助溶剂/糠醛二次抽出油的研制

在糠醛中加入助溶剂(醇类复合溶剂),对纯糠醛减三线浅度一次抽出油进行二次抽提(中试),研究二次抽提的优化条件。结果表明:二次抽提优化条件为助溶剂质量分数0.02,抽提温度55℃,剂(糠醛和助溶剂)/油(一次抽出油)质量比1.6,停留时间50 min;在优化条件下制备的二次抽出油芳碳率和收率较大,苯并[a]芘和8种多环芳烃含量较小。助溶剂/糠醛二次抽出油可用作环保型芳烃橡胶油。     

润滑油抽出油糠醛精制生产橡胶填充油的研究

以糠醛为溶剂对大庆石化减四线糠醛抽出油进行再抽提。考察了抽提温度和剂油体积比对橡胶填充油的质量和收率的影响。研究结果表明,最佳操作条件:抽提温度70℃,剂油体积比3.0。在此条件下,产品收率为58.6%,芳香烃组分的质量分数为76.8%,符合某些企业橡胶填充油的使用标准。     

糠醛精制脱除克拉玛依减四线抽出油中多环芳烃的研究

以糠醛为溶剂,对克拉玛依减四线糠醛精制抽出油进行单级抽提试验,降低其中多环芳烃含量以生产橡胶填充油。在抽提时间20min,沉降时间20min的条件下,考察了剂油比和抽提温度对精制效果的影响,结果表明:随剂油比和抽提温度增加,精制油的多环芳烃含量、折光率及精制油收率均下降。当抽提温度60℃,剂油比3.5∶1,精制油的质量较好,在此条件下进行假三段试验,精制油中多环芳烃含量为0.6%,折光率为1.5120。     

糠醛抽出油制取橡胶填充油的研究

为了研制符合一定标准的橡胶填充油,以糠醛为溶剂对大庆石化减二线糠醛抽出油进行再抽提。本研究采用单级抽提方法进行了一系列条件实验,考察研制橡胶填充油的应用可行性。主要考察了抽提温度和剂油比对橡胶填充油的质量和收率的影响。研究结果表明：当剂油比一定时,随着温度的升高,产品收率上升,芳香烃含量下降;当温度一定时,随着剂油比增大,产品收率先上升后下降,芳香烃含量先上升后下降。综合考虑产品的质量和收率,本实验范围内较适宜的操作条件为：抽提温度60℃,质量剂油比2.0。在此条件下,产品收率为52.3%,芳香烃组分的含量为80.6%,符合某些企业橡胶填充油的使用标准。     

减四线抽出油生产环保橡胶填充油的试验研究

以糠醛为溶剂对克拉玛依减四线糠醛抽出油进行再抽提以生产多环芳烃质量分数符合要求的橡胶填充油。采用单因素试验方法考察剂油质量比、抽提温度、抽提时间及沉降时间对精制油收率及多环芳烃质量分数的影响。运用数学优化方法确定了最佳操作条件,并采用假二段串联模拟试验进行验证。研究结果表明:在剂油质量比为1.9∶1,抽提塔顶温度为60℃,塔底温度为50℃的操作条件下,精制油的收率为46.5%,多环芳烃质量分数为2.82%,CA值为19.2%,可以作为环保型芳烃橡胶填充油。     

催化裂化油浆糠醛精制工艺研究

以大庆石化总厂催化裂化油浆为原料,糠醛作为分离溶剂,可以有效地将油浆的可裂化组分与稠环芳烃分离。实验考察了抽提温度,质量剂油比和停留时间对精制效果的影响。结果表明,在抽提温度为60℃,溶剂比为2:1,停留时间30min时,油浆的分离效果较好。产品中精制油饱和烃的含量高达80%,具有良好的催化裂化性能,抽出油可作为芳香型橡胶填充油的调和组分。     

一种高芳环保橡胶油的生产方法

正由中国石油大学(华东)申请的专利(公开号CN 104694157A,公开日期2015-06-10)"一种高芳环保橡胶油的生产方法",提供了一种采用溶剂抽提生产高芳环保橡胶油的方法:先将溶剂(糠醛、N-甲基吡咯烷酮和苯酚中的一种)与抽出油(馏程350~600℃范围内的润滑油精制过程产生的抽出油)按一定质量比在50~90℃下混合,然后在20~60℃下静置一定时间,析出两层,取上层析出液进行溶剂抽提,剂油质量比为0.3~2.0,抽提温度为40~90℃,抽余液经回收溶剂后即可作     

