Numerical simulation for explosion wave propagation of combustible mixture gas

A two-dimensional multi-material code was indigenously developed to investigate the effects of duct boundary conditions and ignition positions on the propagation law of explosion wave for hydrogen and methane-based combustible mixture gas. In the code,Young’s technique was employed to track the interface between the explosion products and air,and combustible function model was adopted to simulate ignition process. The code was employed to study explosion flow field inside and outside the duct and to obtain peak pressures in different boundary conditions and ignition positions. Numerical results suggest that during the propagation in a duct,for point initiation,the curvature of spherical wave front gradually decreases and evolves into plane wave. Due to the multiple reflections on the duct wall,multi-peak values appear on pressure—time curve,and peak pressure strongly relies on the duct boundary conditions and ignition position. When explosive wave reaches the exit of the duct,explosion products expand outward and forms shock wave in air. Multiple rarefaction waves also occur and propagate upstream along the duct to decrease the pressure in the duct. The results are in agreement with one-dimensional isentropic gas flow theory of the explosion products,and indicate that the ignition model and multi-material interface treatment method are feasible.     

Rock-breaking mechanism and experimental analysis of confined blasting of borehole surrounding rock

The rock-breaking mechanism and effect of confined blasting were analysed by blasting and impact dynamic mechanics, fluid dynamic mechanics, fracture mechanics as well as blasting experiment. The results showed that the fracturing of surrounding rock in confined blasting condition is the result of coaction of rock pre-cracking by shock wave and stress wave and the continuing expanding crackenhancement of confined medium, and the model of crack development of borehole surrounding rock in confined blasting condition was established. This study acquired the damage range of surrounding rock under the action of shock wave and stress wave, as well as the crack development characteristics of surrounding rock after the wedge-in confined medium into the crack space. Deep-hole confined blasting experiment on large rock showed that the high-efficient utilisation of in-hole explosive was achieved and the safety of rock blasting operation was ensured. Safe static rock-breaking under the action of high-efficient explosive blasting was achieved as well as the unification of super dynamic load of explosive blasting and static rock-breaking of water medium.     

爆破对地表混凝土结构物影响的数值模拟研究

利用LS_DYNA程序,从岩土本身的力学性能、目标与炸药的位置、空气稀疏波的影响等多个角度出发,研究了岩土爆破中应力波的压力衰减以及爆破对地表混凝土结构物的影响,得到了其中的规律,为建筑结构的防护提供了一些思路与依据．     

Influence of millisecond time,charge length and detonation velocity on blasting vibration

The law of blasting vibration caused by blasting in rock is very complex.Traditional numerical methods cannot well characterize all the influencing factors in the blasting process.The effects of millisecond time,charge length and detonation velocity on the blasting vibration are discussed by analyzing the characteristics of vibration wave generated by finite length cylindrical charge.It is found that in multi-hole millisecond blasting,blasting vibration superimpositions will occur several times within a certain distance from the explosion source due to the propagation velocity difference of P-wave and S-wave generated by a short column charge.These superimpositions will locally enlarge the peak velocity of blasting vibration particle.The magnitude and scope of the enlargement are closely related to the millisecond time.Meanwhile,the particle vibration displacement characteristics of rock under long cylindrical charge is analyzed.The results show that blasting vibration effect would no longer increase when the charge length increases to a certain extent.This indicates that the traditional simple calculation method using the maximum charge weight per delay interval to predict the effect of blasting vibration is unreasonable.Besides,the effect of detonation velocity on blasting vibration is only limited in a certain velocity range.When detonation velocity is greater than a certain value,the detonation velocity almost makes no impact on blasting vibration.     

