The wettability of zirconia refractories with iron and aluminum melts

Conclusions An investigation of the wettability of zirconia refractories with molten aluminum and iron showed that regardless of the amount of stabilizing oxide in the material the refractories are wetted more rapidly with the molten iron. Aluminum and iron melts both wet the refractory more rapidly when the latter is produced from a cubic solid solution containing a large amount of stabilizing oxide.When wetted with the melts of aluminum and iron a zirconia refractory acquires a zonal structure, the ZrO₂ in the reaction zone being partly destabilized.Translated from Ogneupory, No. 8, pp. 35–38, August, 1976.     

Interaction of periclase and corundum refractories with iron and iron-manganese melts

Conclusions The authors have experimentally investigated the reaction of periclase and corundum refractories with iron and iron-manganese melts. They propose a physicochemical scheme of the reaction, taking account of the characteristics of the composition and structure of the specimens. They show the influence of manganese and of the composition of the primary oxide phase on the character of the reaction. The coefficients of diffusion of the primary oxide phase in periclase grains have been determined.Translated from Ogneupory, No. 7, pp. 35–40, July, 1980.     

Dissolving of baddeleyite-corundum refractories in optical glass melts

Translated from Steklo i Keramika, No. 2, pp. 4–6, February, 1993.     

Interaction of magnesium-containing refractories and melts of optical glass

The interaction of magnesium-containing refractory materials and optical glasses is considered. It is shown that in most cases such materials cannot be used in glass melting because their corrosion resistance is lower than in conventional refractories owing to the formation of stones and crystalline inclusions in the glass. It is possible to use magnesium-containing refractories for melting high-lead glass.     

Action of high temperature gas streams on zirconia refractories

Conclusions We investigated the erosion resistance of zirconia stabilized with CaO in the temperature range 1700–2350°C as a function of a gas current velocity of from 300 to 730 m/see.The erosion rate increases exponentially with temperature rise, and its dependence on the velocity of the current approximates to a linear rule. The highest erosion rate is noted in the first hours of the gas current action on the specimens, which is connected with the removal of impurities and weakly bonded grains, and also the formation of a surface layer of material.The erosion rate essentially depends on the composition and structure of the material.Incorporating potassium in the gas current increases the erosion rate 10–25%, but does not alter the nature of the relationship between the erosion and temperature of the current and its action time.Translated from Ogneupory, No. 6, pp. 45–50, June, 1968.     

铁尾矿质耐火材料比热的研究

针对炼钢尾矿的环境污染和资源再利用问题,本文提出了利用铁尾矿添加轻烧镁粉合成镁橄榄石质耐火材料的方法。实验室通过配比两种合成材料骨料,使用DSC法测定了不同配比的合成材料的比热。实验室测试结果显示新型实验合成材料有较高的比热,并且蓄热能力强。     

Wetting of aluminosilicate refractories with cast iron

Conclusions The magnitude of the wetting angle of molten cast iron on aluminosilicate refractories depends on the structure, phase composition, and physicochemical properties of the solid material and the melt. An increase in the temperature from 1140 to 1500°C causes the wettability of the refractories by molten cast iron to increase as a result of the increase in the content and chemical activity of the liquid phase in the refractory.An increase in the open porosity of sintered kaolin refractories from 8 to 16% results in a decrease in the wetting angle of cast iron at 1350 and 1500°C from 122 to 108° and from 119 to 102°, respectively; at 1140°C the wetting angle increases with the open porosity.The largest wetting angles of cast iron occur on high-density mullite and kaolin refractories containing a minimum of glass phase.Translated from Ogneupory, No. 5, pp. 35–38, May, 1978.     

Effect of temperature on the corrosion of refractories in glass melts (Review)

Translated from Steklo i Keramika, No. 12, p. 12–14, December, 1991.     

Corrosion resistance of granular refractories in melts of glasses E and C

The effect of glass melts E and C used for fiber glass production on refractories with a granular structure is investigated. It is established that refractory KhS-MVU is resistant to glasses of both types. __________ Translated from Steklo i Keramika, No. 5, pp. 23–25, May, 2006.     

Effect of iron oxide on the phase composition of zirconia refractories

Conclusions It has been established that in the compositions ZrO₂Y₂O₃Fe₂O₃ and ZrO₂Nd₂O₃Fe₂O₃ the processes of formation of rare earth ferrites and ZrO₂ cubic solid solutions occur simultaneously. At temperatures of up to 1300°C the ferrite-formation process is fastest; with a further increase in the temperature the synthesis of ZrO₂ cubic solid solutions is significantly intensified.In the mixture of CaO, ZrO₂, and Fe₂O₃, the calcium oxide reacts only with ZrO₂.The greatest stability in relation to the action of Fe₂O₃ is clearly found in the case of the zirconia-calcium oxide solid solutions.In the mixtures of cubic solid solutions of Nd₂Zr₂O₇-ZrO₂ or ZrO₂-Y₂O₃ and Fe₂O₃, an interaction is only possible in the case where the synthesis of ferrites is not accompanied by the restructuring of the crystal lattice of ZrO₂, i. e., by destabilization of the material.The presence of Fe₂O₃ prevents the decomposition of zirconia-calcium oxide and zirconia-neodymium oxide solid solutions under conditions of prolonged heating in air at 1300°C. The zirconia-yttria cubic solid solution is the most stable and does not decompose, regardless of the concentration of Fe₂O₃, after a dwell of 250 h at 1300°C.Translated from Ogneupory, No. 1, pp. 45–49, January, 1980.     

Effect of iron oxides on the service life of periclase-spinellide refractories

Conclusions The conducted tests showed that low-silica periclase-spinellide refractories having an excess iron content in the chromium-containing component are not suitable for use because of their rapid slag-induced chemical corrosion.In continuously operating metallurgical units where splitting of the lining due to the action of the slags is not a decisive factor, it is advisable to use refractories having the optimum content of iron oxides for the formation of a homogeneous spinellide matrix.In units operating cyclically under the most severe conditions (for example, in the ASEA-SKF type installations), the periclase-spinellide products in which the spinellide having the minimum content of iron oxides acts as a fused synthetic chromium-containing component are suitable since they exhibit the best high-temperature thermomechanical properties and stability.Translated from Ogneupory, No. 7/8, pp. 8–11, July–August, 1992.     

钢铁工艺优化对耐火材料发展的影响

以当前钢铁冶金主流程为线索,系统介绍了耐火材料近20年来随着冶金工艺优化而发展的历程,同时展望了钢铁工业用耐火材料今后的发展趋势。