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针对焦炭反应性及反应后强度测试规范性强,测试误差也较大的问题,探索了升温速率及反应温度对焦炭反应性及反应后强度的影响。实验结果表明,随着升温速率的不断的增大,焦炭的反应性在不断的减少,焦炭的反应后强度在不断的增大;小范围改变反应温度,仍对焦炭反应性及反应后强度产生比较显著的影响。升温速率越快,反应初期焦粒内部的温度低于1100℃的幅度就越大,即反应初期焦粒内部在低于1100℃条件下与二氧化碳反应的时间就越长。 相似文献
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为促进抑制焦炭劣化技术进步,用热重分析法测得不同温度下BP型抑制剂的抑制焦炭劣化反应动力学实验数据,用未反应核收缩模型对所得数据进行拟合,建立了基于BP型抑制剂的抑制焦炭劣化反应动力学模型,确定了模型参数。统计检验表明模型是显著和可信的。根据Arrhenius方程得到BP型抑制剂抑制焦炭劣化反应活化能Ea=285.0kJ·mol-1和有效扩散活化能ED=164.6 kJ·mol-1,均高于未添加抑制剂的空白焦炭试样S0的劣化反应活化能Ea=142.0kJ·mol-1和有效扩散活化能ED=96.3 kJ·mol-1。依模型算得的抑制焦炭劣化反应过程中的外扩散传质相对阻力ηG/∑η、内扩散传质相对阻力ηD/∑η和界面化学反应相对阻力ηC/∑η数据表明,试样S0的反应主要受界面化学反应和外扩散影响,而试样SBP因负载抑制剂,其反应主要受内扩散和界面反应影响。随着反应的进行,两者的劣化反应受内扩散、界面化学反应同时影响。在较低温度下,焦炭劣化反应主要受界面化学反应控制,随反应温度升高,界面化学反应的相对阻力ηC/∑η逐渐下降。 相似文献
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采用酸碱复合改性的方法,制备了同时具有微孔和介孔孔道的丝光沸石,用于固定床4-异丙基联苯的异丙基化反应。通过X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、NH3程序升温脱附(NH3-TPD)、N2物理吸附脱附等方法对改性丝光沸石进行表征。结果表明,碱改性处理调变了丝光沸石的孔道结构和酸性质,同时保持了其MOR拓扑结构,提高了4-异丙基联苯的转化率和反应的稳定性。碱处理后再进行酸处理,可以有效清除碱处理过程中产生的非骨架铝物种和样品外表面的酸中心,提高目的产物4,4'-二异丙基联苯的选择性。 相似文献
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采用四溴双酚A(简称TBA)和非光气物质碳酸双(三氯甲)酯(简称BTC)代替剧毒光气研制溴代聚碳酸酯(简称BPC)系列阻燃剂,研究了溶剂、碱、催化剂、反应温度、结晶剂对合成溴代聚碳酸酯的影响以及反应时间与催化剂用量的关系、溴代聚碳酸酯分子量的控制。结果表明,最佳工艺条件是:溶剂为A或B,用量为每摩尔TBA15~2.5L;碱用量为每摩尔TBA2.8~3.5mol,浓度为5%;催化剂为BTMA,用量为每摩尔TBA10-40g;反应时间2-6h;反应温度10-60%;结晶剂为C,用量为溶剂A或B的3倍(体积);作为阻燃剂,溴代聚碳酸酯的分子量为2500—6500,通过调节TBA与BTC的配比及分子量调节剂的用量来实现。 相似文献
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Thermodynamic calculations predict the behaviour of alkalis in the furnace gases of pulverized-coal-fired boilers. Results imply that a large proportion of the volatile sodium in the coal reacts with silica or silicate fly ash and forms a low viscosity surface layer of sodium silicate on the ash which, depending on its thickness, may enhance retention of the ash particles impinging on boiler tubes. The thickness of the sodium silicate layer depends mainly on the ratio of alkalis (non-chloride) to ash surface area in the furnace gases and the kinetics of the silicate-forming reaction in the temperature range 1300–1850K. The calculations show that sodium sulphate is stable only below 1300–1400 K in pulverized-coal-fired furnace atmosphere, and, therefore, sodium-ash reactions at higher temperatures will greatly reduce sulphur retention in the boiler as sulphate deposits. 相似文献
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采用顺酐和二醇制得耐腐蚀不饱和树脂,再将其与由三羟甲基丙烷二烯丙基醚(TMPDE)、TDI和苯乙烯反应得到的含有气干性基团的预聚物接枝聚合得到气干性耐腐蚀不饱和树脂。研究了预聚物加入量对树脂气干性以及接枝聚合反应温度和时间对反应程度的影响,并测试了产品的耐腐性和力学性能。结果表明,自制的耐腐蚀不饱和树脂、TDI、TMPDE及苯乙烯的质量配比为10∶1∶1∶2,聚合反应温度75~85℃,反应时间2.0 h时得到的不饱和树脂性能最佳,无缺口冲击强度为7.56 kJ/m2,弯曲强度为71.7 MPa,弯曲模量为3.21 GPa,热变形温度为110℃,产品可耐强酸、强碱、强氧化介质的长期腐蚀,气干性好,固化优良。 相似文献
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以叔丁基肼水溶液、糠氯酸为原料,在甲苯做溶剂、冰乙酸做催化剂条件下经成腙、闭环、脱溶,然后在水相结晶制得高含量2-叔丁基-4,5-二氯-3(2H)-哒嗪酮(以下简称哒嗪酮);哒嗪酮再与对叔丁基苄硫醇在甲醇做溶剂的条件下经缩合、脱甲醇、水相结晶制得高含量哒螨灵原药。反应具有操作稳定、收率高的优点,缩合反应在低温下进行,有利于提高产品质量及收率;哒螨灵在一定浓度的稀碱水溶液中结晶,其含量可达到96%以上。该方法具有产品质量高、成本低的优点,适合工业化生产。 相似文献
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研究了沸石化珍珠岩混凝土在KOH,LiOH溶液中压蒸膨胀行为,通过扫描电镜和能量散射谱对产物的形貌和组成进行了分析,说明LiOH抑制碱-硅酸反应膨胀的机理主要是在集料周围形成了含锂盐的非膨胀性产物,含锂产物层的形成对活性集料起保护作用而阻止了碱的进一步侵蚀。研究了由碱-硅酸活性集料和碱-碳酸盐活性集料制成的混凝土在各种碱中的膨胀行为。结果表明:混凝土在相同摩尔浓度的碱中压蒸,在NaOH溶液中膨胀最大,在LiOH溶液中膨胀最小。在应用LiOH抑制碱-硅酸反应膨胀促进碱-碳酸盐反应膨胀的双重作用下,在Spratt细粒硅质灰岩中,少量的白云石在碱环境中可发生去白云石化作用而对膨胀有贡献,也即尽管Spratt灰岩中碱-硅酸反应是主要的,但也存在碱-碳酸盐反应。 相似文献