萃取法脱除催化裂化柴油中的酸性硫化物

简单地介绍了酸性硫化物存在形式及其危害。主要研究了以糠醛为溶剂脱除催化裂化柴油中的酸性硫化物，考察了不同的剂油比、抽提次数、抽提温度、抽提时间和静置时间对脱除硫化物的影响。实验结果表明，抽提温度为90℃，剂油比为0．8，60min可以抽提完成，抽提次数为4次，脱硫率可以达到80％以上，并且溶剂可以回收利用。     

减五线脱蜡油NMP精制与糠醛精制研究

用沈北、大庆混合脱蜡油为原料,进行NMP溶剂精制和糠醛溶剂精制的对比研究。在实验确定了NMP和糠醛溶剂与减五线脱蜡油临界溶解度曲线的基础上,NMP精制采用正交设计法考察溶剂比、溶剂含水量及抽提温度等因素的影响,糠醛精制主要考察了剂油比和抽提温度的影响,采用多元二次回归方程式回归了精制油收率及质量与操作因素的关系,用非线性回归确定出满足粘度指数≥95的要求,收率最大的适宜操作条件。NMP精制最优操作条件为:剂油体积比4.0,抽提温度60℃,溶剂含水量0%,在此操作条件下,精制油的收率为63%;糠醛精制最优操作条件为:剂油比4.5(V/V),抽提温度110℃,此条件下精制油的收率为52%。说明NMP溶剂相对糠醛溶剂具有良好的溶解能力及选择性。     

纯糠醛萃取脱除催化裂化柴油中的碱性氮化物

研究了以纯糠醛为溶剂脱除催化裂化柴油中的碱性氮化物；考察了剂油比，抽提次数，抽提温度，抽提时间，静置时间对脱碱氮的影响；并且考察了相同操作条件下糠醛对含硫化合物的脱除作用。实验结果表明，碱氮脱除率可达到90％以上，脱硫率可以达到85％以上；抽提在室温下进行，lOmin之内抽提可以完成，溶剂可以回收。     

Recovery of grape seed oil by liquid and supercritical carbon dioxide extraction: a comparison with conventional solvent extraction

In this work the extraction of grape seed oil by means of liquid and supercritical carbon dioxide as solvent is described. The operating conditions to determine the maximum extraction yield were studied. The efficiency of supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) was similar to that obtained by conventional liquid extraction, but the quality of the supercritically extracted oil was higher, equivalent to a degummed, liquid- extracted oil. It is considered that SFE is competitive with conventional liquid extraction, because the solvent distillation and oil refining stages can be omitted.     

Isopropyl Alcohol Extraction of De‐hulled Yellow Mustard Flour

Vegetable oils are typically extracted with hexane; however, health and environmental concerns over its use have prompted the search for alternative solvents. Mustard oil was extracted with isopropyl alcohol (IPA) to produce an IPA‐oil miscella suitable for industrial applications. Single‐stage extraction resulted in 87.6 % oil yield at a 10:1 (v/w) IPA/flour ratio. Multiple‐stage extraction resulted in higher extraction efficiency with lower IPA use. Four‐stage cross‐current extraction at an IPA/flour ratio of 2:1 (v/w) per stage resulted in 93.7 % oil yield. At 45 °C, a 91.5 % oil yield was achieved with three‐stage extraction using a 2:1 (v/w) IPA/flour ratio. Any changes to the pH of the mixture resulted in reduced oil yield. Water also reduced the extraction efficiency. The azeotropic IPA solution containing 13 % water extracted ~40 % less oil than did dry IPA in both single and multiple‐stage extractions. Some polar compounds were also extracted, including sugars; however, protein extraction was negligible. The protein left in the extracted meal was not degraded or lost during the extraction. The results suggest that IPA is an excellent solvent for mustard oil, but water content exceeding 5 % in the solvent adversely affects the oil extraction and reuse of the IPA.     

