除机制(降解去除有机污染物机制、迁移转化去除无机污染物机制以及自然过滤去除微生物病原体机制)、影响因素及去除技术,展望未来岸滤系统典型污染物的研究方向。  相似文献   

3.
基于层次分析法的河湖滨岸缓冲带宽度适宜性评价   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
在分析河湖滨岸缓冲带宽度确定影响因素的基础上,构建湖滨岸缓冲带宽度适宜性评价指标体系。以南京牛首山河河滨缓冲带为例,运用层次分析法确定各层次评价指标的权重。最后运用距离指数-层次分析综合法对其宽度的适宜性进行评价。结果表明,牛首山河河滨缓冲带的宽度是适宜的。  相似文献   

4.
大沙河护岸生态效果的数值模拟   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
利用River2D软件模拟了大连市大沙河多孔栖息单元式生态护岸修建后的水流状况和鱼类栖息地条件。为了选定护岸铺设的位置,以便达到最佳的河流恢复效果,把护岸铺设分为4种方案:方案一维持原貌,不铺设护岸;方案二在整个河段沿岸修建护岸;方案三在需要保护的地方修建河流护底;方案四护岸与护底同时修筑。对比了4种方案下鲤鱼流速适宜指数和河段权重可利用面积,指出了在不同流量下的护岸最佳铺设方式。结果表明利用软件进行数值模拟的方法可以弥补室内实验方法和实地观测方法的不足。  相似文献   

5.
This paper presents major findings from a recent study aiming to systematically determine suitable river sections for local domestic water supply along the Yangtze River in Jiangsu Province, China. On the basis of analysis on the current riverbank utilization and bank stability, accessible and stable river sections in the region were selected. The water quality in these river sections was then studied using a two-dimensional unsteady flow and pollutant transport/transformation model, RBFVM-2D. The model was calibrated and verified against the hydrodynamic data, water quality data and remote sensing data collected from the river. The investigation on the pollution sources along the river identified 56 main pollution point sources. The pollution zones downstream of these point sources are the main threat for the water quality in the river. The model was used to compute the pollution zones. In particular, simulations were conducted to establish the relationship between the extent of the pollution zone and the wastewater discharge rate of the associated point source. These water quality simulation results were combined with the riverbank stability analysis to determine suitable river sections for local domestic water supply.  相似文献   

6.
    
The main objective of this paper is to introduce a novel coupled method for simulating the fluvial erosion, cantilever failure and bedload sediment transport to describe the overhanging properties of experimental banks and natural riverbanks. For fluvial erosion results, the previous relationships between the critical shear stress, and the erodibility coefficient indicated that they do not follow the values of the experimental works and the U-Tapao River, Thailand. Therefore, it is necessary to determine these relationships locally. The cantilever failure results revealed that the dominant failure mechanism of the experimental works is beam-type failure, while shear-type failure is the dominant failure in the U-Tapao River. Finally, a numerical model was developed based on a triple-grid approach to simulate the behaviour of a cantilever within the framework of fluvial erosion, cantilever failure, and bedload transportation. The simulated results showed good agreement with experimental results, and the U-Tapoa River in terms of the temporal variations of spatially averaged bank width, dominant failure mechanism, and overhanging block dimensions.  相似文献   

7.
河岸土体的物理及力学特性是影响崩岸过程的主要因素之一。为研究土体含水率对荆江河岸土体力学特性的影响,于2017年对荆江8个典型崩岸断面进行调查取样,采用实测资料分析、室内土工试验和理论分析相结合的方法,全面地分析了荆江河岸土体组成及力学特性;并结合2016年实测数据定量研究了含水率对荆江河岸黏性土体抗剪强度指标的影响,以及含水率变化对河岸稳定性的影响。结果表明:荆江河岸为上部黏性土、下部非黏性土的二元结构;随含水率的增大,黏聚力先增大后减小,而内摩擦角持续减小;通常黏粒含量越大,其黏聚力峰值越大;含水率与抗剪强度指标存在定量关系;河岸在枯水期稳定性较高,在涨水期较为稳定,在洪水期和退水期稳定性较差。研究结果可供河岸崩岸治理工程技术人员参考。  相似文献   

8.
    