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Daniel Constantiner 《Cement and Concrete Research》2003,33(4):549-554
For many years, the possibility that alkalis may be released from feldspars and other alkali-bearing aggregate components directly into concrete pore solutions has been explored by various mostly indirect methods. In this study, we demonstrate this effect unambiguously by direct measurements of the concentrations of alkalis in pore solutions expressed from mortars with and without such aggregates. Mortars with three different alkali-bearing feldspar minerals all released significant amounts of alkali ions. This evidence confirms the indications provided by others who monitored the release of alkalis into external solutions of calcium hydroxide or alkali hydroxide. It was also found that when both feldspar and a reactive aggregate (calcined flint) were present, some of the released alkali ions were taken up into ASR reaction products. These findings lend further emphasis to the likely importance of alkali release in many practical ASR problems. 相似文献
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Maciej Zajac Jørgen Skibsted Mohsen Ben Haha 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2021,104(2):1076-1087
In the present research, an alternative approach to produce supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) based on the carbon capture and utilization is developed. The approach focuses on enforced carbonation of cement pastes obtained from recycled concrete and its application as SCM. This work focuses on the effect of alkalis in the starting solution on the carbonation mechanism of ground hydrated cement pastes in a wet reactor. The enforced carbonation of cement paste is a rapid process at ambient temperature and pressure being close to complete reaction within a few hours of carbonation, independently on alkali concentration. However, alkalis have a complex impact on the carbonation reaction as they accelerate the initial stages of the carbonation reaction, while the kinetics of the middle stages is retarded. The final degree of carbonation is only slightly affected by the alkali concentration in the solution. The origin of these effects can be explained by relating them to the evolution of solid and solution properties. Additionally, the alkali concentration has an impact on the morphology of the main carbonation products, that is, calcite and the alumina-silica gel. 相似文献
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Alkali–silica reaction (ASR) is a major concrete durability problem, resulting in significant maintenance and reconstruction costs to concrete infrastructures all over the world. Despite decades of study, the underlying chemical and physical reaction mechanisms remain poorly understood, especially at molecular to micro-scale levels, and this has resulted in the inability to efficiently assess the risk, predict the service life, and mitigate deterioration in ASR-susceptible structures. This paper intends to summarize the current state of understanding and the existing knowledge gaps with respect to reaction mechanisms and the roles of aggregate properties (e.g., composition, mineralogy, size, and surface characteristics), pore solution composition (e.g., pH, alkalis, calcium, aluminum), and exposure conditions (e.g., temperature, humidity) on the rate and magnitude of ASR. In addition, the current state of computer modeling as an alternative or supplement to physical testing for prediction of ASR performance is discussed. 相似文献