Application of hydrophobic ionic liquid [Bmmim][PF6] in solvent extraction for oily sludge

In this study, an ionic liquid (IL), 1-butyl-2,3-dimmmethylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([Bmmim][PF₆]), was used in combination with a composite solvent of methyl acetate and n-heptane to enhance the oil extraction from oily sludge. The oil recovery increased by approximately 15% compared with that of solvent extraction without [Bmmim][PF₆] at the optimal ratios of IL to sludge and solvents to sludge, which were at 2:5 (M/M) and 4:1 (V/M), respectively. The saturate, aromatic, resin and asphaltene (SARA) analysis revealed that the recovery of resins and asphaltenes was increased by 14% and 38%, respectively, in the solvent extraction with the addition of [Bmmim][PF₆]. [Bmmim][PF₆] maintained a good performance after its reuse four times. The addition of [Bmmim][PF₆] changed the adhesion forces between oil and soil. The IL-assisted solvent extraction procedure followed the pseudo second-order kinetic model, while the unassisted solvent extraction procedure followed the pseudo first-order kinetic model. The results also demonstrated that [Bmmim][PF₆] decreased the solvent consumption by approximately 60% each time. Additionally, [Bmmim][PF₆] can be easily separated. The results suggested that enhancing the solvent extraction with this IL is a promising way to recover oil from oily sludge with a higher oil recovery rate and lower organic solvent consumption than those with the unassisted solvent extraction method.     

新疆克拉玛依油泥水洗分离技术研究

选取新疆克拉玛依油田的油泥,经浸润预处理后,用YSFL油泥水洗分离剂进行水洗分离。净化油泥、回收石油,并进行了相关工艺参数研究。以清洗后泥沙中的残油率为指标,分别考察了温度、水洗剂质量分数、搅拌时间和泥水比等工艺参数对油泥清洗效率的影响。确定适宜工艺条件为：加热温度为80℃、轻质油（浸润剂）质量分数为7%、YSFL试剂质量分数为6%、搅拌时间为40 min、水和泥质量比为2,残油率可降低到0.5%左右。分离后的复合分离剂可以循环使用,对环境无污染。     

Application of a Ternary Phase Diagram to the Phase Separation of Oil-in-Water Emulsions Using Isopropyl Alcohol

The oil-in-water emulsion formed during an aqueous extraction of yellow mustard seed flour was destabilized using isopropyl alcohol (IPA) in a four stage extraction process, with concurrent recovery of oil and water in separate phases. The emulsion was extracted using two different approaches: phase separation extraction (PSE) that used fresh IPA as the extraction solvent at each stage, and phase separation extraction with recycle (PSER) that reused the extracted water-rich phase, containing IPA, as the extraction solvent. Extraction processes by both approaches were modeled by the ternary liquid phase diagram of IPA, canola oil and water to characterize the extraction progress. PSER resulted in improved oil–water separation and IPA usage efficiency than PSE, but achieved only 84.0?% oil recovery, compared to 92.3?% by PSE. The ternary diagram of IPA, canola oil and water offered good approximation of the oil and water separation behavior of PSE and PSER by closely predicting the compositions of the separated phases; however, the weight ratio of the separated phases were not as closely predicted.     

Application of hydrophobic ionic liquid [Bmmim][PF6] in solvent extraction for oily sludge

In this study, an ionic liquid (IL), 1-butyl-2,3-dimmmethylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([Bmmim][PF₆]), was used in combination with a composite solvent of methyl acetate and n-heptane to enhance the oil extraction from oily sludge. The oil recovery increased by approximately 15% compared with that of solvent extraction without [Bmmim][PF₆] at the optimal ratios of IL to sludge and solvents to sludge, which were at 2:5 (M/M) and 4:1 (V/M), respectively. The saturate, aromatic, resin and asphaltene (SARA) analysis revealed that the recovery of resins and asphaltenes was increased by 14% and 38%, respectively, in the solvent extraction with the addition of [Bmmim][PF₆]. [Bmmim][PF₆] maintained a good performance after its reuse four times. The addition of [Bmmim][PF₆] changed the adhesion forces between oil and soil. The IL-assisted solvent extraction procedure followed the pseudo second-order kinetic model, while the unassisted solvent extraction procedure followed the pseudo first-order kinetic model. The results also demonstrated that [Bmmim][PF₆] decreased the solvent consumption by approximately 60% each time. Additionally, [Bmmim][PF₆] can be easily separated. The results suggested that enhancing the solvent extraction with this IL is a promising way to recover oil from oily sludge with a higher oil recovery rate and lower organic solvent consumption than those with the unassisted solvent extraction method.     

