变压器励磁涌流与故障电流判别方法分析

在研究变压器励磁涌流产生机理以及固有特点的基础上,针对变压器保护的需要,从保护原理的依据、优缺点和保护实现性上对目前鉴别变压器励磁涌流和内部故障电流的方法进行了比较分析。     

小波变换识别变压器励磁涌流和故障电流的新方法

利用小波变换对变压器两侧的电流信号进行分解,得到突变点的故障跳乘积符号,从而准确地区分励磁涌流和故障电流。利用实时数字仿真器(RTDS)对不同内部故障类型和励磁涌流进行了仿真,算法不受最严重故障(带故障空载投入)以及严重CT饱和情况的影响。     

小波变换识别变压器励磁涌流和故障电流的新方法

利用小波变换对变压器两侧的电流信号进行分解,得到突变点的故障跳乘积符号,从而准确地区分励磁涌流和故障电流.利用实时数字仿真器(RTDS)对不同内部故障类型和励磁涌流进行了仿真,算法不受最严重故障(带故障空载投入)以及严重CT饱和情况的影响.     

自适应变压器励磁涌流判据研究

基于差流谐波正序分量的变压器励磁涌流判据能够有效识别励磁涌流和内部故障。为了进一步提高差动保护的励磁涌流闭锁可靠性和内部故障动作快速性,分析了变压器端电压及其基波正序分量突变量在励磁涌流和内部故障时的不同特征,由此确定了自适应控制因子Q,并将Q加入到差流谐波正序分量的励磁涌流判据中,进而提出了一种自适应变压器励磁涌流新判据。大量EMTP仿真及动模实验表明：新判据能够在励磁涌流时自动降低涌流制动定值,提高涌流的闭锁可靠性;在内部故障时自动升高涌流制动定值,提高区内故障时保护的动作速度。     

A novel magnetizing inrush current suppressor of energized transformers

The magnetizing inrush possibly occurs when the transformer is energized in the case of no load or a light load. The reason rests with the saturation state or even deep saturation state of the transformer core due to many factors such as inception angles, residual flux, and so on. Both the transformer itself and the power quality in the power system will be adversely impacted by the magnetizing inrush. By utilizing the tertiary winding of a three‐windings transformer, a new technique called ‘magnetizing inrush suppressor’ (MIS) is proposed to eliminate the inrush. When the transformer is switched on, it allows the voltage on the tertiary winding to climb gradually and ensures that the voltages on both sides have the same phase but different magnitudes. In this case, the inrush current can be eliminated successfully. Finally, simulation tests based on PSCAD are performed and analyzed in detail, and the validity of the proposed approach is confirmed. © 2016 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

变压器励磁涌流的特性分析及应用

由于变压器励磁涌流的存在,使得变压器差动保护有别于其他主设备及线路的差动保护。在现场工作的许多继电保护技术人员往往对变压器励磁涌流的机理概念模糊,造成其定值整定缺乏理论指导,往往凭经验给定。分析了变压器励磁涌流产生的机理,并给出了简洁明了的计算方法。     

换流变大差保护励磁涌流识别的思考

传统的大差保护一般采用差流中的二次谐波作为空载合闸时励磁涌流的闭锁条件,但对于两台换流变压器并联空载合闸的运行工况未充分考虑.分析了一起用于超高压直流输电工程的换流变大差保护空载合闸时的误动事例,通过分析换流变回路各相励磁涌流的特征,以及大差动回路合成电流的特征,指出大差保护误动的原因是星星变和星角变励磁涌流相互抵消引起大差保护二次谐波闭锁判据失效.通过引入换流变星星变和星角变的差流谐波闭锁判据,与大差的差流谐波闭锁判据构成“与”逻辑,使该问题得到了很好地解决.     

计及磁动态特性的变压器励磁涌流机理分析

变压器的空载合闸过程容易引起较大的励磁涌流,进而影响甚至危害变压器和电力系统的正常运行.对变压器励磁涌流的机理进行深入研究及仿真,对于保证电力系统运行安全以及变压器的继电保护定值的设置具有十分重要意义.在考虑变压器的磁饱和及磁滞特性基础上,利用计及变压器铁心磁滞特性的非线性数学模型,对三相变压器励磁涌流形成的机理及影响因素进行了分析,并采用了并联的非线性补偿电流源来模拟变压器的非线性特性.最后,对三相变压器在不同合闸时间点的励磁涌流及谐波特性进行了仿真,结果表明文中所采用的方法是正确可行的.     

Identifying magnetizing inrush in power transformers based on symmetry of current waveforms

This letter proposes a novel method for the discrimination between magnetizing inrush and internal fault in power transformers based on the similarity of the current waveforms. The proposed method first normalizes and sorts the sample points of the differential current in a full fundamental frequency cycle to obtain a new sequence which is independent of the magnitude and initial phase angle of the original signal. Afterward, three indices are introduced to measure the similarity between the new sequence and a template, which are used to discriminate the inrush from an internal fault. Simulation studies demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method and its advantages over the conventional second harmonic restraint method. © 2017 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

基于最小二乘支持向量机的变压器励磁涌流识别方法研究

纵差保护是变压器的主保护,但在变压器空载合闸或者变压器外部短路故障被切除端电压突然恢复时会产生励磁涌流,可能会导致纵差保护的误动作,这将严重影响变压器的安全可靠运行.为此提出了一种基于最小二乘支持向量机(LS-SVM)的励磁涌流鉴别方法.选择二次谐波含量和间断角作为输入向量,利用具有高斯核函数的LS-SVM建立分类模型,对励磁涌流进行识别.仿真结果表明,该方法鉴别励磁涌流和故障电流有很高的识别率.该方法为减少变压器的误动和拒动提供了一种新的思路.     