Laser-induced spark ignition of H<Subscript>2</Subscript>/O<Subscript>2</Subscript>/Ar mixtures

Laser-induced spark ignition of hydrogen-oxygen-argon mixtures was experimentally investigated using a Q-swiched Nd:YAG laser to break down the gas at 532 nm. The laser-based high-speed schlieren system was employed to record flame front evolution for the gas mixtures with different initial pressure or laser output energy or argon dilution. The results show that the breakdown of the gas leads to the generation of ellipsoidal plasma. The rarefaction waves create the toroidal rings at the leading and trailing edges of the plasma, which provides a reasonable explanation for inward wrinkle of the plasma and the resultant flame. The toroidal rings at leading edge decays more rapidly and a gas lobe is generated that moves towards the laser. The hot gas in the plasma induces the generation of the spark kernel. Affected by the very weak shock wave or compression waves reflected off the wall, the initial laminar flame decelerates. The arc flame front interactions with the wall, reversed shock wave or compression waves, rarefaction waves, etc. induce the transition from laminar flame to turbulent one. These induce the transition from laminar flame to turbulent flame. For stoichiometric hydrogen-oxygen mixtures diluted by 76.92% argon at an initial pressure of 53.33 kPa, the minimum output energy of the laser is 15 mJ for successful laser-induced spark ignition. With increasing initial pressure or the output energy of the laser, or decreasing argon dilution, the speed of the flame front increases.     

Numerical simulation of parallel hole cut blasting with uncharged holes

The cavity formation and propagation process of stress wave from parallel hole cut blasting was simulated with ANSYS/LS-DYNA 3D nonlinear dynamic finite element software. The distribution of element plastic strain, node velocity, node time-acceleration history and the blasting cartridge volume ratio during the process were analyzed. It was found that the detonation of charged holes would cause the interaction of stress wave with the wall of uncharged holes. Initial rock cracking and displacement to neighboring uncharged holes become the main mechanism of cavity formation in early stage.2008 University of Science and Technology Beijing. All rights reserved.     

爆震频率对脉冲爆震发动机性能影响的试验研究

从影响脉冲爆震发动机爆震频率的因素出发,采用汽油为燃料,空气为氧化剂,研究了爆震频率对脉冲爆震发动机性能的影响。试验测取了各个爆震频率下稳定爆震的化学当量比范围,同时测试了不同工况下的爆震波压力、推力及爆震波速,发现当爆震频率较低时,发动机的工作范围较宽,爆震波压力、波速接近充分发展的理想爆震波,说明已产生了稳定、充分发展的爆震,脉冲爆震发动机的平均推力随着爆震频率的提高接近线性增大;但是随着爆震频率的提高,它的稳定工作范围变窄,爆震的强度降低。     

Research on Mechanism of Airshooting

The composition and ultimate principle of airshooting experimental system were expounded, and the mechanism of airshooting was emphatically discussed on the basis of experiments. The results indicate that the fracture of medium under airshooting resultes from both shock action of air-spray and quasi-static dilatation of highpressure air. The action of air-spray leads to the initial fracture of the wail of borehole and arouses stress wave to propagate in the medium. The quasi-static dilatation of high-pressure air results in the propagation of initial fractures and produces shear fracture in the medium along the free boundary. Along the direction of minimum burden,the superposition of quasi-static and dynamic stress fields can prompt the propagation of cracks. The superposition of the reflected wave, which comes from multiple free surfaces, will result in the fracture of medium also if multiple free boundaries exist.     

储罐外爆冲击波数值模拟及超压公式研究

为研究储罐外爆冲击波的传播规律和对储罐安全性的影响,应用软件LS-DYNA建立炸药-储罐的数值模型,并进行空爆数值计算。研究分析储罐外爆冲击波超压的衰减关系和罐体的动力响应,与经验公式的对比验证了模型的可信性,并结合经验公式平均值对数值模拟结果做了进一步修正。结果表明:冲击波运动到迎爆面中心后,外罐主应力在10 ms时迅速达到最大值,随后主应力值迅速减小,并不断振荡;迎爆面中心首先产生较大的拉应力,混凝土外罐的破坏属于脆性破坏;比例距离大于1时,现有超压计算公式拟合超压的衰减规律误差较小,比例距离小于1时,超压计算公式误差较大,修正后的超压计算公式可为储罐抗爆设计提供参考。     

