直切式旋风分离器内非主流流动的研究

讨论了直切式分离器环形空间及排尘口附近二次涡流的非对称性及其形成原因,并研究了分离器处理量对二次流的影响关系。研究发现,随着分离器处理量的增加,芯管下口短路流量增加,无量纲短路流量保持不变,即短路流亦存在"自模化";排尘口附近的湍流强度随分离器处理量的增加而增强。     

旋风分离器结构优化试验

旋风分离器在石油化工和天然气集输领域应用十分广泛,利用化工方面的经验,通过大量的性能对比实验来对旋风分离分离效率进行优化,首先对分离单管按原设计尺寸进行对次重复对比标定实验,然后以此为基础进行改进单管的研制实验,针对加灰斗和4种不同的灰斗开缝结构展开试验,优选出一种在分离效率、压降两方面都具有优势的最佳结构,试验表明KD结构最优。     

旋风分离器芯管结构改进的试验研究

在PV型旋风分离器的基础上对其芯管结构进行了改进,并通过正交试验得到了一种新的斜切芯管结构。性能对比试验结果表明,当入口气速为20m/s时,相对于基准模型,改进结构的压降平均降低10%,跑损率降低15%。     

双循环旋风分离器分离性能的实验研究

双循环旋风分离器采用筒锥结构,有2个切向进气口,即主进气口和回流口,分别位于筒体的中部和顶端。排灰口底部设有稳流锥,灰仓侧壁设置了抽气口。通过实验研究了进口位置、进口气速、稳流锥和抽气操作对此新设备分离性能的影响。实验设备直径为0.250 m,实验物料采用粒径0.1—36μm,平均粒径为8.72μm的石英砂。结果表明:主进口进料,风速在12—19 m/s变化时,总分离效率为98.5%—99.17%,可以基本去除大于3μm的颗粒。主进口进料比回流口进料总分离效率大1.5%—3.5%。采用主进气口进料时,稳流锥可以提高总分离效率0.15%—0.2%,抽气操作可以提高总分离效率0.3%—0.4%;回流口进料时,分别提高1.5%—2%和0.6%—1%。     

双循环旋风分离器除尘机理的数值模拟

双循环旋风分离器通过将主进口设置在筒体中部,将顶部进气口设置为回流口,消除了进气口附近的二次流,避免了短路流,将大于3μm颗粒的分离效率提高至接近100%,并避免了少量11—15μm颗粒的短路逃逸。为了探索该设备的除尘机理,借助CFD软件,通过数值模拟研究的方式,辅助分析了2种进气口在分离性能上不同,传统旋风分离器不能完全分离3—8μm和11—15μm颗粒的机理,以及消除二次流的方法。计算结果表明:当回流气速低于主进气速时,会产生类似于顶端进气口的现象,即二次流、灰环和短路流,降低了小于6μm颗粒的分离效率。当回流气速略大于主进气速时,可以完全消除主进气口附近的二次流,使得所有粒径颗粒的分离效率都较高。模拟结果与实验结果从定性的角度符合较好。     

顺流式旋风分离器的分离性能研究

采用冷态对比实验研究从灰斗引出排气管的新型顺流式旋风分离器的分离性能。试验考察了导流体直径、导流体长度、导流体-排气管口距离、排气口直径等结构因素对分离性能的影响以及不同入口气速条件下的分离性能。研究结果为该类型旋风分离器的优化设计提供了依据。     

提高旋风分离器效率的研究和探讨

1前言旋风分离器在炼油、石油化工及能源工业等方面起着越来越大的作用，应用十分广泛。旋风分离器无论是哪一种结构类型，都是从旋分器内薄弱环节入手而加以改进的新型高效旋风分离器。但是，旋分器内气固两相流动十分复杂．迄今尚无成熟的分离理论与数学模型．因而从旋分器设计技术上来提高旋风分离器的效率．目前存在着两个缺陷：①只考虑单个颗粒的运动，忽视颗粒群间的相互影响。②只考虑典型断面上的气流分布情况，而没有考虑许多薄弱环节的综合影响。为此，本文着重从旋风分离器结构上入手，通过优化各部分尺寸的匹配，采用特殊内部…     

