模拟海洋环境下GH4169合金电化学行为

GH4169合金是一种高温合金，具有优越的耐腐蚀特性，为探究合金在海洋装备上的应用，本课题研究了其在高盐度海洋环境中的电化学行为。利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜和能谱分析研究了GH4169合金的微观结构，利用电化学工作站研究了GH4169合金在2.0 g/ml、2.5 g/ml、3.0 g/ml、3.5 g/ml NaCl溶液中的电化学行为。实验结果表明：GH4169合金经1000℃×1h、水淬，以及780℃×3h固溶处理后微观组织主要为奥氏体γ相，等轴晶粒，晶粒中存在细小弥散的第二相颗粒（γ′相、γ′′相）；随Na Cl溶液浓度的增加，GH4169合金的耐腐蚀性能逐渐降低、自腐蚀电位逐渐变负、自腐蚀电流密度逐渐增大，其中3.5 g/ml NaCl溶液中分别为-0.251 V和9.552e-8A；抗腐蚀性能的降低主要是由于海洋环境中Cl-对金属表面钝化层的破坏导致的。     

扫描间隙对激光粉床熔融GH4169合金微观组织及硬度的影响

目的 研究相同激光功率、扫描速度及粉层厚度条件下,激光粉床熔融GH4169合金微观组织、硬度及密度在不同扫描间隙条件下的演变规律.方法 采用激光粉床熔融设备制备了GH4169合金试样,通过扫描电子显微镜对微观组织进行了观察,采用硬度仪测量了试样硬度,基于阿基米德原理测量了试样密度.结果 随着扫描间隙的增加,激光粉床熔融...     

超细晶化对高温合金GH4169性能的影响

为了研究超细晶化对高温合金GH4169机械性能的影响。对超细晶GH4169合金与普通GH4169合金在室温，高温的力学性能及较低应变速率下，950℃时的超塑拉伸性能进行了对比。结果表明：超细晶GH4169合金相对于普通GH4169合金其室温强度有所提高；超细晶GH4169合金在950℃有很好的超塑性，相对于普通GH4169合金其流动应力大大降低，可用于超塑成形。     

高温合金GH4169管材挤压工艺及组织分析

对高温合金GH4169管材挤压成形进行了工艺研究.确定了GH1140管材挤压成形工艺参数,分析了GH4169管材挤压力能参数变化规律.分析了管材挤压对组织性能的影响.研究结果发现,GH4169管材挤压成形时必须严格控制坯料温度、模具预热温度、润滑方式、挤压速度、挤压比等工艺参数.     

锻态GH4169合金热变形本构方程及热加工图

目的 研究锻态GH4169合金的热变形行为,获得优化的热加工参数。方法 采用Gleeble 3500热模拟实验机对锻态GH4169合金进行不同工艺参数的热压缩实验,建立锻态GH4169合金的热变形本构方程,分析流变应力与热加工参数之间的关系。根据获得的流变应力–应变曲线建立锻态GH4169合金的热加工图。采用金相显微镜观察锻态GH4169合金变形后的显微组织。结果 锻态GH4169合金的应力随变形温度的增加和应变速率的降低而降低。基于锻态GH4169合金的热加工图可知,锻态GH4169合金可热加工的区域分别为987～1 027℃/0.026～0.01 s^-1和1 070～1 100℃/0.026～0.01 s^-1,最优热加工参数分别为1 000℃/0.01 s^-1和1100℃/0.01s^-1。通过金相组织结果分析可知,锻态GH4169合金无论在低温高应变速率条件下,还是在高温低应变速率条件下都发生了再结晶。对于热加工图中的流变失稳区,合金的动态再结晶主要与变形热有关。对于热加工图中可热加工的区域,合...     

激光立体成形GH4169高温合金γ″相的高温粗化行为

采用激光立体成形技术制备GH4169高温合金块体,对其在720~780℃温度区间进行不同保温时间的双级时效处理,采用微观测试分析方法对高温短时时效处理后γ″相的形态、尺寸变化及粗化动力学行为进行研究。结果表明:激光立体成形GH4169合金在不同保温时间双级时效条件下,γ″相形态基本为圆盘形;和保温时间相比,时效温度对γ″相的影响更为显著;γ″相的粗化规律符合Lifshitz-Slyozov-Wagner(LSW)理论,计算获得γ″的粗化激活能Q=281.85kJ/mol,较锻造GH4169合金的γ″粗化激活能略高,表明激光立体成形GH4169合金的组织稳定性优于锻态。     

GH4169合金变应变速率热变形过程动态再结晶动力学行为及建模

目的 研究变应变速率高温变形过程中GH4169合金动态再结晶行为和晶粒组织的演变机理.方法 在不同变应变速率工况下对GH4169合金进行高温压缩实验,分析了变形参数对动态再结晶行为与晶粒组织的影响规律,建立变应变速率工艺下GH4169动态再结晶动力学和晶粒尺寸预测模型.结果 随着第一阶段真应变的增加或第一阶段/第二阶段...     

GH93合金长期时效对组织稳定性和性能的影响

本文研究了GH93合金经700℃和800℃长期时效对其组织稳定性和室温、高温拉伸性能及高温持久性能的影响。结果证明,GH93合金经700℃时效后的组织是稳定的。     

复合熔盐净化剂优化对GH4169高温合金过冷的影响

采用复合熔盐净化法对GH4169高温合金的深过冷进行研究,通过正交实验优化出GH4169高温合金深过冷的最优净化剂及工艺参数,从而使GH4169高温合金获得了250K的大过冷度,同时探讨了复合熔盐净化剂及工艺参数作用机理;通过对不同过冷度下凝固组织的观察发现,随着过冷度的增加,合金组织明显细化,并发生两次晶粒转变,由树枝晶向粒状晶转变。当过冷度超过250K后,晶粒平均尺寸达到5.5μm。     

直接时效热连轧GH4169合金的力学性能与变形特征

通过对热连轧GH4169合金进行直接时效处理、组织形貌观察和力学性能测试,研究了直接时效热连轧合金的力学性能和变形特征.结果表明,直接时效热连轧GH4169合金组织由细小晶粒组成,具有明显的形变孪晶特征,且有细小#$和#%相在合金中弥散析出,可提高合金强度.在实验温度范围内,合金的抗拉和屈服强度随着温度的升高而逐渐下降;在拉伸过程中,直接时效热连轧GH4169合金的变形特征是孪晶变形和位错的双取向滑移;在拉伸后期,大量微孔沿晶界或晶内形成并聚合形成裂纹,致使合金发生韧性断裂.     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.