智能型1∶1电动助力车控制系统的研究

为提高我国电动自行车厂家的市场竞争力,研制出一款新颖的智能型1∶1助力车。在详细阐述1∶1电动助力车的实现原理及其方案的基础上,提出采用经特殊设计的速度传感器和扭矩传感器采集人力脚踩速度和扭矩,并利用PIC16C712单片机作为信号处理与中心控制单元,以完成对人力脚踩输出功率的计算,并根据该功率的大小控制直流驱动电机的输出,实现真正意义上的1∶1助力。此外,为提高使用性能和安全性能,PIC16C712单片机还能够对该车的工作状况进行实时监测和控制。经测试表明：该车完全符合有关的1∶1技术标准,与同类车相比,该车在可靠性、使用性和性价比等方面呈现出明显的优势。     

基于PIC单片机的矿用甲烷传感器的设计

针对传统的甲烷传感器测量精度低、稳定性差、缺乏智能性等问题,介绍了一种智能甲烷传感器的设计方案。该传感器采用多个甲烷气敏元件,以PIC16F877单片机为控制核心,采用C语言进行程序设计。通过单片机控制甲烷传感器,实现对井下甲烷浓度实时采集、处理,并当所测甲烷浓度超过设定的报警上、下限时自动报警,使矿工能够及时脱离危险,是煤矿传感器设计的首选器件。     

基于51单片机智能小车的设计与实现

本文主要介绍基于STC12C5A60S2系列单片机的智能小车设计。该芯片是集高速，低功耗，超强抗干扰的新一代8051单片机．指令代码完全兼容传统8051，但速度快8-12倍。利用壁障传感器检测道路上的障碍，控制电动小车的自动避障，并可以测量小车速度和实时传输现场画面。     

同步发电机无传感器转速测量方法及应用

介绍了一种无需转速传感器的单片机检测同步发电机转速的方法.利用PIC16C57单片机的I/O端口直接从发电机输出的相电压取样,测定正半波的时间宽度作为测量动力机转速的依据,从而省去了转速传感器,简化了安装和调试,降低了系统成本,也简化了PIC16C57外围电路的设计.同时给出了晶闸管自励恒压交流同步发电机在防止低速励磁发生中的应用方法.     

基于PIC16F877单片机的公交车智能投币机设计

介绍应用PIC单片机对硬币进行鉴别的原理及其在公交车智能投币机系统中的具体实现。系统采用电涡流传感器对%硬币进行信号检测收集,使用PIC16F877作为设计的核心数字信号处理部分,在软件方面使用速度加权算法,目标是硬币的正确辨识率达到98%以上。     

PIC单片机芯片在电涡流传感器温度补偿中的应用

为提高传感器的温度性能，利用PIC单片机对传感器进行温度补偿。内嵌基于一定算法的用户程序，以达到对于特定温度的特性补偿、软件修正及实时控制，取得了理想的测量和控制效果。     

单片机在扭矩测量中的应用

本文介绍一种扭矩测量系统，它使用单片机、磁电式扭矩传感器和简单的电路实现扭矩的测量，具有结构简单、性能稳定、抗干扰、精度高等特点。     

一种基于PIC16F877的温度显示报警装置的设计与实现

本文使用铂热电阻PT100作为温度测量传感器,采用三线制桥式电路将非电量的温度信号转换为电压信号,并通过集成A/D转换技术的单片机PIC16F877完成数据采集、处理、显示,实现了对温度的精确测量报警.     