基于差流符号序列特征的变压器励磁涌流识别判据

变压器在空载合闸的过程中,会产生幅值较大的励磁涌流,如不采取相应的闭锁措施,将导致变压器差动保护误动作。针对该问题,提出了一种基于差流符号序列特征的变压器励磁涌流识别判据。该判据首先对差流序列进行符号化处理,根据符号序列中相关模式序列出现的比例,量化表征差流波形的特征,实现对励磁涌流和故障差流的识别。利用PSCAD/EMTDC仿真软件验证了所提判据在各类区内外故障和励磁涌流工况下,以及各类工况伴随电流互感器饱和时的有效性。     

Proximity effect and eddy current losses in insulated cables

Insulated cables are generally designed according to thermal criteria: the current rating depends on the permissible temperature inside the insulation. As the heating of a cable mainly results from Joule losses, it is worthy to determine the current distribution in its metallic components (the core and the metallic screen for single core cables). The current distribution in tables is affected by the skin effect and the proximity effect due to neighbouring cables of the circuit itself or from parallel links. A general method is developed to calculate the current distribution in the core and the screen of a single-core cable, starting from Maxwell equations. The stress is set upon skin and proximity effects, taking into account the influence of the frequency. Joule losses are calculated in some practical cases of three-phase links     

新技术手段在变压器差动保护励磁涌流识别中应用研究的现状

励磁涌流的鉴别一直是变压器保护中一个关键问题。在介绍各种新技术手段的原理基础上,着重分析了各种技术目前在变压器励磁涌流识别方面应用的研究及其特点、性能和存在的问题,并指出了这些新技术在今后变压器保护应用中可能的发展方向。     

基于模糊多判据的变压器励磁涌流识别新算法

在分析现有各种变压器励磁涌流识别算法的基础上 ,采用模糊集合理论 ,综合各判据的优点 ,得到一种较为理想的新算法 ,通过EMTP仿真计算 ,并考虑CT传变特性后 ,该模糊多判据算法能快速识别各种变压器内部故障和励磁涌流情况 ,克服了谐波制动原理在某些工况下的误判和延时动作问题     

变压器差动保护的励磁涌流识别技术比较

介绍了励磁涌流的产生及其特征,并在介绍各种励磁涌流识别技术原理的基础上,着重分析了各种技术目前的应用研究及其特点、性能和存在的问题,指出了这些新技术在今后变压器保护应用中可能的发展方向。     

基于模糊多判据的变压器励磁涌流识别新算法

在分析现有各种变压器励磁涌流识别算法的基础上,采用模糊集合理论,综合各判据的优点,得到一种较为理想的新算法,通过EMTP仿真计算,并考虑CT传变特性后,该模糊多判据算法能快速识别各种变压器内部故障和励磁涌流情况,克服了谐波制动原理在某些工况下的误判和延时动作问题。     

不对称半桥变换器直流偏磁抑制与软开关实现

不对称半桥变换器(AHB)利用变压器自身的漏感和开关管的寄生电容串联谐振,实现了开关管的零电压开通(ZVS),从而降低了损耗,提高了效率.但是其不对称的控制方法使变压器原边电压正负波形不对称,原边电流含有直流成分,容易导致变压器铁心直流磁通累加而饱和.虽然铁芯加气隙后可防止饱和,但又会增加变压器损耗.针对倍流整流式不对称半桥变换器直流偏磁的产生原因及实现软开关的开关工作过程做了理论分析,在此基础上,设计并制作了实验样机.通过对实验结果的分析,验证了倍流整流式不对称半桥变换器采用副边串联隔直电容的方法可以有效抑制变压器直流偏磁,并且实现了软开关.     

Pulsed field losses and coupling current loop in a large‐current superconductor

Pulsed field losses in a short sample (445 mm length) of 46‐kA Nb₃Sn cable‐in‐conduit conductor of superconducting magnet for the fusion experimental reactor “ITER” are measured by a calorimetric method. The coupling time constant between strands is obtained as 30 ms through pulsed loss. Based on this time constant and interstrand conductance measurement, it is expected that there is a coupling current loop length of about 400 mm, which is longer than half the fabrication twist pitch in the fourth cabling stage. A geometrical calculation on several‐stage cabling shows this value to be reasonable. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 142(4): 27–33, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.10088     

基于磁滞回线数学模型的变压器励磁电流分析

从铁芯饱和及其磁滞特性的角度研究变压器励磁涌流及直流偏磁条件下的励磁电流的重要性.利用磁滞回线的特征值及其关系得到了一种磁滞回线的数学模型,根据该数学模型求出了直流偏磁条件下变压器的励磁电流波形,经MATLAB仿真软件验证了该模型的正确性,对于研究直流偏磁下变压器励磁电流的特性具有重要意义.