多板天线“动中通”跟踪波束指向偏差研究

"动中通"系统可以通过接收并比较卫星下传的信标信号强度来调整天线波束指向,从而实现对卫星的跟踪,文中针对多板天线"动中通"系统由于通信内容和信标信号间的频率差异造成的跟踪波束和通信波束指向偏差问题,分析了跟踪波束指向偏差产生的基本原理,提出了一种基于延时线加两级移相器相位补偿技术的误差修正方案,并通过理论推导和Matlab仿真,证实了方案的可行性和有效性.     

面向多波束卫星通信网络的步进跟踪方法

面向多波束覆盖的卫星通信网络,为解决相控阵用户终端位置姿态信息无法获取时程序跟踪卫星失效的问题,提出了一种步进扫描跟踪方法。在该方法中,终端仅需比较单个波束的信标接收能量即可判断波束指向,从而降低跟踪时延。在此基础上,为满足终端在动中通场景下的业务通信需求,进一步研究动态条件下的跟踪方法,并讨论跟踪时延的影响因素。实验结果表明,当终端位置姿态变化较小时,所提方法的跟踪性能接近程序跟踪。     

卫星移动天线系统(续)

车载卫星天线系统车载卫星天线系统是车载的单向通信或双向通信的卫星通信天线,可与单颗或多颗Ku频段卫星通信的车载天线系统。在运动中接收卫星信号的车载天线为“动中通”;在静止状态自动寻星,接收卫星信号的车载天线为“静中通”。     

卫星电视的移动接收(3)移动接收天线的种类

移动卫星接收天线的种类也比较多,根据其接收的方式大致可分为两种,静中通和动中通。所谓"静中通",就是在车辆处于静止状态时进行卫星信号的接收,相对应的"动中通"就是车辆或船只在移动中也能进行卫星信号的接收,显然动中通天线已包括了静中通的功能,也可以说静中通是动中通的一个特例而已。静中通系统由车外的天线伺服系统和车内的控制系统两部分组成,     

一种单星无源高精度定位方法

针对基于双星或多星的卫星通信终端定位系统使用约束多、定位误差大等问题,提出一种单星无源高精度定位方法。利用一个高增益窄波束天线接收辐射源旁瓣泄露信号,同时接收主瓣经卫星转发的信号,通过互模糊函数实现微弱旁瓣信号检测和时差参数估计,结合旁瓣接收天线波束指向信息,实现对目标的准确定位。仿真结果表明,可实现对微弱旁瓣信号的检测和运动目标的高精度定位。     

船载动中通天线系统设计与实现

依据我国现有海上通信能力较为薄弱,针对"天通一号"卫星移动通信系统不具备全球波束,船载终端无法提供类似于Inmarsat系统中移动终端快速对星所用信标信号的现状。研究基于"天通一号"系统的"动中通"系统整体设计、双模射频信号收发、天线跟踪接收方案、以及关键算法的设计。解决"动中通"天线在高仰角位置、横滚的微小波动情况下都能实时对准卫星的技术问题,实现船舶在海上航行过程中的稳定通信。系统测试达到了较好的效果,信号环在处理后的精度误差在0.5°范围内,可实现稳定的高质量海上卫星通信。     

机载卫星通信天线的步进跟踪应用

机载卫星通信天线采用步进跟踪方法是为了解决单脉冲跟踪天线网络复杂和校相不稳,以及程引时惯导漂移导致天线指向偏差等问题而设计的;机载卫星通信天线步进跟踪方法是在程序引导基础上的步进跟踪,即伺服控制系统根据惯导、星位和飞机经纬度计算天线指向,并叠加步进跟踪以保证天线精确跟踪卫星。由于步进跟踪是时段控制,天线跟踪精度不高,一般能达到1/6半功率波束宽度以上精度。实际使用中,当机载存在惯导较大漂移时天线仍能长时间稳定跟踪卫星,这说明机载卫星通信天线程引基础上的步进跟踪方法可行有效。     

