用弹簧分子系统进行弹性医学图像配准

将源图像Delaunay三角化,用弹簧分子系统模拟网格形变,网格点在系统力的作用下移动去拟合待配准的目标图像.力由互信息梯度定义,并利用已知解剖结构特征的对应关系对形变过程进行约束.经过一段时间,网格点停止运动,对每一个Delaunay三角形计算局部仿射变换.实验结果表明,该算法能够快速准确地实现弹性医学图像配准.     

基于特征点的多光谱遥感图像配准

提出一种基于特征点的多光谱遥感图像配准算法。首先在图像上建立二级规则网格,根据信息嫡值及特征分布均匀性准则选取特征网格;然后利用Forstner算子在特征网格中提取特征点,针对多光谱图像的特点,利用基于相关性原理的粗匹配和改进的基于空间距离约束的精匹配确立特征点的对应关系;最后通过仿射变换得到配准后的图像,并用均方根误差评价配准效果。实验结果表明,该方法计算速度快,且能够达到亚像素级配准精度。     

基于误差扩散和均值漂移的DSA特征点选择

数字减影血管造影（DSA）技术在血管疾病的诊断和治疗中起着重要的作用。在DSA图像配准算法中,控制点的精度、数量以及它们在图像上分布的情况在很大程度上决定了几何校正和配准的精度。控制点通常采用规则的网格点,然而更加有效的方法是利用图像本身的特征提取控制点。提出了一种基于误差扩散（Error Diffusion）和均值漂移（Mean Shift）的DSA特征点选择算法。该算法引入误差扩散是为了利用图像本身的特征自适应地选择控制点。在边缘和纹理复杂区域取较多控制点（网格密集）,相反在平坦区域取较少控制点。引入均值漂移的目的是为了减少控制点的数量。实验结果表明,该算法可以自适应地把控制点安排到血管等关键图像特征上,并可以根据需要对控制点的数量进行优化。     

大幅面多光谱遥感图像快速自动配准

针对大幅面多光谱遥感图像的配准需求,提出一种基于特征点的快速全自动配准方法。由于多光谱遥感图像的尺寸较大,计算量大,因此提出特征网格理论,即根据图像灰度值、信息熵值及特征分布均匀性准则,在二级规则网格中选取特征网格参与后续运算,以减小计算量。同时,该理论为SIFT(Scale Invariant Feature Transform)特征点提取算法的并行运行及特征点初匹配方法的改进提供了条件,提高了算法的效率及配准精度。利用本算法对CBERS-02B拍摄的遥感图像进行了实验。结果表明,该方法能够达到亚像素级配准精度,且计算速度快,能够满足大幅面遥感图像处理的要求。     

混合样条大尺度医学图像弹性配准算法研究*

针对大尺度形变医学图像配准速度慢和精度低的特点,提出一种结合薄板样条(TPS)和B样条的弹性配准方法。该方法采用尺度不变特征变换算法(SIFT)进行图像特征提取与匹配,利用TPS算法将特征点对作为输入进行预处理,以降低浮动图像的形变尺度,从而提高下一步B样条配准的速度与精度。然后使用局部区域细化层次B样条方法将TPS生成的较稀疏的形变网格作为初始网格,结合有限记忆优化算法(L-BFGS)对控制网格做进一步地处理,此过程只对形变较大的局部区域进行细化,以实现与参考图像的快速精确配准。实验结果表明,该方法较层次B样条方法有效地提高了配准的速度和精度。     

基于移动最小二乘法的医学图像配准

提出一种基于移动最小二乘法变形模型的医学图像配准技术.首先用蛇模型的方法分割图像感兴趣区域;其次在分割后的图像上半自动地选取对应标记点;最后基于这些标记点采用移动最小二乘法的变形模型对图像进行变形,从而实现医学图像的配准.实验结果表明,该方法克服了手动选点难度大的缺点,提高了配准的精度,是一种有效的医学图像配准方法.     

图像配准中确定性扰动PV插值算法

基于互信息的图像配准方法具有自动化程度高、配准精度高等优点，已被广泛应用于医学图像的配准，图像插值是图像配准过程中一个十分关键的步骤，详细分析了各类插值算法的优缺点，提出了一种确定性扰动PV插值算法，在利用PV插值时考虑了随机扰动涉及到扰动点周围9个网格点，并且通过扰动确定化计算PV插值法的权值．实验结果表明：该算法能够避免网格点和非网格点上的局部极值，有效地改善了基于互信息的目标函数的性能，使函数更加平滑。     