PIC16C66单片机在多费率电能表设计中的应用

文章介绍了以Microchip公司的PIC16C66单片机为CPU的多费率电能表接口设计。该表用ADE7755作为计量芯片，采用液晶显示并具有RS－485接口和红外通讯两种通讯方式。     

基于AVR单片机的模拟现场的系统设计

在许多场合，许多工业应用都需在实验室进行实验，获得实验数据并做好测试，最后投入到现场应用中，本设计基于ATmega16单片机综合实验系统．以单片机为核心，以温度传感器，压力传感器等各类数字传感器组成系统的前向通道，通过A／D和D／A转换模块实现模拟量的采集和控制，在通讯方面，采用IIC总线来实现单片机以及其他IIC器件的通讯，用nrf2401芯片实现数据的远程采集以及远程控制，利用串行通信方式建立起单片机与电脑之间的数据传输以及通过电脑对系统进行人为调节和控制，采用12864液晶对系统部分数据进行显示。     

面向产业化的电动城市客车关键技术研究

电动汽车的产业化面临整车性能、成本和可靠性的问题,HFF6112GK50EV型电动客车作为国内第一款列入国家发展与改革委员会车辆产品公告的电动汽车,在关键技术的研究过程中充分考虑了这些问题。电动客车的关键技术包括动力系统、整车车身结构设计与分析、整车控制和能量管理系统等。对上述关键技术进行了研究,试验结果显示,在有效控制整车成本的基础上,该车动力性和经济性均超过合同规定的指标并达到国内先进水平,并且通过了5 000 km可靠性考核试验,目前正在接受公交工况的运行考核。     

电动转向系统稳定性能与抗干扰性能的研究

对电动转向系统的稳定性进行了研究．分析了路面激励干扰、传感器噪声对系统性能的影响，并将传统的PD控制算法和H∞控制理论相结合．应用于转向控制系统的研究，设计了控制器。计算机仿真结果证明，所设计的电动转向系统具有良好的稳定性、能够有效地抑制路面高频激励干扰和转矩传感器测量噪声对系统的影响。     

DSP-based electric power assisted steering using BLDC motor

This paper introduces a design and implementation of electrically assisted power steering (EAS) using BLDC motor for a vehicle. The control architecture consists of two layers of control, namely the vehicle speed associated control and the torque assist control. In the higher level of control architecture, the vehicle speed controller works as an assistance level controller for the steering effort. In the lower level, the torque controller gives the effort level control. This has been realized by torque sensor and vehicle sensor interfaced in the DSP. For implementing in the system, a DSP-based BLDC motor controller with three-phase inverter module is specially designed using Hall-effect sensor feedback and a single dc-link current sensor. This work is implemented in a Light Commercial Vehicle having a recirculating ball type gear. This is for the first time (EAS) being implemented for this type of vehicle any where in the world. Generally, EAS having clutch to disconnect the motor in high speed or abnormal conditions from the gear box. In this implementation the motor is directly coupled to gearbox without clutch and all abnormalities are handled by the processor. This is implemented without modifying the vehicle supply system like changing the existing alternator or rating of the battery and using the existing sensors. The design is such a way that the feel of the driver assistance can be varied easily at any time. The performance of the control system is experimentally verified and it is tested in one of the Light Commercial Vehicle (LCV).     

Load torque estimation problem for electric machinery servo systems by an inverse method

Abstract

This study analyzes a load torque estimation problem for an electric machinery servo system using the recursive input estimation (RIE) algorithm. This study also presents four novel estimation models, which have different numbers of sensors, considers the process and the measurement noise to estimate load torque without a torque sensor. The proposed algorithm is a novel estimation technique for solving force feedback and state estimation problems for an electric machinery servo control system. In this work, the DC servomotor system is utilized as an electric machinery servo system, and four important RIE characteristics were verified by numerical simulation results: (i) Adaptive forgetting factor in the RIE algorithm can estimate load torque more effectively than constant forgetting factor; (ii) The significant variation of control input and/or load torque impact affects the estimation precision; (iii) The high‐performance load torque estimation model can be established based only on the given control input and techogenerator sensor; (iv) Using different degrees of model errors, the estimation of the performance tendency toward good or bad for control input and load torque are the same. This characteristic shows that good estimated performance for an unknown load torque can be confirmed based on the strength of good control input estimated performance. In other words, model error can be identified via the deterministic control input and its estimation results. The proposed models may have practical applications for solving disturbance compensation problems in electric machinery servo systems.     