旋风分离器进出口结构改进的研究进展

旋风分离器作为一种重要的气固分离设备,广泛应用于化工、环保等重要领域。由于其结构上的可设计性,世界上越来越多的研究者投入到旋风分离器的结构改进研究开发中。文章综述了国内外近几年对旋风分离器进气口、排气口和排尘口等结构改进的研究进展,为新型旋风分离器的研究提供了有价值的信息。此外,应用计算流体动力学技术优化旋风分离器的结构来降低研究成本是值得重视的。     

旋风螺旋式油分离器的设计与应用

为解决钛白粉机房油烟的污染,该厂自行设计并制造了10台旋风式油分离器,投运二年多,分离效率达99％以上,测定阻力为164.64Pa。本文介绍了其设计核算数据。     

旋风分离器选用的程序设计

按不同使用要求，设计出旋风分离器选用的计算程序，利用本程序可快速、准确地选出所适用的型号规格。     

Experimental investigations on a cyclone separator performance at an extremely low particle concentration

In order to evaluate the influence of extremely low particle concentration on separation performance of cyclone separator, the overall collection efficiencies and grade efficiencies of a cyclone separator with particle concentrations of 5-2000 mg/m³ and inlet velocities of 6-30 m/s have been investigated under ambient temperature and atmospheric pressure conditions. Aerosol spectrometer based on measuring particle number is used to measure the particle concentrations and particle size distributions of the inlet and outlet of the cyclone separator. The overall efficiency is equal to the ratio of the particle concentration difference between the inlet and outlet of the cyclone separator to the inlet particle concentration. The grade efficiency is obtained by comparing the particle size distributions of the inlet and outlet of the cyclone separator. The effects of particle concentration on separation performance are predicted by Smolik empirical model. Particle agglomeration, which has been found in the inlet and outlet of the cyclone separator, has a very important influence on the collection efficiencies and grade efficiencies of the cyclone separator at the particle concentration of 5-2000 mg/m³. The cut sizes for different inlet gas velocity with extremely low particle concentration can be quantitatively calculated by Barth model, Mothes and Loffer model and Muschelknautz model, respectively. Experimental results show that the overall collection efficiencies and grade efficiencies increased with the increasing particle concentrations and inlet velocities, and most of the particles with the diameter bigger than 10 μm can be removed by cyclone separator.     

Analysis of the nutation and precession of the vortex core and the influence of operating parameters in a cyclone separator

Vortices motion in the anisotropic turbulent flow of cyclones makes a vital impact on flow stability and collection performance. Nevertheless, there remains a lack of clarity in the overall feature of vortices motion. In this work, a numerical analysis was conducted to clarify the complex motion of the vortex core in a cyclone separator. The validity of the numerical model was demonstrated by comparing the computational results with experimental data in the literature. As revealed by the results, the vortex core not only has a precession motion about the geometrical center axis but also does a nutation motion in the axial direction. The frequencies of the precession motions show two main peaks. And the magnitudes of the precession and nutation motions have non-uniform distributions in the cyclone. Moreover, the precession-nutation motions of the vortex cores exhibit a similar fluctuant pattern to the dust ring on the separator wall. The inlet gas velocity and the inlet solid loading show vital effects on the magnitudes and frequencies of precession and nutation motion.     

Solids concentration simulation of different size particles in a cyclone separator

To deepen our knowledge of the flow in cyclones, the solids concentrations of different size particles in a scroll cyclone separator were numerically simulated by using the Lagrange approach on the platform of commercial CFD software package, FLUENT 6.1. The numerical calculations visualize that there exists a spiral dust strand near the cyclone wall and a dust ring beneath the cyclone top plate. There are two regions in the radial solids concentration distribution, with which the solids concentration is low in the inner region (r/R(dimensionless radial position) ≤ 0.75) and increases greatly in the outer region (r/R > 0.75). Large particles generally have higher concentration in the wall region and small particles have higher concentration in inner vortex region. The axial distribution of the solids concentration in the inner vortex region (r/R ≤ 0.3) shows that serious fine particle re-entrainment exists within the height of 0.5 D (cyclone diameter) above the dust discharge port. We study the effect of solids particle on the gas flow field by two-way couple. The concepts of back-mixing rate, first escaping rate and second escaping rate are proposed for quantifying the local flow phenomena.     