挡墙形状对二维爆炸场影响的数值模拟研究

研究二维爆炸场中挡墙的形状对冲击波传播的影响 .在整个模拟过程中不考虑外力、外源和热交换的影响 ,采用流体网格得到了可压缩流体的偏微分守恒方程 ;并且通过使用多流体网格方法及运用“和”分裂格式完成了输运步的计算 ;同时对于爆轰产物采用了JWL状态方程 ,并将空气简化成理想气体 .最终获得了挡墙的两侧边缘的形状对冲击波传播影响的具体情况 ,并列出了二者之间的关系 .可以看出靠近爆源一侧的挡墙形状对冲击波传播的影响更明显 .     

炮孔爆破中新的岩体断裂理论

本文提出了炮孔中非对称爆炸载荷(如极限偏心装药和特殊药卷)产生的“非对称效应”,分析了这种非对称载荷对无限岩体中炮孔周围裂隙的生成,扩展和最终分布的影响。研究得出:在偏心装药时,在装药与炮孔壁接触面上首先生成裂隙,预先生成的裂隙引起的稀疏波对孔壁上其它方向上的裂纹的生成与扩展有限制作用,这一制约遵循下列必要条件: 根据J一积分原理导出了计算裂隙产生所需时间的理论公式,计算结果与动光弹试验结果基本吻合。 最后,分析了切缝药包爆炸产生非对称载荷的机理,介绍了这项新技术在断裂控制中的应用效果。 本文所提出的关于炮孔爆破中新的岩体断裂理论以及所得出的初步结论对于爆破破岩机理的研究和指导工程实践都具有重要意义。     

镁粉尘燃烧转变为爆轰的研究

本文利用我们研制的多种激波管技术成功地研究了镁粉尘燃烧转变为爆轰(俗称 DDT)过程。研究表明,镁粉尘颗粒大小对镁粉 DDT 过程影响不大。对于强冲击引爆,镁粉尘爆轰压力和速度随着氧含量的增加而急剧增加,它们的相对增加量可达4倍之多;在弱冲击引爆时,镁粉尘仅产生燃烧,其爆炸压力和速度都比较弱;在反射波引爆时,能产生较强的镁粉尖爆轰。本文利用烟膜技术和传感器技术直接证明了镁粉尘爆轰的存在。     

结构参数对凸轮激波滚动活齿传动重合度及齿形特性的影响

推导了凸轮激波滚动活齿传动的重合度公式,分析了结构参数对重合度、中心内齿轮工作齿形及齿顶曲率的影响.分析表明,重合度及齿顶曲率均随传动比的增大而增大;激波凸轮长短半轴相差越大,重合度越大,齿顶曲率越小;长短半轴越接近,中心内齿轮工作齿形越平缓,改变长短半轴之差的大小较改变长短半轴尺寸对中心内齿轮工作齿形及齿顶曲率的影响更为显著.     

钢管混凝土柱对爆炸冲击波影响的数值模拟研究

通过LS-DYNA软件对两种截面的钢管混凝土柱在爆炸荷载下爆炸冲击波的传播过程进行了三维数值模拟。混凝土采用HJC模型,钢管采用了考虑应变率的随动硬化塑形模型,炸药采用TNT炸药,使用LS-DYNA程序中的高能炸药爆轰产物压力-体积关系的JWL状态方程分析了爆炸冲击波的传播过程,得到了在不同比例距离下爆炸冲击波在通过两种截面柱子时超压峰值的衰减及增大规律。     

Numerical Simulation of the Protective Effect of Complex Boundaries Toward Shock Waves in a 3D Explosive Field

A numerical method is presented that simulates 3D explosive field problems.A code MMIC3D using this method can be used to simulate the propagation and reflected effects of all kinds of rigid boundaries to shock waves produced by an explosive source.These numerical results indicate that the code MMIC3Dhas the ability in computing cases such as 3D shock waves produced by air explosion,vortex region of the shock wave,the Mach wave,and ceflected waves behind rigid boundaties.     