Ecological revetment for slope protection in urban rivers requires consideration of economic and ecological aspects and also of social aspects including recreation. Taking the Hunhe River as an example, our study established an evaluation system and a decision‐making method for evaluating and prioritizing the eco‐revetment projects. The Delphi method was used for collecting the opinions of experts, which include the relative importance of the indicators and the relative preference of the alternatives. The former was surveyed by pair comparison and processed applied analytic hierarchy process (AHP). The latter was described via linguistic variables, which need to be changed into the quantitative values for TOPSIS analysis. For that reason, we introduced the fuzzy set theory and established a fuzzy multi‐attribute decision‐making method based on TOPSIS to assess and prioritize the projects. The evaluation system includes economic, social, environment and ecological several aspects totalling eight indicators. The evaluating and prioritizing result of the projects shows that the three‐dimensional vegetation net is the best slope protection measures in the study area. The sensitivity analyses of indicator weights and different calculation methods were performed to demonstrate the reliability of the results. The sensitivity analyses indicate that construction cost and maintenance cost are dominant factors during the alternatives prioritization. The distance calculation method and normalization technique are insensitive to the prioritization results. The methodology proposed by this paper offers an effective and feasible tool for managers to evaluate and choose the optimal engineering measures of riverbank protection. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

9.
湖北汉江梯级水库群联合优化调度研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
湖北汉江流域已形成大规模梯级水库群,为了充分发挥梯级水库群联合补偿调节的优势,实现水电站最优经济运行,本文对湖北汉江流域水电站群运行特性进行分析研究。考虑各电站之间的水力和电力联系,在常规调度图模拟及传统优化调度的基础上,采用基于GAMS平台的非线性规划法以及基于可行空间搜索遗传算法,制定复杂混联水库群的发电优化调度规则。优化效果显著,充分体现水库群优化调度作用,为湖北汉江梯级水电站水库群的实际调度提供最佳的指导和方案。  相似文献   

10.
文中针对坪上水库坝址的选择,首先阐述了其选择的历程,随后分析论证了河段及坝址的选择,提出了两种坝址方案,并对其进行了比较,最终确定下坝址方案为推荐方案。  相似文献   

11.
活动断裂附近地质条件复杂,在其附近进行新城镇选址时必须明确活动断裂对场地和建筑可能带来的不利影响。以金沙江乌东德水电站库区移民集镇选址为例,依照规范要求,综合地质调查、物探、勘探等手段,查明了元谋活动断裂的分布及特征;对其可能产生的震害类型及程度进行了分析;结合地质条件对规划场地工程建设的适宜性进行了分区;明确了活动断裂对场地和建筑物的影响,为合理设防、规避震害奠定了基础。可为类似新建城镇选址规划提供借鉴。  相似文献   

12.
排体护岸工程的铺排施工   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
排体护岸是崩岸整治工程中的一项有效措施,而铺排是排体护岸工程施工的关键。结合不同的铺排船,就不同的铺排方法进行了分类,并指出铺排施工中值得重视的若干环节,从而使不同的排体护岸工程在不同的条件下,可以进行合理、高效的铺排施工。  相似文献   

13.
崩岸整治工程的监测工作包括施工质量监督与工程稳定性判断两方面。结合崩岸整治工程实例,着重讨论了护岸工程的位移、孔隙水压力、岸脚水下地形的监测与分析,可为崩岸整治工程的稳定性判断及工程运行、维护管理等提供重要依据。  相似文献   

14.
为探究长江深水航道整治工程生态护岸的植被恢复效果,选取立体网状栅格护岸和格状石笼压载植生垫新型生态护岸及传统抛石护岸工程,运用数量生态学研究方法开展工程区陆生植物群落恢复及分布格局调查。研究结果表明:研究区共有植物19种,以草本植物为主,隶属于12科19属;生态护岸工程区植物种类数量高于传统抛石护岸;沿着河岸带横向梯度,立体网状栅格护岸的生物多样性增大,抛石护岸生物多样性变化较大,格状石笼压载植生垫护岸具有较高的生物多样性;生态护岸工程区植物群落的生物量高于传统抛石护岸区,且生物量和沉积物NH+4-N含量显著正相关(p<0.01);CCA分析表明沉积物中TC和NH+4-N含量对植物群落及物种分布影响较大。综合来看,格状石笼压载植生垫护岸植被恢复效果最好,立体网状栅格护岸次之,传统抛石护岸相对较差;研究区生态护岸的植被恢复还处于动态演替过程,其生态效应有待于长期深入研究。  相似文献   