旋风分离器设计计算的研究

在理论研究和设计实践的基础上 ,提出了旋风分离器的设计计算方法。     

直流降膜式旋风除雾器的性能与工业应用

研究开发设计出了一种新型高效的除雾设备———直流降膜式旋风除雾器,实验测定了其压降、除雾效果及液膜在器壁上的成膜情况,并在实验基础上进行了工业放大,工厂应用表明该除雾器具有压降低、除雾效率高、防器壁结壳的特点。     

环流式旋风除尘器内颗粒运动的数值模拟

采用CFD软件Fluent提供的雷诺应力模型（RSM）和随机轨道模型,对环流式旋风除尘器内颗粒运动轨迹进行了数值模拟研究。预测了不同粒径颗粒的运动轨迹和分离效率。结果表明：颗粒在环流式旋风除尘器内的运动路径比常规除尘器长;特殊的流路设计,避免了常规旋风除尘器易产生的上灰环和颗粒短路问题,使除尘效率大幅度提高;除尘器内颗粒运动有较强的随机性,尤其对于小颗粒,受气流湍动影响显著。对不同粒径颗粒分离效率的预测表明：环流式旋风除尘器的分割粒径为1．25μm。     

CFD–DEM simulation of the gas–solid flow in a cyclone separator

In this work, a numerical study of the gas–solid flow in a gas cyclone is carried out by use of the combined discrete element method (DEM) and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model where the motion of discrete particles phase is obtained by DEM which applies Newton’s equations of motion to every individual particle and the flow of continuum fluid by the traditional CFD which solves the Navier–Stokes equations at a computational cell scale. The model successfully captures the key flow features in a gas cyclone, such as the strands flow pattern of particles, and the decrease of pressure drop and tangential velocity after loading solids. The effect of solid loading ratio is studied and analysed in terms of gas and solid flow structures, and the particle–gas, particle–particle and particle–wall interaction forces. It is found that the gas pressure drop increases first and then decreases when solids are loaded. The reaction force of particles on gas flow is mainly in the tangential direction and directs mainly upward in the axial direction. The reaction force in the tangential direction will decelerate gas phase and the upward axial force will prevent gas phase from flowing downward in the near wall region. The intensive particle–wall collision regions mainly locate in the wall opposite to the cyclone inlet and the cone wall. Moreover, as the solid loading ratio increases, number of turns travelled by solids in a cyclone decreases especially in the apex region of the cyclone while the width of solid strands increases, the pressure drop and tangential velocity decrease, the high axial velocity region moves upwards, and the radial flow of gas phase is significantly dampened.     

Development of a symmetrical spiral inlet to improve cyclone separator performance

Three cyclone separators with different inlet geometry were designed, which include a conventional tangential single inlet (CTSI), a direct symmetrical spiral inlet (DSSI), and a converging symmetrical spiral inlet (CSSI). The effects of inlet type on cyclone performance characteristics, including the collection efficiency and pressure drop, were investigated and compared as a function of particle size and flow rate in this paper. Experimental result indicated that the symmetrical spiral inlet (SSI), especially CSSI inlet geometry, has effect on significantly increasing collection efficiency with insignificantly increasing pressure drop. In addition, the results of collection efficiency and pressure drop comparison between the experimental data and the theoretical model were also involved.     

蜗壳式旋风分离器气相流场的非轴对称特性的模拟

采用Fluent软件提供的雷诺应力模型（RSM）对蜗壳式旋风分离器内气相流场进行了数值模拟,重点考察流场的非轴对称特性.模拟结果表明旋风分离器环形空间的流场呈现明显的非轴对称分布;筒体空间和锥体空间的流场也存在一定的非轴对称性.旋风分离器流场的非轴对称性是由于其入口结构不对称产生的,其主要特点是沿轴向气流的旋转中心与旋风分离器的几何中心不重合,旋转中心偏离几何中心的距离和方位在不同的轴向位置而不同,最大约为0.07R.由于气流旋转中心偏离旋风分离器的几何中心,使参考几何中心的径向速度分布呈现明显的非轴对称性,一部分向内,一部分向外.