基于信标和DVB信号的对星伺服控制系统

针对目前单一的信标信号对星方式,提出一种基于卫星信标信号和卫星DVB信号的对星伺服控制系统设计,它通过参照卫星信标信号和DVB信号强度,利用数字罗盘以及电位器等传感器来感知接收天线的姿态,以PIC单片机为运算核心进行天线指向角度,极化角度运算,驱动天线转动,使其高精度对准指定卫星发射波束,实现卫星通信。不仅给出了整个控制部分原理框图、工作原理,还给出了卫星粗对准算法、信号最大值定位算法。该双信号对星方式进一步提高了对星伺服控制系统的可靠性,拓展了适用卫星范围,经过实验验证,对星效果良好。     

电星卫星的自动跟踪系统

一、概述自动跟踪系统是探测和调整喇叭反射面天线指向偏差的装置。它接收从卫星进入天线的4080兆赫圆极化连续波信标信号,并通过检测该信号在天线馈线中传播的特点来求出天线指向和卫星实际方位之间的偏差。将该偏差转换成一组指向误差信号,用于天线指向系统中提供天线程序指向指命的精确校正或全自动跟踪(图1)。     

基于天线分集和空-时编码的抗舰载卫星天线指向损耗方法研究

本文针对舰载卫星天线指向损耗问题,将接收分集和空-时编码技术应用于舰艇卫星通信中。构建了舰船卫星通信信道模型,分析了舰载天线随机指向损耗特点,研究了接收分集和空-时编码技术,进行了舰船卫星MIMO通信性能仿真。研究结果表明,将MIMO技术应用于舰艇卫星通信可以有效改善舰载卫星天线指向损耗的不良影响。     

Analysis of a satellite antenna tracking loop driven by BPSK modulated signals

The subject of this paper is an antenna tracking system used to maintain an antenna on board a geosynchronous (GEO) satellite, pointed towards a low earth orbit (LEO) satellite. The tracking system uses the BPSK modulated signals transmitted from the LEO satellite. The signal is received by an electronically switched antenna beam. A suitable processing of the received signal level then generates an error voltage which drives a tracking loop. The measurement of the received signal level is implemented by a power detector. Analysis of the antenna tracking algorithm is carried out and the performance is given in terms of linearized mean-square tracking error. The mean-square tracking error is related to the antenna beam parameters, to the closed loop bandwidth and to the statistics of the power measurement process. In particular, it is shown that a key parameter for the tracking loop performance is the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at the power detector output, which is inversely proportional to the variance of the pointing error, and a theory has been developed to find an accurate expression for the SNR. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

自由空间光通信中的振动抑制研究

卫星联网可以实现高速率的自由空间光通信;;但是由于卫星间的长距离、窄光束的发散角和瞄准系统的抖动使得从一颗卫星到另一颗卫星的瞄准变成很复杂的问题像这样接受平面内发射的光束的抖动会降低平均接收功率增加误码率针对上述问题;;介绍了7种抑振方法     

Laser satellite communication network-vibration effect and possiblesolutions

A number of serious consortiums develop satellite communication networks. The objective of these communication projects is to service personal communication users almost everywhere on Earth. The intersatellite links in those projects use microwave radiation as the carrier. Free-space optical communication between satellites networked together can make possible high-speed communication between different places on Earth. Some advantages of an optical communication system over a microwave communication system in free space are: (1) smaller size and weight, (2) less transmitter power, (3) larger bandwidth, and (4) higher immunity to interference. The pointing from one satellite to another is a complicated problem due to the large distance between the satellite, the narrow beam divergence angle, and vibration of the pointing system. Such vibration of the transmitted beam in the receiver plane decreases the average received signal, which increases the bit error rate. We review: (1) the present status of satellite networks, (2) developing efforts of optical satellite communication around the world, (3) performance results of vibration effects on different kinds of optical communication satellite networks, and (4) seven approaches to overcome the problems caused by transmitter pointing vibration     