基于相图分析的润滑油糠醛精制工艺改进

针对原料油中饱和分与芳香分分离精度低导致糠醛精制工艺抽余油收率低、抽出油质量差的问题,提出基于热力学相图分析的糠醛精制工艺的改进策略。基于虚拟组分法简化润滑油组分为饱和分、芳香分和极性分,采用NRTL模型预测不同温度下的相平衡数据,分析抽提过程液液相平衡关系及操作条件对萃取过程的影响规律,发现温度是影响平衡组成和传质效率的关键因素。基于相图对萃取过程的分析,通过设计多级抽出液回收系统,多温度梯级分离抽出液,解决抽提塔在较低温度下难以操作的问题。结合实际糠醛精制装置进行模拟计算,结果表明设置多级抽出液回收系统,抽提过程溶剂比及冷热公用工程量适当增加,抽余油收率较原工艺提高10%以上,抽出油质量极大改善,显著提升糠醛精制工艺的分离效率。     

Jatropha curcas L. oil extracted by switchable solvent N,N-dimethylcyclohexylamine for biodiesel production

Biodiesel, which is a renewable and environmentally friendly fuel, has been studied widely to help remedy increasing environmental problems. One of the key processes of biodiesel production is oil extraction from oilseed materials. Switchable solvents can reversibly change from molecular to ionic solvents under atmospheric CO_2,and can be used for oil extraction. N, N-dimethylcyclohexylamine(DMCHA), a switchable solvent, was used to extract oil from Jatropha curcas L. oil seeds to produce biodiesel. The appropriate extraction conditions were:1:2 ratio of seed mass to DMCHA volume, 0.3–1 mm particle size, 200 r·min-1agitation speed, 60 min extraction time, and 30 °C extraction temperature. The extraction ratio was about 83%. This solvent extracted the oil more efficiently than hexane, and is much less volatile. By bubbling CO_2 under 1 atm and 25 °C for 5 h, the oil was separated, and DMCHA was recovered after releasing CO_2 by bubbling N_2 under 1 atm and 60 °C for 2 h. The residual solvent content in oil was about 1.7%. Selectivity of DMCHA was evaluated by detecting the protein and sugar content in oil. Using the oil with residual solvent to conduct transesterification process, the oil conversion ratio was approximately 99.5%.     

Optimization of oil and carotenes recoveries from palm oil mill effluent using response surface methodology

BACKGROUND: Palm oil mill effluent (POME) is a liquid waste that is highly polluting and has a significant impact on the environment if not dealt with properly. POME contains oil and carotenes that needs to be treated before discharge. In this work solvent extraction was used to recover oil‐containing carotenes from POME. Optimum conditions for the extraction of oil and carotenes from POME were determined using response surface methodology. RESULTS: A central composite design was used to investigate the effects of three independent factors, namely solvent:POME ratio, mixing rate (rpm) and mixing time (min) on the responses, extracted oil and carotenes recovery. The optimal conditions for extraction of oil and carotenes from POME were 8:10 solvent:POME ratio; 500 rpm mixing rate and 25 min mixing time. Under these conditions, the amount of oil extracted from POME was 7885 mg L^?1, and carotenes recovery was 87.1%. CONCLUSION: The experimental values agreed with those predicted, thus indicating the suitability of the model employed in optimizing the extraction parameters. A high yield of carotenes was obtained under the optimized conditions, with relatively low solvent levels. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry     

超声溶剂萃取法处理含油污泥的研究

以新疆克拉玛依的含油污泥为研究对象．先后在超声条件下通过有机溶剂萃取和表面活性剂水洗的方法对其进行综合处理。结果表明：在处理温度为55℃、超声强度为320W、处理时间为5min、溶剂比为7．5L·g。的最佳条件下,有机溶剂石油醚萃取处理后含油污泥的剩余含油量降为6％;在处理温度为55℃、超声强度为320W、处理时间为llmin、溶剂比为15．0L·g^-1、pH值为5的最佳条件下．十二烷基苯磺酸钠-OP-10（1：1）处理后含油污泥的剩余含油量仅为0．6％。