煤与瓦斯突出冲击波传播规律研究

应用应力波理论研究了煤与瓦斯突出过程中产生的冲击波在煤体界面上的反射、透射现象,得到了入射、反射和透射超压解析解,根据空气动力学分析了冲击波沿巷道方向传播规律.结果表明：透射超压值为入射超压的两倍,而反射超压值略小于入射超压.冲击波超压与冲击气流、突出的膨胀能量成正比,与通风巷道的截面面积呈反比;当冲击波在单个层状煤体中传播时,它会在其两端自由界面上出现反射,反射波反向卸载,自由面上物体振动速度加倍,又将其撕裂成若干个更薄的层状体;当冲击波传播到构造煤和硬煤岩体的分界面上时,产生了强烈的透射和反射现象,透射波在分界面上叠加,其应力值加倍,煤体受到强烈压缩作用,当其超过软煤强度时,软煤被压裂破坏.     

台阶深孔爆破振动控制

对某水电站蠕变体高边坡的台阶深孔爆破振动进行观测和分析,得到考虑高程效应的爆破地震波衰减经验公式.根据该蠕变体高边坡的特点,提出爆破振动控制标准.由经验公式和控制标准,得出蠕变体高边坡新浇混凝土支护区爆破安全控制参量.最后结合该蠕变体高边坡爆破实测,建议了台阶深孔爆破所需要采取的降震措施.从工程实施效果看,该研究成果与结论得到了较好的应用,保障了该工程爆破的顺利完成.     

Experimental investigation on microstructure behavior of premixed methane-air flame-flow interaction in a semi-vented chamber

To explore the premixed methane-air flame microstructure behavior and the flame-flow interaction,the premixed methane/air flame was studied in a semi-vented chamber.A high speed camera and schlieren images methods were used to record the processes of interaction between rarefaction wave and flame.Meanwhile,a pressure sensor was utilized to catch the pressure variation in the process of flame propagation.The experiment results showed that the interference of rarefaction wave on flame caused the flame front structure change,which led to the flame transition from laminar to turbulent quickly.The rarefaction wave intervened in the flame by turning the flame front surface into dentiform structure.The violent turbulent combustion began to appear in part of the flame front and spreaded to the whole flame front surface.The rarefaction also decreased the flame propagation speed.     

岩体巷道光面爆破参数比较分析与应用

光面爆破效果主要取决于岩石条件、炸药性质及光爆参数,岩石条件不同,则光面爆破参数应作相应调整.为将光面爆破更合理地应用于不同条件下的岩石,基于爆炸应力波和爆生气体共同作用理论,提出了普通光面爆破及计入损伤光面爆破参数计算公式.实例及分析说明：基于爆炸应力波和爆生气体综合作用理论的光面爆破计算公式是合理的,适用于不同岩石条件光面爆破参数的确定;在孔深、孔径和装药相同的条件下,岩石越完整,稳定程度越高,其光面爆破的周边眼间距越小;计入损伤时,光面爆破的周边眼间距可适当增大;岩石单轴抗压强度较大,则装药不耦合系数可取较小值,以提高炸药爆炸能量利用率,单轴抗拉强度越高,则光面爆破的周边眼间距值越小.     

爆震燃烧横向声振现象的机理研究

发展了一种新型低能量(50 mJ)单级起爆系统,在内径为60 mm的脉冲爆震发动机模型上,采用汽油/空气混合物,成功地进行了两相脉冲爆震发动机原理性实验,所测量的爆震波压力接近充分发展的爆震波。通过实验发现,爆震反应区中存在频率范围为10~12 kHz以爆震管内径为特征尺度的横向声振现象。当对爆震波时间-压力曲线进行该频段范围的带阻滤波时,爆震波峰值压力显著降低,说明该横向声振现象对于爆压等特性参数具有较为明显的影响作用。根据爆震波的横向声振机制,提出了在爆燃向爆震转变过程及爆震自持过程中,通过抑止或促进这种横向声振机制来实现对爆震波及其转变过程进行控制的方法。