基于ARM核芯片的嵌入式电动头性能测试系统

 为满足核电站对电动头性能定期检测和实时监控的需要,采用“一加四”的结构形式,研发了一套基于ARM核芯片的嵌入式电动头性能测试系统．系统采用AT91M55800A作为MCU,μc／os—Ⅰ作为RTOS,同时配套研制了一套自标定系统以较正转矩传感器的误差,提高测试精度．通过长时间运行表明,该系统具有高精度、高可靠性、强实时性以及良好性价比等特点．     

Simulation and validation of a hybrid-power gas engine heat pump

Hybrid-power gas engine heat pump (HPGHP) combines hybrid power technology with gas engine heat pump, which can keep the gas engine working in the economical zone. In this paper, a steady-state model of the HPGHP in heating condition has been established, the optimal torque curve control strategy is proposed to distribute power between the gas engine and battery pack. The main operating parameters of the HPGHP system are simulated on Matlab/Simulink and validated by experimental data, such as operating temperature, coefficient of performance (COP), fuel-consumed rate, etc. Heating capacity and COP of the heating pump system are validated under different ambient temperatures and water flow rates. The simulation and experiment results shows acceptable agreement, the maximum difference is respectively 8.9%, 5.9%, 9.5% and 8.2% for engine torque, motor torque, reclaimed heat and fuel-consumed rate. Based on the simulation results, HPGHP has the lowest fuel-consumed rate of 283 g (kWh)⁻¹ at engine speed of 3000 rpm; the PER of HPGHP system is about 15.9% and 11.4% higher than the GHP under the same load in Mode C and D.     

一种振动转矩传感器标定方法研究

提出了一种标定振动转矩传感器的方法。标定系统包括振动转矩激励源、振动转矩传感器和可调负载,工作时3者同轴相连。振动转矩激励源通电后产生的电磁转矩包括恒定分量和振动分量,且两者的幅值大小相同,因此,标定系统稳态运行时,根据转矩平衡方程可知,负载值与振动转矩的幅值相同,通过记录振动转矩传感器的输出电压和负载值即可实现标定。最后对振动转矩传感器进行了标定实验,振动转矩传感器的灵敏度系数达到4.58V/(N·m)。     

Electric vehicle battery charging framework using artificial intelligence modeling of a small wind turbine based on experimental characterization

The objective of this paper is to develop a generic electric vehicle battery charging framework using wind energy as the direct energy source. A robust model for a small vertical axis wind turbine based on an artificial neural network algorithm is used for predicting its performance over a wide range of operating conditions. The proposed framework can be implemented at any location worldwide where full prediction of the wind signature is perfectly obtained. In this paper, a small vertical axis wind turbine has been experimentally characterized at different operating conditions, where measured data, output power, and torque have been used to build the model. Once the model has been developed, the model is inserted into the MATLAB/Simulink software tool to predict the charging performance of a battery for an electric vehicle. An rpm controller has been used to achieve the maximum generated power from the wind turbine across the day with various wind speeds. Hence, the generated power is fed to the EV battery charger to implement the constant current constant voltage charging protocol. The charging current reached the desired value in a settling time of 4.5 s, whatever the intermittency of the wind energy. The proposed application of wind energy to EV provides sufficient constant power supported by the utility grid.

Graphical Abstract

     

Design of interaction cavity of a 170-GHz, 1-MW gyrotron for ECRH application

The design of the interaction cavity of a 170 GHz gyrotron operating in the TE_34,10 mode is presented in this article. An in-house developed code GCOMS and Particle-in-Cell (PIC) code MAGIC are used for the mode selection and beam-wave interaction simulations, respectively. The cold cavity analysis and beam-wave interaction computation are carried out to analyze the eigenmode and output power, respectively. A thorough parametric analysis of the interaction cavity geometry and electron beam parameters is also carried out with respect to the output power and frequency. The results show the capability of the interaction cavity, designed for the TE_34,10 mode, to produce more than 1 MW of RF power of a gyrotron at the operating frequency of 170.03 GHz.