基于CenSurE特征的虚实配准方法研究

针对虚实配准的高精度和实时性要求, 提出了一种基于CenSurE特征的自适应虚实配准方法。该方法包括离线初始化和在线跟踪两个阶段。离线阶段系统利用CenSurE-OCT滤波器和MU-SURF描述符进行特征提取和匹配操作, 并根据特征匹配集合建立坐标系, 同时求得虚实配准的初始矩阵。在线跟踪阶段系统采用自适应跟踪方法获取当前图像特征点与参考特征点的对应关系, 然后利用误差逼近的方法求得当前图像的虚实配准矩阵。实验结果表明, 该方法的配准误差均值为1. 91　mm, 运算速度为21 fps, 其综合性能优于基于FAST、SIFT和SURF等局部特征的虚实配准方法, 具有较高的配准精度和较强的实时性。     

桥梁配准方法的研究与实现

以全色、多光谱图像中的桥梁目标为研究对象,采用具有尺度不变特征的SIFT算法,对图像进行特征点的提取与匹配,利用Delaunay三角网格对两幅图像特征点进行修正,通过投影变换将两幅图像变换到同一坐标系下进行配准,并利用均方根误差和相关系数进行配准评价;实验结果表明该方法可以减少图像的配准时间,配准精度达到亚像素级。     

结合模型限制和灰度信息的图像配准算法

由于噪声和成像条件的不同,准确得到两幅图像中提取的点特征之间的对应性是基于点特征的图像配准方法的一个难点.为此,文中提出了一种新的基于点特征的图像配准算法.该方法结合图像之间的拓扑关系和点特征之间的相似性,并利用变换模型限制求解点特征之间的对应性,然后根据对应的点特征求解变换模型参数,配准两幅图像.实验结果表明,所提出的方法对传感器相近的图像之间的配准是正确有效的.     

基于复合模型的软组织变形模拟算法

为满足虚拟手术中软组织变形的精确性和实时性要求,提出一种基于复合模型的软组织变形模拟算法。该复合变形模型包括复合网格的建立,复合网格中粗糙体网格应用有限元模型,精细表面网格应用基于位置动力学模型,通过变形计算流程实现变形模拟。复合模型与传统的有限元模型和基于位置的动力学模型相比,变形的精确性和实时性取得了更好的平衡。通过变形实例,表明复合模型对于实例模型也具有很好的展示效果。     

SUT-DAM: An integrated software environment for multi-disciplinary geotechnical engineering

As computer simulation increasingly supports engineering design, the requirement for a computer software environment providing an integration platform for computational engineering software increases. A key component of an integrated environment is the use of computational engineering to assist and support solutions for complex design. In the present paper, an integrated software environment is demonstrated for multi-disciplinary computational modeling of structural and geotechnical problems. The SUT-DAM is designed in both popularity and functionality with the development of user-friendly pre- and post-processing software. Pre-processing software is used to create the model, generate an appropriate finite element grid, apply the appropriate boundary conditions, and view the total model. Post-processing provides visualization of the computed results. In SUT-DAM, a numerical model is developed based on a Lagrangian finite element formulation for large deformation dynamic analysis of saturated and unsaturated soils. An adaptive FEM strategy is used into the large displacement finite element formulation by employing an error estimator, adaptive mesh refinement, and data transfer operator. This consists in defining new appropriate finite element mesh within the updated, deformed geometry and interpolating (mapping) the pertinent variables from one mesh to another in order to continue the analysis. The SUT-DAM supports different yield criteria, including classical and advanced constitutive models, such as the Pastor–Zienkiewicz and cap plasticity models. The paper presents details of the environment and includes several examples of the integration of application software.     

Landmark transfer with minimal graph

We present an efficient and robust algorithm for the landmark transfer on 3D meshes that are approximately isometric. Given one or more custom landmarks placed by the user on a source mesh, our method efficiently computes corresponding landmarks on a family of target meshes. The technique is useful when a user is interested in characterization and reuse of application-specific landmarks on meshes of similar shape (for example, meshes coming from the same class of objects). Consequently, across a set of multiple meshes consistency is assured among landmarks, regardless of landmark geometric distinctiveness. The main advantage of our method over existing approaches is its low computation time. Differently from existing non-rigid registration techniques, our method detects and uses a minimum number of geometric features that are necessary to accurately locate the user-defined landmarks and avoids performing unnecessary full registration. In addition, unlike previous techniques that assume strict consistency with respect to geodesic distances, we adopt histograms of geodesic distance to define feature point coordinates, in order to handle the deviation of isometric deformation. This allows us to accurately locate the landmarks with only a small number of feature points in proximity, from which we build what we call a minimal graph. We demonstrate and evaluate the quality of transfer by our algorithm on a number of Tosca data sets.     

