甲醛缩合法处理靛蓝废水的研究

采用铁碳芬顿氧化技术处理靛蓝生产中产生的高浓度苯胺废水会产生大量的污泥且成本较高,苯胺去除率为90％左右.根据甲醛与苯胺缩合反应机理,采用甲醛缩合法对废水进行处理,通过正交试验确定了最优的反应条件,并对缩合反应后的出水进行碱化絮凝,进一步将滤液进行芬顿氧化处理,可有效降低废水中的COD,苯胺去除率可达93％以上.该方法...     

甲醛废水除醛预处理技术研究及应用

为了解决目前工业生产中甲醛废水处理难度大、成本高的问题,通过加入生石灰发生聚糖反应的方法,分别在实验室和生产规模实践中研究了该除醛预处理技术对甲醛废水的除醛效果;在湖北某企业的多聚甲醛和季戊四醇废水中,加入一定量生石灰,加热到70℃以上并恒温保持1~2 h的条件下,达到了甲醛基本上转化为多糖的效果;表明该方法作为甲醛废水的预处理技术完全可以达到工业生产中甲醛废水处理要求。     

Fenton试剂处理苯酚和甲醛废水的研究

用H2O2同Fe^2 结合的Fenton试剂处理有机废水是一种经典的催化氧化法，这种方法适合于处理废水中高浓度、难降解的有机物质。主要研究了Fenton试剂处理含苯酚和甲醛有机废水样的反应机理和影响因素，试验结果表明：废水中苯酚和甲醛的去除率均可达到95％以上，COD去除率达到85％以上，表明用Fenton法处理含苯酚和甲醛的有机废水是一种非常有效的方法。     

CeO_2/TiO_2/海泡石复合体处理甲醛废水

采用水解法制备CeO_2/TiO_2/海泡石复合光催化剂,研究了该复合光催化剂催化降解废水中甲醛的性能,并分别研究了废水pH值、催化剂用量、光照时间和甲醛浓度等对CeO_2/TiO_2/海泡石光催化降解甲醛的影响,设计正交试验,确定了降解甲醛废水的最佳条件.     

Fenton氧化技术处理含甲醛废水的实验研究

采用Fenton试剂对甲醛废水进行氧化处理,考察了H2O2浓度、Fe2＋浓度、pH值、反应时间等因素对处理效果的影响。在H202投加量为4．5ml／L,n（H202）：n（Fe2＋）=4,pH值为3,反应30rain后,静置5min的条件下,废水中甲醛去除率和COD去除率分别达到89％、82％。结果表明,Fenton试剂对甲醛废水可以取到很好的处理效果。     

催化精馏法处理甲醛废水

通过催化精馏方法使废水中甲醛与加入的甲醇反应生成甲缩醛(DMM),同时实现废水中甲醛含量达标及其资源化利用。考察了醇醛摩尔比、反应温度、反应时间、催化剂添加量、塔顶回流比和待处理废水中甲醛质量分数6个因素对废水中甲醛去除率及产品甲缩醛质量分数的影响,结果表明,待处理废水中甲醛质量分数越高,加入的甲醇利用率越高,并总结出甲醛质量分数5%的废水最佳反应条件:反应温度80℃,醇醛摩尔比5,反应时间30 m in,催化剂加入量是待处理废水质量的1%,塔顶回流比3。在最佳条件下塔釜甲醛去除率达90%,塔顶甲缩醛质量分数达40%,废水中甲醛资源化利用率达98%以上。     

二氯联苯胺谨防一哄而上

3,3－二氯联苯胺（DCB）是生产双氯苯胺系有机颜料的重要中间体,以其为主制造的系列有机颜料产量约占有机颜料总产量的25％。目前DCB工业化主要有两种方法,一是甲醛水合肼还原法,二是催化加氢还原法,我国目前主要采用甲醛水合肼法。该法产生大量废水,而且水合肼价格较贵,腐蚀性强。国外主要采用催化加氢法,与甲醛水合肼法相比,催化加氢法减少废水2／3,收率可提高10％,产品质量也有提高。     

催化氧化、生化法处理醛酚树脂生产废水

采用Fenton催化氧化、生化工艺处理积层纸板厂酚醛树脂生产废水和生活污水。运行结果表明,Fenton催化氧化／生化处理能有效降低废水中苯酚、甲醛等有毒有机物浓度,改善废水可生化性。系统对COD、苯酚、甲醛等污染物去除效果明显,系统总去除率均在95％以上。     

一种木材胶粘剂及其生产方法

本发明是利用湿法纤维板生产过程中的废水制木材胶粘剂。该木材胶粘剂的组份为(重量％):60～35的甲醛(浓度37％),30～15的尿素(或苯酚),10～50的湿法纤维板废水提取物。方法是利用湿法纤维板热压废水经超滤处理后的截留部份,将其在     

乌洛托品生成过程中产生的含氨污水处理研究

针对某化工厂在生产乌洛托品过程中产生含氨废水,同时该厂还产生含甲醛废水的情况,利用工厂含氨废水与含甲醛废水反应生成乌洛托品的方法,降低污水含氨量。通过实验探讨了不同反应条件对氨反应转化率的影响,确定了最佳操作条件。实际生产中将甲缩醛生产车间的甲醛废水与含氨污水贮于凉水塔,投入过量甲醛反应完全后再连续转入锅炉中加热成蒸汽,作为锅炉循环用水使用。乌洛托品在锅炉中富集回收。结果表明,该方法能够有效处理含氨污水,使之达到排放标准。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。