对准误差对前置光放大卫星激光通信系统性能的影响

发射机及接收机的对准误差都会引起前置光放大卫星激光通信系统信号的衰落,在同时考虑发射机、接收机对准误差的条件下优化系统性能非常重要。将接收机对准误差引起的空间光耦合损耗用一个高斯函数近似,并同时考虑发射机对准误差引起的对准损耗,推导出了接收光功率概率密度的近似解析表达式,应用该概率密度函数,建立了基于平均误码率原则的前置光放大卫星激光通信系统的优化模型。仿真结果表明,在给定平均误码率要求及对准误差一定时,存在一个最佳发射光束宽度、接收天线直径及空间光耦合参数,使所需的发射功率最小,采用更大的接收天线并不能降低对发射功率的要求。     

Performance limitation of laser satellite communication due to vibrations and atmospheric turbulence: down‐link scenario

In this paper, we analyse the effects of vibrations and the atmosphere on the performance of a broadband laser inter‐satellite link (BLISL) which was studied within the framework of the BLISL joint Israeli–German applied research project. The use of optical radiation as a carrier between satellites and in satellite‐to‐ground links enables transmission using very narrow beam divergence angles. Due to the narrow beam divergence angle and the large distance between the satellite and the ground station or airplane the pointing is a complicated process. Further complication results from vibration of the pointing system caused by two fundamental mechanisms of a stochastic nature: (1) tracking noise created by the electro‐optic tracker and (2) vibrations caused by internal satellite mechanical mechanisms. Additionally an inhomogeneity in the temperature and pressure of the atmosphere leads to variations of the refractive index along the transmission path. These variations of refractive index as well as pointing vibrations can cause fluctuations in the intensity and the phase of the received signal leading to an increase in link error probability. In this paper, we develop a bit error probability (BEP) model that takes into account both pointing vibrations and turbulence‐induced log amplitude fluctuations (i.e. signal intensity fading) in a regime in which the receiver aperture D₀ is smaller than the turbulence coherence diameter d₀. Our results indicate that BLISL can achieve a BEP of 10^?9 and data rate of 1Gbps with normalized pointing vibration of G_T*σ_θ²=0.05 and turbulence of σ_X=0.3. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

相控阵卫星跟踪闭环实验系统设计与实现

相控阵卫星跟踪系统是一个庞大、复杂的闭环系统,主要包含卫星及其发射信号、相控阵接收天线、基带信号处理单元、波束指向控制四个部分。为了解决卫星自跟踪系统在实验中对实时性的要求,降低测试成本和测试难度,设计了一套运动平台卫星自跟踪闭环实验系统。上位机完成了运动目标建模和波束指向控制功能,基于FPGA的四通道硬件板完成接收信号的产生,自跟踪基带数字板完成基带信号的搜索、测角和跟踪滤波,各部分之间通过SMA或串口进行连接。对每一部分作了理论分析和硬件设计描述,并在最后给出了测试结果,表明了演示系统的可行性和有效性。     

卫星激光测距系统的指向偏差修正

为了控制激光测距望远镜准确指向目标,本文采用图像处理方法精确识别卫星位置,计算卫星质心相对于参考中心的偏差并转换为望远镜的脱靶量,从而通过伺服系统修正望远镜的指向偏差;同时识别光束图像,得到光尖位置并计算光尖点与接收视场中心的偏差量,修正激光束指向偏差。     

回波信号积分法统计光束偏移误差

激光瞄准系统主要存在的瞄准误差是偏移误差和抖动误差,解决好这两种误差可以使光束能够准确瞄准目标物体,并且在传输过程中减少信号的损失.介绍了一种新的光束瞄准技术,该方法建立在光束远场光强的高斯分布和光束抖动的高斯分布基础上,利用回波信号的统计得到视轴的偏差,精度可以达到5μrad,而且不需要目标自身返回瞄准信息,也无须对目标进行扫描,试验成功验证了这种方法的可行性.