Coupling of finite element method with material point method by local multi-mesh contact method

As a Lagrangian particle method, the material point method (MPM) has the potential to model extreme deformation of materials, where the traditional finite element method (FEM) often encounters mesh distortion and element entanglement which lead to numerical difficulties. However, FEM is more accurate and efficient than MPM for problems with small deformation. It is therefore desirable to model the body with extreme deformation by MPM and the body with small deformation by FEM, respectively. In this paper, a method to handle the contact interaction between the MPM body and the FEM body is proposed, which is implemented on the background grid of MPM. By this method, FEM is coupled with MPM and a hexahedral element is incorporated into our 3D explicit MPM code MPM3D®. Several numerical examples, including plate impact, sphere rolling, perforation of thick plate, and fluid–structure interaction problems, are studied and the numerical results are in good agreement with analytical solution and results available in the literature. The coupling of FEM and MPM offers advantages of both FEM and MPM.     

Comparison of FEM and BEM for interactive object simulation

There are two major approaches for real-time object simulation namely, the geometry (non-physically) based and the physically based approaches. Geometry based approaches such as free-form deformation (FFD) employ purely geometric techniques to model deformation. Physically based approaches usually adopt mass-spring system, finite element method (FEM) or boundary element method (BEM) for simulation. The mass-spring system is simple and only gives a coarse estimation of object deformation. Recently, FEM and BEM have been extensively used in object simulation because of the demand for more realistic simulation. However, a major drawback of FEM and BEM is their difficulty to achieve real-time deformation. In this article, we compare two different physically based approaches, FEM and BEM, according to their accuracy and computational complexity. Several experiments were conducted to compare the time required for the pre-computation process and the deformation process. In addition, the BEM with linear boundary elements is implemented and tested. At the current state of investigation, for the meshes with triangular elements, BEM with linear boundary elements is significantly faster than BEM with constant boundary elements under most of the circumstances. With the band matrix of FEM, the pre-computation process is faster than the BEM for a model with small mesh size. However if the mesh size of the model is large, the pre-computation process of BEM with linear boundary elements is the fastest.     

图像扭曲变换中高斯基函数的最优参数分析

薄板样条插值TPS是基于标记点的医学图像弹性配准中常用的插值方法,但该方法的扭曲作用是全局的,对于局部扭曲配准会导致匹配精度下降。基于径向基函数的图像变换方法可以解决局部扭曲配准问题,但如何选取径向基函数的参数还没有很好地解决。本文针对以高斯基函数为径向基函数的局部弹性变换问题,讨论了双标志点情况下高斯径向基函数的参数选取方法,该方法可以使双标志点之间的扭曲影响范围最局部化。本文结论用于多标志点的图像配准时可以解决图像局部弹性变换问题,实验结果验证了本文的结论。     

Flexible simulation of deformable models using discontinuous Galerkin FEM

We propose a simulation technique for elastically deformable objects based on the discontinuous Galerkin finite element method (DG FEM). In contrast to traditional FEM, it overcomes the restrictions of conforming basis functions by allowing for discontinuous elements with weakly enforced continuity constraints. This added flexibility enables the simulation of arbitrarily shaped, convex and non-convex polyhedral elements, while still using simple polynomial basis functions. For the accurate strain integration over these elements we propose an analytic technique based on the divergence theorem. Being able to handle arbitrary elements eventually allows us to derive simple and efficient techniques for volumetric mesh generation, adaptive mesh refinement, and robust cutting. Furthermore, we show DG FEM not to suffer from locking artifacts even for nearly incompressible materials, a problem that in standard FEM requires special handling.     

联合弯曲能量和标志点对应约束的非刚性医学图像配准

由于缺乏图像几何空间约束,基于互信息的非刚性医学图像配准常常产生不合理的形变。提出一种联合弯曲能量和标志点对应约束的非刚性医学图像配准方法,在互信息配准目标函数中添加弯曲能量惩罚和对应标志点间欧氏距离2个正则项,约束医学图像软组织不合理形变。脑部MRI、头颈部CT、胸部CBCT影像配准实验结果表明,该方法可有效提高配准质量。     

An h-hierarchical adaptive scaled boundary finite element method for elastodynamics

A posteriori h-hierarchical adaptive scaled boundary finite element method (ASBFEM) for transient elastodynamic problems is developed. In a time step, the fields of displacement, stress, velocity and acceleration are all semi-analytical and the kinetic energy, strain energy and energy error are all semi-analytically integrated in subdomains. This makes mesh mapping very simple but accurate. Adaptive mesh refinement is also very simple because only subdomain boundaries are discretised. Two 2D examples with stress wave propagation were modelled. It is found that the degrees of freedom needed by the ASBFEM are only 5%–15% as needed by adaptive FEM for the examples.     

基于变形轮廓的医学图象匹配方法

艇变形轮廓线的方法实现医学图象匹配过程中的对应标记点问题,并用遗传算法进行最佳匹配结果的搜索。实验结果表明,该方法能有效地用于建立医学图谱和图象之间的一一对应关系,是对以往人工交互标注方法的重要改进。