15.
关于兴建江汉排洪通道缓解长江和汉江洪水的设想   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
周建军  林秉南  张仁 《水利学报》2000,31(11):0084-0089
本文建议在长江的江陵和汉江的新城间修建一条排洪通道,利用三峡、丹江口水库的防洪库容,汉江下游和长江中游的行洪能力联合调度,缓解长江中游(特别是洞庭湖以下地区)和汉江下游的特大洪水。排洪通道长度大约60km,在江汉洪水可以错开时或利用丹江口水库调节,长江最大可以向汉江分流8000~9000m3/s。长江洪水经过排洪通道在汉口重新汇入长江,但其距离较长江水道短170km(原路长500km),可以使分洪洪峰提前通过汉口,减小汉口的最大流量。同时,在汉江发生特大洪水时,也可以通过三峡水库的控制,使之向长江分洪,减轻汉江下游洪水压力。这一工程的线路与规划中的南水北调中线配套工程“引江济汉工程”完全一致,所以它还可兼向汉江下游补给水资源、增加枯水期航运流量的任务。同时,它对荆北四湖地区防洪、防涝和增加水资源也有重要的作用。  相似文献   

16.
以长江中游宜昌段、武汉段和黄石段3个监测断面为研究对象,选取农业渔业、工业生产、港口物流、过江交通和城镇生活共5种典型开发类型岸线,鉴别了不同开发类型岸线水域主要污染物种类,同时解析了其时空分布状况.结果 表明,依据《地表水环境质量标准》(GB 3838-2002)和《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006),...  相似文献   

17.
王治强 《中国水利》2006,(15):40-41,55
针对长江荆江河段和汉水下游特定的自然地理环境,以及防洪能力较低、易遭受洪水灾害等特点.对洪水进行了分析。同时,从防洪、工程治理和调度应用,充分发挥现有水利设施效益亟待解决的问题出发.提出了相应的防洪对策。  相似文献   

18.
危险性废物场址的选择是一项十分复杂的系统工程,其影响因素具有信息不完全性、不确定性以及模糊性特点。以成都市为例,考虑地质构造、地理因素、地层岩性、水文地质条件、地表水系、地质灾害分布等因素,构建了多层次多目标方案优选评价指标体系;运用模糊数学综合评判改进模型对拟建成都市危险废物处置中心场址选择进行分析研究。结果表明,采用模糊数学改进模型进行废弃物场址选择的方法科学实用、操作简便,具有一定实际应用价值,可为相关工程提供借鉴。  相似文献   

19.
    
Water quality plays a vital role in the sustenance of aquatic life, including fish. Therefore, an inclusive understanding of water quality parameters can be considered an essential step in framing the conservation and management strategy of an aquatic ecosystem. This study examines the habitat suitability of a conservation-significant fish, the Tor putitora, and two associated fishes, the Labeo dyocheilus and the Garra gotyla, in relation to the water quality parameters of the Kosi River. Four crucial water quality parameters, water temperature, dissolved oxygen, electrical conductivity, and pH, were included in the QUAL2K modeling. Furthermore, hydrological processes were modeled using the soil and water assessment tool, and flow was used as an input in the QUAL2K model. The simulated water quality was correlated with fish habitat and analyzed through the analytical hierarchical process (AHP). Results suggested that the habitats of the Kosi were more suitable in the post-monsoon rather than pre-monsoon. Tor putitora, the flagship species of the Kosi, preferred the river habitats with a lower water temperature and higher dissolved oxygen for spawning. Thus, we recommend securing such habitats and managing them in collaboration with local communities for the long-term conservation of this endangered Himalayan species.  相似文献   

20.
基于模糊逻辑的裂腹鱼幼鱼生境适宜度指数分析   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3       下载免费PDF全文
通过模糊逻辑的方法建立了雅砻江裂腹鱼幼鱼时期的生境适宜度指数模型。根据野外调查和室内实验结果,结合有经验的鱼类学专家的模糊知识建立了关于生境因子和幼鱼生境适宜度模糊集合的隶属度函数和模糊推理规则。模糊集合根据水温、流速和溶解氧3个变量因子,以“if-then”的规则语句实现了生境特性和适宜度的联系。根据模型分析,得出溶解氧是裂腹鱼幼鱼重要的生境因子,其次是温度和流速。单因子变化引起的相对极端环境对鱼类适宜度有显著影响。裂腹鱼对水温、溶解氧和流速的最适范围分别为11 ℃~19 ℃,5.75~10 mg/L和0.1~0.65 m/s。  相似文献   

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